冠词、形容词、副词新建MicrosoftWord文档(3).doc

语法之--- 冠词
冠词 是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：定冠词（the）、不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词（即名词前既没有不定冠词和定冠词，也没有其他限定词的现象）.
重点记住：1)不定冠词a/an用于泛指，定冠词用于特指；
2） a用在以辅音音素开头的词，an用在以元音音素开头的单词、字母之前；
3） 不可用冠词的几种场合（三餐、球类名称、季节、星期、节日、学科等名称的名词前不用冠词）
4） 必须用冠词的场合（序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名词、独一无二的事物前等）
★特别提示 有些短语中的冠词属于习惯用法，是不能改动的。如：
1. a 用于表示价格、频率、速度。例如：three times a day, once a month, 100miles an hour.
2. a 用于表示时间、距离的“一段”。例如： have a good time, have a long walk.
3. a和一些物质名词连用，表示“一场”“一阵”。例如：a heavy rain, a wonderful tea.
4. a和一些由动词转化而来的名词连用，表“一（次）；一（下）”。例如：have a look/ have a drink / have a talk/ have a try/ have a rest/ have a swim.
5. “so+形容词+a+单数名词”固定结构。so clever a boy=such a clever boy;
“what+a+形容词+单数名词”固定结构。 What a clever boy he is!=How clever the boy is!
6.固定短语:the only+名词; the same+名词
考点一：不定冠词a/an用于泛指，定冠词用于特指
The book on the desk is a useful one.
Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, is a pretty city.
考点二：a用在以辅音音素开头的词，an用在以元音音素开头的单词、字母之前
Mike is an American boy. He studies in a university in Lanzhou.
考点三：不可用冠词的几种场合（三餐、球类名称、季节、星期、节日、学科等名称的名词前不用冠词，也称零冠词）
Have you had your breakfast at home?
The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn.
We often have sports after class, and I like to play basketball.
Everyone in China likes Mid-Autumn Day.
考点四：必须用冠词的场合（序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名词、独一无二的事物前等）
I was the first to arrive. He is the best player in the competition.
He likes to play the piano but I like to listen to music.
She is the only person who was late today. The world is always changing.
练习
在下列各句的横线上填入必要的冠词，若不需要冠词，用“/”代替
1. Thomas Edison was one of ______ greatest inventors in ______ world.
2. Man is ______ only animal that can talk.
3. Is Tom ______ taller of the two?
4. I live in ______ northeast of China.
5. Children usually go to _____ school at the age of six in our country.
6. Is Jim good at ______ English.
‚选择正确答案
1. Fred plays _____ piano after _____ supper every day.
A. the;the B. /; the C.the; / D. a;the
2. My birthday is coming. Dale will send me _____ e-dog as my birthday present.
A. a B.an C.the D./
3. Look! There is _____ cat in the tree. A.a B.an C.the D./
4. There is _____ big supermarket in _____ center of our city.
A. a,the B.the,a C.the,the D./,the
5. Yao Ming, ____ NBA star, will continue_____matches this season.
A. a,the B.the,a C.an,the D.the,an
6.There’s _____ apple on the table. _____ apple is for my little brother.
A. a,An B. an,The C. the,An D.the,A
7. Lily is _____ active girl and she is fond of playing _____ volleyball.
A. an, / B.a,a C.an,the D.a, /
8. --- There is _____ball on the ground. Would you please pass _____ ball to me?
--- With pleasure.
A. a,the B.the,a C. the,the D.a,a
9. I wish I could fly to _____ moon one day. A.a B. an C./ D.the
10. Mrs. Green lives on ______ floor.
A. the fifteen B. fifteen C. fifteenth D. the fifteenth
11. _____ Great Wall is _____longest wall in the world.
A. A,the B.The,a C.The,the D.A,a
12._____ India and China are of _____ same continent.
A. /,a B.The,the C. /,the D. /,/
语法之--- 形容词
形容词用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示事物的性质、状态和特征。
一般对形容词的考点集中在形容词辨析、形容词原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法；形容词作定语时的位置等。
考点一：形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法

构成规则
原级
比较级
最高级
单音
节词
一般在词尾加-er和-est
hard
harder
hardest
以e结尾的只加-r和-st
nice
nicer
nicest
辅音字母加y结尾的先改y为i,再加-er和-est
busy
dry
busier
drier
busiest
driest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est
big
hot
fat
thin
bigger
biggest
双音
节词
少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节词，方法同单音节词
happy
simple
clever
happier
happiest
其他的再前面加more, most 分别构成比较级和最高级
careful
useful
more careful
most careful
多音节
在其前面加more 和most
difficult
beautiful
more difficult
most difficult
不规则变化的形容词
good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst little-less-least
many/much-more-most far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
形容词的比较级（用于两者之间的比较）
★可以单独使用。如：Be more careful next time.
This bag is more expensive.
★也可和than 连用，表示两者相比。
如：His school is larger than my school.
★“as+形容词原级+as”结构表示比较的双方程度相当。
Today is as hot as yesterday.
★“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越...,越...”
The busier I am,the happier I feel.
★“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示“越来越...”
The summer is coming; it is getting hotter and hotter.
形容词的最高级
用于三者或以上的比较，其结构一般是“the+形容词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”。
She is the tallest among her classmates.
This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.
‚形容词的最高级前如果有物主代词，不再加定冠词
This is my best friend. I sent you my best wishes.
考点二：形容词作定语的位置
形容词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词之前。Something,anything,nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在该不定代词的后面。 副词enough要放在形容词的后面
There’s something wrong with your computer.
It’s easy enough to work out this problem.
练习
1. Do you think math is ____ than English?
A. difficult B. as difficult C. more difficult D.most difficult
2. I can’t eat any more food, I’m _____.
A. busy B.hungry C.full D.serious
3. Xi’an is one of ______ capital _____ in China.
A. older;city B.the older, city C.oldest,cities D.the oldest,cities
4. The bus is _____ to hold fifty people.
A. too big B.very big C.big enough D.enough big
5. I think autumn is ______ season of the year in our city.
A. the better B.good C.better D.the best
6. There were _____ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
A. little B.few C.fewer D.less
7. ---Which city is your favorite?
---Hangzhou, of course. It’s the ____ place that I want to visit.
A. worse B.worst C.better D.best
8. ---In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think.
--- I don’t agree. Speaking is ______ reading.
A. as important as B.so important C.the most important D.the same as
9. The more you smile,the _____you will feel.
A. happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily
10. Which country has a ______ (large) population, America or Japan?
11. Shanghai is one of the _____ (big) cities in China.
12. Which book is more __________ ? (interest)
13. Everyone was _________ that he passed the exam this time.(surprise)
同义句转换，每空一词。
14. If you eat more, you will be fatter. → The _____ you eat, the _____ you will be.
15. Tim is tall. Ted is taller. Tom is taller than Ted.
Tom is ______ ______ ______ the three.
16. Mary is taller than her sister. → Mary’s sister is _______ than her.

语法之--- 副词
一般对副词的考点集中在副词辨析、副词原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法；副词在句中的位置等。
考点一：副词的原级、比较级和最高级的变化和用法
副词的原级、比较级和最高级的一般变化规则与形容词一致(这类副词大多是由形容词加-ly构成，如carefully,slowly, angrily等)
考点二：副词在句中的位置
多数副词都可以放在动词的后面或者句末，如果动词带有宾语时，副词就放在宾语后面。有时候副词也可以放在主语后面、谓语动词前面，对动作加以强调。
频度副词如ever,never,often,always,usually,hardly等通常位于实义动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后。
The necklace looks nice and sells well.
I can hardly had time to thank him.
English people never use “Mr.”before a man’s first name.
练习
1. He ran and ran ,but he couldn’t run ____to catch the bus.
A. fast enough B.quick enough C.enough fast D.enough quickly
2. Don’t go out. It’s raining ______.
A. quickly B.heavily C.loudly D.hardly
3. I _____go to the theater,because I don’t like opera at all.
A.always B.often C.sometimes D.never
4.It’s snowing hard. You must drive __________ (careful).
5.He put on his coat and went out ______ (quick)
6.The boys watched the football match ________ (happy) last night.
7.________(luck), modern medicine can help people with eye problems.
8.I’m ______(real) sorry about that.
9.It was a silent night. The moon shone _________ (bright) in through the window.
10.He came into the room _________ (quiet) because the baby was sleeping.