形容词性从句.doc

形容词性从句（定语从句）
定义：形容词性从句（定语从句），在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词充当从句的成分。

限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句和先行词的关系不紧密，用逗号和主句分开，另译作一句，作为一种补充说明，即使去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚。限定性定语从句和先行词关系紧密，从句不能去掉，如果去掉意思就不清楚，且主句和从句之间无逗号。
My daughter who works in Shanghai is coming tomorrow.
My daughter, who works in Shanghai, is coming tomorrow.

关系代词引导的定语从句
1 who 指人，在从句中作主语
This is the man who teaches us English.
2 whom 指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略
Mrs Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
3 whose
通常指人，也可指物， 在从句中作定语
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in
4 which
指事物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years
5 that 指物，也指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时，常可省略
The train that has just left is for Shanghai.

关系副词引导的定语从句
1 when 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。 （如 time, day, hour, year）
He came last night when I was out.
2 where 表示地点，其先行词是表示地点的名词。（如:place, room, house, street, area 等）
The place where I met her was railway station.
3 why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面
That is no reason why you should leave.

关系代词as
1 引导限定性定语从句，用于such…as, the same…as, as many ( 或as much)…as 结构中。
Such books as you bought are useless. (as做宾语)
2 引导非限定性定语从句，说明整个主句，从句的位置可在主句前，主句中或主句后，常用逗号和主句隔开。
As is often the case, Mary was late for school. (as 做主语)

宜用that而不用which的情况
1 先行词为 all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one 等不定代词时
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of 修饰时
The only furniture (that) he had in the room was a chair.
3 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词(含last)修饰时
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the best film that has ever been made.
4先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the school.
5 在there be 或 there live的结构中
There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.

不宜用that，用which 的情况
1关系代词前有介词时
The room in which my family live used to be a garage.
2 非限定性定语从句中
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
3 先行词本身是that 时
That which you told him about is what we want to know.

引导定语从句的关系词
1 同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，须用不同的关系词去代替它
This is the place where =( in the place)状语 he works
This is the place which( the place)宾语 we visited.
2 关系代词做从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致，先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为单数第三人称
Those who are going, come here.
The exams were put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
3 介词如果在定语从句的句首时， 做宾语的关系代词只能用whom 和 which ,并且不可以省
This is the book to which I referred in my talk =This is the book which I referred to in my talk.

Exercises:
1If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A that B which C when D where
(D)
2 ________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A It B As C That D What
(A)
3George Orwell,__________ was Eric, wrote many political novels.
A the real name B what his real name
C his real name D whose real name
(D)
4 York,_______ last year, is a nice old city.
A that I visited B which I visited
C where I visited D in which I visited
(B)
5 We will be shown around the city; schools, museums and some other places,_______ other visitors seldom go.
A what B which C where D when
< C>
6_________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A It B As C That D What
(B)
7 The films brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A until B that C when D where
( C)
8 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,________, of course, made the others unhappy.
A who B which C this D what
< B>
9 Almost anything ___________ man can do nature has already done better.
A that B what C which D who
<A>
10It is the most beautiful story __________ I have ever heard.
A as B which C what D that
<D>
11 The woman has three sons all of ________ are studying abroad.
A who B whom C that D them
<B>
12 Long before there were three brothers _________ father died, leaving them 30 goats and 60 kids.
A who’s B of whom C whose D that
<C>
13 Hainan is a city ___________ the streets are carefully planted.
A that B whose C which D where
< D>
14 We like to employ an architect ________ we have confidence.
A in whom B for who C on whom D that
<A>
15 the boy _______ we met yesterday works at a parking lot.
A / B then C what D which
<A>
16 I should like to use the same instrument ________ is used in your workshop.
A like B which C what D as
<D>
17 You’d better buy the one ________ is the cheapest.
A which B that C what D whichever
< B>
18 Did you meet the girl ________ was chosen Homecoming Queen?
A whom B who C as D which
<B>
19 Traffic accidents, _______ they have been trying to eliminate for some time, are still very common.
A that B what C which D when
<C>
20 Friday is the day _________ we get paid.
A in that B on what Con which D at which
< C>