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广东省珠海九中九年级英语全册《Unit 9 When was it invented-《Unit 9 When was it invented》教材全析 人教新目标版.doc

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《Unit 9 When was it invented-《Unit 9 When was it invented》教材全析 [教材全析] 友情提示 SECTION A Language Goal:Talk about the history of inventions语言目标:谈论发明的历史。 1a Look at the things below. In what order do you think they were invented? Number them[1-5](1=first,5=last) 看下面的这些东西。你认为它们是按照什么顺序发明的?用[1~5]的先后顺序来给它们编号。 I think the telephone was invented before the car. 我认为电话发明的比汽车早。 关于被动语态的一些相关的知识: (1)句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。动词的被动语态一般翻译成“被……”,但是根据汉语表达习惯的不同,有时候“被”也可以省略。 The homework will be finished today. 作业今天就可以写完。 例题探究: The first computer ________ in 1945. A.was invented B.was discovered C.invented D.discover (2)被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)”构成。助动词有时态、人称和数的变化,动词在被动语态不同时态中的变化形式如下: 体 时 间 一般 进行 完成 现在 is/am,are done is/am,are being done has/have been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 will/shall be done — — 过去将来 would/should be done — — 1b Listen and match the inventions and the dates. 听录音并把发明和时间连线。 1c Student A,cover the dates. Student B, ask Student A when the things in the picture above were invented. Then change roles and practice again. 学生A,盖住日期,学生B,问学生A图片上的东西是什么时间发明的。然后交换角色,继续练习。 例题探究: I think the students have finished the homework.(改为否定句) 2a Listen and number the inventions in the order that you hear them. 听录音,按照你所听到的顺序给发明编号。 2b Listen again and match the items in columns A, B, and C. 再听一遍录音,然后把纵栏A、B、C中的项目连线。 2c Role play the conversations using the information in the chart above. 用上面表格中的信息进行角色对话。 They’re used for seeing in the dark. 它们用来在黑暗中照明。 use是动词,意思是“用,使用,应用”,它有几个重要短语: used to do sth.是情态动词短语,意思是“过去常常做某事”,表示过去的习惯动作或过去常常存在的状态,用于一般过去时态,它的否定形式是“didn’t use to”或“used not to”,它的一般疑问句形式是“did sb. use to...”或“used sb. to...”。 be used to doing sth.意思是“习惯于做某事”,后面跟代词、名词或相当于名词的词或者是词组等,可用于各种时态。在这个短语中be可以用get,become等来替代。 He is used to going to work by bike. 他习惯于骑自行车去上班。 She will be used to getting up early. 她将会习惯于早起。 be used to do sth.是use的被动语态,意思是“……被用来做某事”,后跟动词不定式。 This knife is used to peel the fruit. 这把刀子被用来削水果。 例题探究: (1)We use this thing for making dumplings.(改为被动语态) (2)It’s used for________ clearly in the dark. A .seeing B. see C. looking D. look (3)They did not use to visit us.(改为同义句) (4)It used to rain here in summer.(改为一般疑问句和否定句) 被动语态用法(一) ①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时 His clothes was stolen a week ago. 一个星期前,他的衣服被偷了。 ②当我们认为没有必要指出或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时 This song was repeated over and over again. 这首歌被一遍又一遍的重复播放。 被动语态用法(二): ③虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者,但是我们强调或突出的是动作的承受者,此时动作的执行者用介词by加代表动作执行者的名词或代词表示 His plan has not been approved by the management. 他的计划还没有得到管理部门的批准。 This table was bought by my father’s friend. 这张桌子是我爸爸的朋友买的。 ④It is said that等结构:It is said that(据说),It is believed that(相信),It is reported that(据报道)等结构中常用被动语态 It is said that a new bridge will be built here. 据说这里将建一座新桥。 It is reported that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow. 据报道说明天这里将有一场大雪。 例题探究: To make our city more beautiful,rubbish ________ into the river. A.needn’t be thrown B.mustn’t be thrown C.can’t throw D.may not throw 3a Make a list of five helpful inventions and five annoying inventions. 列一张清单,包括5项有帮助的发明和5项让人烦恼的发明。 3b Discuss your opinion in activity 3a with your partner. 和你的同伴讨论活动3a中你的观点。 What do you think is the most helpful invention? 你认为什么是最有用的发明? most,mostly和most of的区别 most:副词,指“最大限度地,极度地”,是much的最高级,主要用来构成多音节形容词和副词的最高级以及修饰动词,但前面加不定冠词a时表示“非常,极”。 mostly:副词,指“主要地,大部分地”。 I watch TV every week,mostly on Sundays. 我每周都看电视,大部分是在星期天。 most of:意思是“大部分,大多数”,后面可以接代词的宾格或名词。 注意:most of后面的名词通常用代词的所有格或者定冠词修饰。 Most of his time is spent playing football. 他的大部分时间都用来踢足球。 4 Imagine that you are alone on a tiny island.Choose five inventions you would like to have on the island with you.Tell the group what you chose and why. 假设你独自呆在一个小岛上。选出你想随身带着的五项发明。告诉小组成员你选的发明和选它们的原因。 I’d like to① have a radio because I could listen to② music all day③. 我想要带一个收音机,因为这样我就能整天听音乐了。 because,for,since与as 这四个连词都有“因为,由于”的意思,都可以用来引导表示原因的状语从句。但在具体的用法上有些区别: because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,它所表示的是引起主句结果的直接原因,一般位于主句之后,有时也可以放在前面,用逗号与主语隔开。 He was late for school because he got up late. 因为他起床起晚了,所以他迟到了。 for是个并列连词,连接的是两个并列的句子,它引导的句子一般放在主句后面,表示主句的理由,语气上比because轻得多。 You’d better take off your coat,for it is very hot outside. 你最好脱下大衣,因为外面很暖和。 since的意思是“因为”,表示的往往不是根本原因,而是自然结果,引起的从句通常放在句首。 Since you are eight years old,you should go to school. 因为已经8岁了,你应该去上学了。 as的意思也是“因为”,但语气比since还要弱些, 用于日常用语中。引起的从句表示附加的原因,通常放在句首。 As I am afraid of light, I am wearing a pair of sunglasses. 因为我害怕光,所以戴着一副太阳眼镜。 SECTION B 1a The words in the box describe how food tastes.Write them under the correct pictures.(Some pictures have more than one word.) 方框中的单词描述了食物的味道。 把它们写在正确的图片下(有一些图片不止用一个单词)。 2a Listen and circle “T”(for true) or “F”(for false). 听并且圈出正确的或者是错误的选项。(T代表正确,F代表错误) The potato chips① were invented by mistake②. 薯条是因为一个错误而被发明的。 The customer said they weren’t salty enough. 顾客说不够咸。 enough是个形容词,意思是“充分的,足够的”。 enough food充分的食物 enough是形容词且作定语时,可放在名词前,也可放在名词后;放在名词前,强调enough的意义较弱;放在名词后,强调名词意思较弱。 enough还是一个不可数名词,有“充分,足够”的意思。 e.g.I have had enough, thank you. 我已经吃饱了,谢谢。 enough是副词时,修饰形容词、副词和动词,而且enough放在这三种词的后面。 e.g.I’m lucky enough to have such a friend. 我真幸运有这样的朋友。 They can’t walk fast enough.他们走得不快。 Have you played enough?你玩够了没有啊? George wanted to make the customer happy③. 乔治想让顾客高兴。 in the end=at last=finally=at the end of,意思是“最后,最终”。 In the end,he passed the exam. 最后,他通过了考试。 at the end of与in the end的区别: 都表示“最后,最终”的意思,但at the end后面必须加of,而in the end的后面不用加of。 They beat Class 3 in the end. 最后,他们打败了三班。 At the end of the meeting,she said nothing. 在会议的最后,她什么也没说。 与end相关的短语还有by the end of,意为“到……末为止”,一般与完成时态连用。 By the end of last week,my father hadn’t come back. 到上周末为止,我爸爸还没有回来。 例题探究: (1)The boss made the workers________ their jobs from day to night. A.did B.do C.doing D.to do (2)What he said_________her wife very happy. A.let B.have C.make D.made 2c Role play the conversation about the invention of the potato chip.Use the information from the activities above. 用上面活动中的信息,角色表演关于薯条发明的对话。 3a Read the article and write answers to the questions.读文章并写出问题的正确答案。 Who invented tea?谁发明了茶? 好句共享: 1.Did you know that tea,the most popular drink① in the world (after water),was invented by accident②? 你知道茶,世界上最受欢迎的饮料(继水之后)的发明纯属偶然吗? 不同的“喝” drink tea/wine,beer, milk, coffee, and so on喝茶(酒、啤酒、牛奶、咖啡等) eat soup喝汤 take medicine喝药 例题探究: He could get this good grades ________. A.by mistakes B.by accident C.by a mistake D by accidents 2.Although③ tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610,this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. 尽管茶直到1610年才被引入西方社会,这种饮料在那之前的3000多年前就被发现了。 (1)这个句子运用了not...until(直到……才)结构,在这个结构中,until的后面一般跟表示时间的词或者句子。 He didn’t begin to write his homework until 8:00. 他直到8:00才开始写作业。 (2)over=more than,意思是“多于,超过”。 3.According to④ an ancient Chinese legend,the emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when he was boiling⑤ drinking water over⑥ an open fire. 根据一个古老的中国传说,神农皇帝在火堆上烧水时发现了茶。 4.The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. 皇帝注意到水中的叶子散发出令人愉快的味道。 pleasant,pleased与pleasure的区别: pleasant形容词,意思是“令人愉快的,满意的”,一般作定语修饰物,当主语是物的时候,也可以作表语。 It is very pleasant to have a cup of tea after dinner. 饭后喝一杯茶是很愉快的。 pleased形容词,表示“自己感到高兴的,欣喜的,满意的”,一般用作表语,常与不定式、介词短语或从句连用,说明原因,它的主语应该是人。 The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. 这两个朋友再次见面感到非常高兴。 pleasure名词,意思是“高兴,娱乐”时是不可数名词;意思是“乐趣,高兴的事”时是可数名词,在口语中常用作客套语。 It is a pleasure to meet you again. 再次见到你很高兴。 5.Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. 后来他决定尝一下这种热的混合物。 decide是动词,意为“决定”,decide to do sth.意思是“决定去做某事”。 3b Write an article using the notes in the box. 用表格中的提示写一篇文章。 From pie plate to flying disk从馅饼盘到飞碟 4a Think of something that you don’t like doing.Then think of an invention that could help you.Write the details in the chart. 想一些你不喜欢做的事情,然后想一件能够帮助你的发明,在表格中写上具体的内容。 4b Imagine you are a businessperson.Ask your partner questions about his or her invention.Then try to sell your partner’s invention to the class. 假设你是一个商人。问你的同伴关于他或者她的发明的问题。 然后努力把你同伴的发明卖给你们班的同学。 This special pen was invented by Zheng Jie. 这枝特殊的钢笔是郑洁发明的。 SELF CHECK 1.Fill in the blanks with the words given.Then make your own sentences with the words. 用所给的单词填空,然后用这些单词造句。 2. Find out when these things were invented,and then write paragraphs about them. 弄清这些东西是什么时间发明的,然后写关于它们的几段话。 abacus算盘 umbrella伞 binoculars望远镜 camera照相机 bicycle自行车 Just for Fun!小笑话! A battery-operated tennis racket. 一个电池控制的网球拍子。 Reading:Do you know when basketball was invented? 你知道篮球是什么时候发明的吗? Section 1 1a List eight sports played in China. 列举中国的八种运动。 1b How popular is each sport?Rank them [1-8]in order of popularity. 每项运动受欢迎程度如何?将它们按照受欢迎程度的次序从[1~8]排列等级。 Section 2 Learning Strategy阅读策略 MIND-MAPPING头脑映像图 Use① mind-mapping to remember information.To make a mind- map,change② the information you read into a colorful“picture of words”.The brain recalls“pictures”more easily than written information③. 用头脑映像图来记忆信息。为形成一个头脑映像,把你读到的信息转换成彩色的“单词图片”。大脑回忆“图片”要比回忆书面信息更加容易。 好句共享: 1.The much-loved④ and active sport is enjoyed by all,for fun and exercise. 这项深受人们喜爱的活跃的运动被所有人喜欢,既为了有趣又为了锻炼身体。 (1)much-loved复合形容词,意为“深受喜爱的”。 Football is much-loved by Americans. 足球受到美国人的喜爱。 2.The sport of basketball is a little⑤ more than a hundred years old. 篮球运动有一百多年的历史了。 (1)a little“一点”修饰比较级表程度。 e.g.He is a little older than me. 他比我大一点。 3. Knocking into⑥ players and falling down⑦ would be dangerous. 撞在选手身上而摔倒将会很危险。 4. It is believed that⑧ on December 21th,1891,the first basketball game in history was played. 据信在1891年12月21日,举行了历史上第一次篮球比赛。 5. Since then⑨,the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide. 自从那时起篮球运动就在世界范围普及开来。 Section 3 3a Complete the mind map with information for the reading. 用文章中的信息来完成这个头脑映像图。 3b Without reading the article again,use what you remember from the mind map to answer the following questions. 不用再读这篇文章,用上你头脑映像图中所记住的东西来回答下列问题。 1.Who invented basketball? 2.Why were the Berlin Olympics important for basketball? 3.What is the aim of basketball? 4.Name a professional basketball organization in America. Section 4 Go For It!达成目标! Would you like to play on China’s national basketball team one day? Make a list of good things and difficult things about being a basketball player. 你想某一天在中国国家篮球队打球吗?列举出成为一名篮球队员的好处和困难。 1a invent动词,发明, 编造,虚构 invention名词,发明(不可数);发明物(可数) inventor名词,发明者,创造者 discover与invent的区别 discover“发现”,指发现的对象是本来存在的,invent发明,发明的对象是以前没有的新东西,如工具、手段或方法。 例题解答: A 因为句子的意思是说“第一台电脑在1945年被发明”,应该用被动语态,所以排除C、D两个选项。电脑是原来没有的,不能用discover。 理论上讲,被动语态的时态可以有12种,但实际常用的时态只有左表中的8种。被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时,必要时可用完成时态和一般时态代替。 1c 这是一个I think that...的主从复合句,句中省略了that,宾语从句的时态不受think的限制,可以使用任何需要的时态,不过that从句若为否定句,通常否定句转移到主句中,即:I don’t think...。 例题解答: I don’t think the students have finished the homework. 2c be used for是固定短语,意思是“被用作”,实际上应用了被动语态。我们应该记住的是for是介词,后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词。 It is used for cleaning the table. 那是用来擦桌子的。 例题解答: (1)This thing is used for making dumplings. (2)A be used for“被用作”,这个短语中的for是个介词,后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词。所以应该用see的动名词形式seeing。 (3)They usedn’t to visit us. (4)一般疑问句: Used it to rain here in summer? Did it use to rain here in summer? 否定句: It usedn’t to rain here in summer. It didn’t use to rain here in summer. 例题解答: B 这句话的意思是“为了使我们的城市更美丽,垃圾不能被扔进河里”。此句是含有情态动词的被动语态否定句。needn’t(不必要),mustn’t(不应该,表示禁止)。 3a alarm clock闹钟 light bulb电灯泡 microwave oven微波炉 3b helpful是一个双音节单词,其最高级须在词前加the most,句子中的the most helpful就是用了helpful的最高级形式,helpful是help的形容词,意思是“有益的,有帮助的”,反义词是helpless。 4 ①I’d like to=I would like to=I want to,意思是“我想要干……”,只不过would是情态动词。此外,would like的后面也可以直接跟名词或代词,意思是“想要某物”。 Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗? ②listen to与hear的区别: listen to的意思是“听……”,侧重于“听”的动作、过程,而不强调听到的结果是什么;hear的意思是“听见,听到”,它与listen to正好相反,它侧重的是“结果”。 I tried my best to listen to what he said,but I heard nothing. 我尽最大的努力去听他说的话,但什么也没听到。 ③all day是固定短语,意思是“整天”,all day and all night是短语,意思是“日日夜夜”。 He tried his best to study that machine all day and all night. 他日日夜夜地研究那台机器。 1a答案: potato chips:crispy salty lemon:sour sweet ice cream:sweet tea:sweet 2a ①potato chips是短语,意思是“薯条”,potato和chips都是名词,这叫做“名词修饰名词”,第一个名词一般需要用原形。 a dolphin show 一场海豚表演 a computer programmer电脑程序设计师 ②在by mistake中,mistake是名词。但mistake还是一个动词,意思是“弄错,误解”,它的形容词是mistaken。 I mistook her for her sister. 我把她错认成了她的妹妹。 与mistake相关的一个重要短语是make a mistake“犯错误”。 He made a few mistakes in his homework. 他的作业中出了几处错误。 ③make是个使役动词,后面如果出现动词的话,需要用动词原形。 make的后面还可以跟形容词作宾语补足语。 例题解答:[来源:学。科。网] (1)B make的后面应该跟动词原形。 (2)D 虽然let,have,make都是使役动词,但make后面可以跟形容词作宾语补足语。 3a答案: 1.The article is about the invention of tea. 2.It was invented over three thousand years ago. 3.It was invented by the Chinese emperor,Shen Nung. 4.It was invented by accident. ①drink动词,“喝,饮”的意思。动词过去式是drank,过去分词是drunk。在这个句子中它是名词,常用作复数,“饮料”的意思。 ②by accident意思是“偶然地, 意外地, 无意中地”。 I knew her by accident. 我认识她纯属偶然。 例题解答: B 这句话的意思是“他能取得这么好的成绩纯属偶然”。by accident意思是“偶然地, 意外地, 无意中地”。 ③although是连词,用来连接主从复合句,表示让步关系,意思是“虽然,尽管”,用了although就不能再用but,就像用了because不能再用so一样。 ④according to意思是“根据,依照,视……而定”。 According to the radio, there will be snow tomorrow. 据天气预报说,明天会下雪。 ⑤boil是动词,意思是“煮沸,在沸水中煮”。它的形容词是boiling,意思是“沸腾的,极热的”。 ⑥over与on的区别: over与on都有“在……上”的意思,over表示“某物在另一物的上方”,二者不接触;而on则强调二者之间有接触。 There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有本书。 The plane flew over our heads just now. 飞机刚从我们头顶上飞过。 3b答案: The flying disk was invented by college students in the 1950s.They used a metal pie plate from bakery Bridgeport,Connecticut.Students ate the bakery’s pies then threw the pie plates.Today,there are flying disk clubs,magazines and a festival. 4b special形容词,“特殊的,特别的” Is there anything special in today’s newspapers? 今天报上有什么特殊消息吗? 1b答案: 1.sweet 2.salty 3.sour 4.crispy 2提示: umbrella:about 4 000 years ago in Assyria,China and Egypt binoculars:1854 Ignatio Porro in Italy camera:1827 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce who took the first picture bicycle:1880s in England 询问的是现在知道与否,用一般现在时态,篮球的发明时间是一般过去时态。 1b in order of popularity按受欢迎程度的次序,popularity是popular的名词。 ①use something to do something用某物来干某事 He uses lift to go up and down. 他用电梯来上下楼。 ②change...into...把……变成…… Water can be changed into ice. 水可以变成冰。 ③书面信息 ④much-loved及mind-mapping都属于合成词—构词法的一种。 ⑤还有a bit,a lot,much,even,by far等来修饰比较级,表程度。 ⑥knock into someone撞在某人身上 ⑦fall down跌倒 ⑧像这种表达方式还有:It is said that据说,It is supposed that据推测,It is taken that人们认为。 ⑨since then“自从那时起”,一般用于完成时态。 3b答案: 1.James Naismith 2.Because since then,the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide. 3.Getting a ball into the “basket”. 4.NBA(National Basketball Ass ociation) Section 4答案: Good things:
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