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数词
教学内容
你知道下面的数字分别是阿拉伯数字中的几吗?
I, II, XII, V, VI, VII, IX, III, IV, X, VIII, XI
你知道1-10在中文中对应的繁体字怎么写吗?
批注:芝麻开门部分可以先从学生不太熟悉的罗马数字开始,教案中给出的数字已经打乱顺序,防止学生按照顺序往下数,下面给出了中文的一到十,询问孩子学习了这么长时间的语文后是否会写中文的数字,然后导出本节课的主题:数词。
初一英语数词详解
一、基本分类
1)基数词
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等。
2)序数词
表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。
三、用法详解
1、基数词的构成
1) 1-20表达英语中有相对应的单词,两位数的表达方法为整数加个位数组成,如twenty-one;三位数如one hundred and twenty-one, 百位和十位之间加and,后面两位数要加连字符,四位以上只有在百位和十位之间加and,如1134 one thousand, one hundred and thirty-four。
英语中没有万,千万,亿等单位,如果需要表示万的话用thousand计算,例如1,4283 fourteen thousand two hundred and eighty-three;如果需要表示千万和亿的话用million计算,如2,1824,5200 two hundred and eighteen million two hundred and forty-five thousand and two hundred。
2)用作基数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。如:
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
典型例题
( ) Two _________(hundred) of students took part in the sports meeting last week.
解析:正确答案为hundred. 前面出现具体数字,后面只能用hundred,但是后面出现了of, 很多学生会误写成hundreds, 但是这边的of 表示的范围,这句话的意思是:上周学生中的两百个人参加了运动会。
3)表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:
He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。
数词和名词,形容词连用时有连字符和没有连字符在句中的位置是有区别的,例如five-year-old和five years old. 有连字符的在句中做定语,修饰后面的名词;无连字符的在句中做表语,放在系动词后面。
The five-year-old boy can dress himself.那个5岁的孩子自己能穿衣服了。
My son is a five-year-old boy.我的儿子是一个五岁的男孩。
2、序数词的构成
1)许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的,如four / fourth,sixteen / sixteenth;
twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie,再加-th 构成。
几个常考的不规则变化序数词需注意:ninth,twelfth,fortieth,ninetieth等。
2)非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。
3)序数词前通常要用定冠词,但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时,通常省略其前的定冠词。如:
Today is my father’s fortieth birthday.
有时序数词前不用定冠词,而用不定冠词,表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如:
We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
3、数词的用法
1) 时刻的表示:小时,分钟,秒钟都用基数词表示,例如:five o'clock, seven thirty, two to eight等。
2)年,月,日的表示:年份用基数词,日用序数词。例如:in 1999,五月八号 写作 May the eighth
表示在几世纪这个概念时,用序数词。例如:在21世纪 写作 in the twenty-first century.
3)在分数的表达,分子须用基数词,分母用序数词。分子如是1以上的基数词,分母须用复数形式。
如1/3写作a/one third,3/4写作three fourths。
4)编号的表示:基数词放到名词的后面,前面的名词要大写;序数词放在名词的前面,要加定冠词。例如:Lesson 1,the first lesson.
批注:本部分可以依照从基数词到序数词的顺序,给孩子讲解数字的表达方法,基数词变序数词的方法和特殊的书写,数词部分一些知识点比较零散,老师在讲完知识点后要注意以简洁的语言给孩子系统总结。
(建议5-10分钟)
I. 数词填空
1. Even a child knows September is the ______ month of a year.(nine)
2. Three ______________ (hundred)of the students are dancing at the square after supper.
3. My family live on the_________(five)floor of the tall building.
4. I’ve bought a present for my father’s_________ (forty) birthday.
5. December is the_____ (twelve) month of it.
6. Chinese people plant several__________ (million) trees every year.
7. Now _______ (thousand) of people around the world can’t get clean water.
8. The doctor advised him to take the medicine _____ (two) a day.
II. 数词选择
( ) 1. ________ visitors come to Suqian during May Day holidays every year.
A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousand
( ) 2. -- How was your weekend?
--Great! It was my grandfather's____ birthday. We enjoyed ourselves.
A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventieth D. Seventeenth
( ) 3. May is the _____ month of a year.
A. fifty B. fifteen C. fifth D. five
( ) 4. A_____ girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father.
A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. three years old
( ) 5. Please turn to page __________ and look at the ____________ picture in this unit.
A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first
( ) 6. -- I hear your friend is visiting San Ya again. Is it the second time for him?
-- Yes, and he will come for _______time next spring.
A. a third B. a second C. the third
( ) 7. --Would you like to have _____ apples?
--No, thank you. I’ve had enough.
A. other two B. another two C. more two D. two others
( ) 8. There are _____ days in a week and Tuesday is______ day of the week.
A. seven ,third B. seven ,the third
C. seventh ,three D. the seventh, three
( ) 9. There ______ twelve months in a year. September is the_____ month.
A. are, ninth B. is, ninth C. are, nineth D. is, nineth
( ) 10. Please turn to ______.
A. Page 11 B. the 11st page C. page 11 D. page the 11th
( ) 11. There are ____ students in our school.
A. four-hundred and forty-five B. four hundred and forty-five
C. four hundreds and forty-five D. four hundred and forty five
( ) 12. --How many students are there in your class?
--________.
A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties
答案:I. 1. ninth 2. hundred 3. fifth 4. fortieth 5. twelfth 6. million 7. thousands 8. Twice
II. ABCAD ABAAA BA
score:____________
批注:这个部分还是以学生练习为主,学生在做完之后,老师进行批改,然后如果学生错误较多的话老师还是需要在讲解过程中回顾知识点,如果学生错误很少,老师可以挑几道题让孩子自己讲解,看看孩子是不是真正掌握了。
(建议2-5分钟)
放电影回顾式学习法
批注:第一步采用放电影学习法,让学生自己回忆在本模块学到了哪些知识点;老师注意引导孩子对该部分语法知识形成系统认知。第二步是错题再次回顾总结,在“斩妖除魔”环节,学生做了几道题目,需要再次让学生总结出现错误的原因及下次如何避免.
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