外研版(衔接版)七年级英语上册Module 1 Section 1 Background Readings.doc

MODULE 1 Nice to meet you
Part 2: Teaching Resources
第二部分 教学资源
Section 1: Background Readings
1．Am/is/are + what/who?
To be is the most common verb in the English language. It can be used as an auxiliary or a main verb.
Singular = 1

Plural = 1+

I
am
You
are
You
are
We
are
He/she/it
is
They
are
Uses
Am/Is/Are
Positive Statement +
Negative Statement -
Singular
Written Form or spoken for emphasis
Contracted
Form (spoken)
Written Form or spoken for emphasis
Contracted
Form (spoken)
Am I?
I am
I'm
I am not
I'm not
Are you?
You are
You're
You are not
You're not
or
You aren't
Is he?Is she?
Is it?
He is
She is
It is
He's
She's
It's
He is not
She is not
It is not
He isn't
She isn't
It isn't
or
He's not
She's not
It's not
Plural

Are we?
We are
We're
We are not
We aren't
or
We're not
Are you?
You are
You're
You are not
You're not
or
You aren't
Are they?
They are
They're
They are not
They aren't
or
They're not
Examples
The verbs am / is / are used with:-

Am/Are
Is
a noun group
Are you an English teacher?
Mr Bean is an English teacher.
an adjective
I'm tired.
She's English.
an expression of place or time
They're at home.
It's nine o'clock.
an expression of age
I'm 44.
He's two years old.
the form of the present continuous tense
We're learning English.
She's teaching English.

Am/Are
Is
Question - ?
"Am I disturbing you?"
"Is this your coat?"
Positive Answer + Yes
"Yes you are. We're very busy."
"Yes, it is"
Negative Answer - No
"No you're not. We aren't very busy."
"No, it isn't"
2．Introductions, greetings and farewells
Follow the dialogue.
Mr Bean meets Mrs Breuer, one of his students, and her husband in the street.
Mr Bean:
Good morning, Mrs Breuer.
Mrs Breuer:
Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you?
Mr Bean:
I'm fine thanks, and you?
Mrs Breuer:
Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr Bean my English teacher.
Mr Breuer:
Pleased to meet you.
Mr Bean:
Pleased to meet you too. Are you from Germany, Mr Breuer?
Mr Breuer:
Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London?
Mr Bean:
No, I'm from Derby, but I live in London now.
Mrs Breuer:
Well, goodbye Mr Bean, it was nice to see you.
Mr Bean:
Yes, goodbye.
When leaving, you say "Goodbye".
"Bye" is more informal.
When leaving at night, you say "Goodnight".
When going to bed you say "Goodnight".
3．英语姓名小常识
英语姓名的一般结构为：教名+自取名+姓。如 William Jefferson Clinton。
但在很多场合中间名往往略去不写，如 George Bush，而且许多人更喜欢用昵称
取代正式教名，如 Bill Clinton。上述教名和中间名又称个人名。现将英语民族
的个人名、昵称和姓氏介绍如下：
I. 个人名
按照英语民族的习俗，一般在婴儿接受洗礼的时候，由牧师或父母亲朋为其
取名，称为教名。以后本人可以在取用第二个名字，排在教名之后。
英语个人名的来源大致有以下几种情况：
1. 采用圣经、希腊罗马神话、古代名人或文学名著中的人名作为教名。
2. 采用祖先的籍贯，山川河流，鸟兽鱼虫，花卉树木等的名称作为教名。
3. 教名的不同异体。
4. 采用（小名）昵称。
5. 用构词技术制造新的教名，如倒序，合并。
6. 将母亲的娘家姓氏作为中间名。
英语民族常用的男子名有：James, John, David, Daniel, Michael, 常见的
女子名为：Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Sarah, Catherine.
II. 昵称
昵称包括爱称、略称和小名，是英语民族亲朋好友间常来表示亲切的称呼，
是在教名的基础上派生出来的。通常有如下情况：
1. 保留首音节。如 Donald => Don, Timothy => Tim. 如果本名以元音开头，
则可派生出以'N'打头的昵称，如：Edward => Ned.
2. +ie 或 -y 如：Don => Donnie, Tim => Timmy.
3. 采用尾音节，如：Anthony => Tony, Beuben => Ben.
4. 由一个教名派生出两个昵称，如：Andrew => Andy & Drew.
5. 不规则派生法，如：William 的一个昵称是 Bill.
III. 姓氏
英国人在很长的一段时间里只有名而没有姓。直到16世纪姓氏的使用才广泛
流行开来。英语姓氏的词源主要有：
1. 直接借用教名，如 Clinton.
2. 在教名上加上表示血统关系的词缀，如后缀-s, -son, -ing；前缀 M'-, Mc-,
Mac-, Fitz- 等均表示某某之子或后代。
3. 在教名前附加表示身份的词缀，如 St.-, De-, Du=, La-, Le-.
4. 放映地名，地貌或环境特征的，如 Brook, Hill等。
5. 放映身份或职业的，如：Carter, Smith.
6. 放映个人特征的，如：Black, Longfellow.
7. 借用动植物名的，如 Bird, Rice.
8. 由双姓合并而来，如 Burne-Jones.
英语姓氏虽然出现较教名晚，但数量要多得多。常用的有：Smith, Miller,
Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams.
IV. 几点说明
1. 较早产生的源于圣经，希腊罗马神话的教名通常不借用为姓氏。
2. 英国人习惯上将教名和中间名全部缩写，如 M. H. Thatcher；美国人则习惯
于只缩写中间名，如 Ronald W. Reagan。
3. 在姓名之前有时还要有人际称谓，如职务军衔之类。Dr., Prof., Pres. 可以
用于姓氏前或姓名前；而Sir 仅用于教名或姓名前。