中考英语语法精讲 非谓语动词教案-人教版初中九年级全册英语教案.doc

2017中考英语语法精讲：非谓语动词【教学目标】1.熟练掌握动词不定式在句中的作用。 2.熟练掌握常见的动词不定式的省略形式。 3.熟练掌握疑问词不定式。【教学内容】动词不定式一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.= It is not easy for us to speak English讲英语对我们来说不容易。不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day, =To clean the room every day is my work我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes Co play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English（表目的）我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+ be+ adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：Its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。Its very clever of you to do like that你那样做真是太聪明了。2不定式作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？find，think等后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。常见的一些不带to的动词不定式why not do.,why dont you do. ,had better( not) do.,wouldrather do., could/would/will you please( not) do.I would rather stay in the room我宁愿待在房间里。3不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他调低收音机的音量。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage等后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listento)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词之后。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有被动关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。如果被修饰词有序数词，最高级或no，all，any等限定，则不定式与被修饰词为逻辑上的主动关系。如：He was the best man to do the job.5不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is teIling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)动名词一、动名词的构成动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成。二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性语介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。的动作。表语His hobby is collecting stamps.= Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室里。We should improve our teachingmethods我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，havefun ,have trouble/problems(in), spend.( in), feel like, be used to（习惯于）,give up，keep on，consider，suggest，cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：完成实践值得忙（finish，practice，be worth，be busy）继续习惯别放弃( keep on，be used to，give up)考虑建议不禁想( consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy:miss,mind)分词易混点清单一、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to dostop doingremember to doremember doingforget to doforget doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingregret to doregret doingmean to domean doing1. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth停止做某事Stop talking，please请不要说话。Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。2. remember to do sth记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）I remember posting your letter我记得把你的信寄出去了。Please remember to post my letter请记得把我的信寄走。forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（动作未发生）3 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（动作已发生）I forgot to bring my homework我忘记带作业了。I forgot bringing my homework我忘记已把作业带来了。try to do sth. 努力去做某事4 try doing sth. 试着去做某事He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。Please try to do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。5. go on to do sth做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth.继续不停地做某事Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做其他的。Go on doing the exercises after a short rest.休息一会儿之后继续做练习。对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）6regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）regret doing sht. 对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔（已做）I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。7 mean to do sth打算，想做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means .wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。二、现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别一些常见的动词如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。（“唱”这个动作正在进行）I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。（“唱”这个动作已经结束）三、need，requirewant后跟不定式和动名词当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词等于加不定式的被动式。如：The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那个窗户需要被清洗。四、现在分词与过去分词的区别1在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised look惊讶的神色a moving film 一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们2在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：the developing country发展中国家the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun升起来的太阳五、注意含有介词to的固定短语在初中阶段的英语学习中，学生常常会遇到含有介词的短语，而其中有些短语中所含的介词为to，它后面需要接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式，学生们很容易将这种情况与不定式符号to后接动词原形混淆，因此需要熟记这些短语。初中阶段常见的含介词的短语有：1make(a)contribution(s)to为作贡献2devote to献身，致力于He has devoted his life to helping disabled people.他一生献身于帮助残疾人。3.look forward to期盼，盼望We are so much looking forward to seeing you again.我们非常盼望再见到你。4prefer.to.两者间更喜欢I prefer walking to cycling.我愿意步行，而不愿骑自行车。5be used to.习惯；适应She is quite used to working hard她很习惯努力工作。六、易混句式have sbdo sth，have sb/sthDoing sth和have sthdone的区别1have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用letmake代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。2have sb./sthdoing sth意为“让某人/物一直做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)表示这个动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。如：The two men had their lights burIung all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。3have sth. done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb. else to do sth。过去分词(done)表示这个动作由他人（即非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。如：The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。【课内检测】详见导学案【作业布置】1.完成本节课的同步练习2.预习下一讲的导学案。