上课用增译减译法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,大家好,*,1,第四讲 增词译法和省词译法,Amplification,Omission,大家好,2,前提,做法,目的,动因,增词译法,暗含,v.s.,明示,准确理解原文,加词,忠实、流畅、准确、地道、通顺、有表现力和清楚地再现原文信息,语系、历史、文化背景差异,省词译法,形合,v.s.,意合,同上,减词,忠实、顺畅、简洁、精炼、印象深刻地再现原文信息,同上,大家好,3,增词：,A book,tight shut,is but a block of paper.,一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。,一本书，,如果,紧紧合上,不读,，只是一叠纸。,一本书，,如果,紧紧合上,而不读,，只是一叠,废,纸。,(,闲置之书只是一叠,废,纸。,),大家好,4,增词：,名词词形与使用,A)Flowers,bloom all over the yard.,朵朵,鲜花开满了庭院,B)The lion is the king of,animals,.,狮是,百,兽之王,C),The mountains,began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.,群山,开始向山谷投下,一道道,蔚蓝色的长影。,大家好,5,省词：,John got up vary early in the morning.He put on,his,jacket,(his),trousers,and,(his),shoes,sat down,at,(his),desk and began to do,his,homework.,清晨约翰起得很早。他穿上夹克、裤子和鞋子，就在书桌那里坐下来开始做家庭作业。,试比较：清晨约翰起得很早。他穿上,他的,夹克、裤子和鞋子，就在书桌那里坐下来开始做,他的,家庭作业。,大家好,6,省词：,e.g.I drank some ice tea,but,it made me,more thirsty.,Version A:,我喝了一些冰茶，但它却使我更渴了。,Version B:,我喝了一些冰茶，,却更渴了。,大家好,7,A)Success is often just an idea away.,B)Away flies the arrow!,C)We are looking forward with interest to your reply.,D)A,gentleman will die for one who appreciates his worth while,a,woman will beautify herself for one who attracts her.,课堂思考与练习,1,试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量的增减。,大家好,8,A)Success is often just an idea away.,成功往往只是一个念头的距离。,成功往往只是一念之差。,成功,与否,往往只是一念之差。,成,败,往往在于,一念之间,。,课堂思考与练习,1,参考译文 试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量的增减。,大家好,9,B)Away flies the arrow!,箭飞走了！,箭,嗖的一声,飞走了！,嗖,，箭飞走了！,大家好,10,C),We,are looking forward,with interest,to your reply.,我们带着极大的兴趣盼望贵方的答复。,盼复。,D),A,gentleman will die for one who appreciates his worth while,a,woman will beautify herself for one who attracts her.,士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。,大家好,11,增词译法与省词译法,在准确理解原文的基础上在译文中添加必要词语或省略一些词语以便忠实再现原文信息和在译文中进行通顺表达的翻译方法。,原则：增词不能蛇足，减词不能损意（王宏印，,2002,：,174,）,大家好,12,课堂思考与练习,2,1,、判断以下说法的正误并改正。,1,）增词译法就是在译文中随意添加词语的翻译技巧。,2,）减省译法省略的词语都是原文中不重要的词语。,3,）增译法和省译法都是目的语友善的归化译法。,4,）增译即是增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些部分；省译即是要确保在译文中虽无其词但有其意。,2,、判断以下译文是否属于增译或省译法并说明理由和改进。,大家好,13,Ladies Room Ladies,Cf.Mens Room Men,大家好,14,Automatic Flush,大家好,15,来也匆匆，去也冲冲,Come in Hurry,Go in Hurry,Flush after Use,Come in a Rush,Leave with a Flush,大家好,16,One small step forward,one giant leap for civilian,Step Closer,大家好,17,Specialist Clinic,大家好,18,Amplification,增词译法,Semantic,语义,(Clearer,smoother,Idiomatic),Structural/Syntactic,句法,Rhetoric,修辞,大家好,19,语义性增补,Semantic amplification,1.,Amplification by supplying verbs,nouns,adj,adv,numerals,plural forms of,nouns,unit words,category words,etc.,For example:,*,增加名词,Wash,before meal.,饭前洗,手,.,He never,smokes or drinks,.,他从不吸,烟,，也不喝,酒,。,He has greater interest in novels than,in poetry.,他对小说的兴趣比对诗的,兴趣,大。,大家好,20,*,增加动词,In the evening,after the,banquets,the,concerts,and the,table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.,晚上在,参加,宴会、,出席,音乐会、,观看,乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。,大家好,21,The wealth of students talent,application and industry are currently being wasted on,diplomas and degrees,that no one wants to know about,（卢红梅，,2006,，,p36).,学生们的天赋、专心和勤奋现在正被浪费在,攻读,一些无人感兴趣的文凭和学位课程上。,大家好,22,*,增加范畴词,In E-C,，,we usually translate abstract nouns into concrete nouns by adding category words,such as“,化”、“性”、“论”、“品”、“度”等。如：,abstraction,抽象,化,necessity,必要,性,relativity,相对,论,intensity,强,度,preparation,准备,工作,tension,紧张,状态,大家好,23,administration,管理,部门,application,使用,场合,computation,计算,技术,damage,破坏,情况,imagination,想象,力,jealousy,嫉妒,心理,大家好,24,*,增加概括词,Amplification by supplying words of generalization.,They talked about,inflation,unemployment,financial investment and environmental protection.,他们谈到了通货膨胀、失业、金融投资以及环境保护,等问题,。,China and Great Britain,arrived at an agreement on exchange students.,中英双方,就两国之间,交换留学生问题达成了一项协议。,大家好,25,*,增加量词,A,）,Shakespeare was,a well-known playwright,in the history of English literature.,莎士比亚是英国文学史上,一位,著名的剧作家。,大家好,26,*,增加副词,The crowds,melted away,.,人群,渐渐,散开了。,He,poured out,his tale of misfortunes.,他,滔滔不绝地,诉说,/,一古脑地,讲诉,/,倾诉了自己的不幸遭遇。,大家好,27,*,增加表达复数概念的词：重叠词、数词等,The judge let him off with,warnings,not to cause trouble.,法官对他,再三,提出警告不得重新作案，然后把他释放。,Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from,losses,that many dangers may cause.,货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的,种种,损失。,大家好,28,2.,Amplification by supplying words in the TL text that can indicate,the verb tenses,in the SL text,增加因汉语语法无法表达的时态,虚词（如正、在、着、了、过）或时间短语（如过去、现在、将来、那天、当时、到目前、一直）,Cotton,is falling,in price,and the buyers,hold off,.,棉花,正在,跌价，买主们都,在,持币观望。,Inflation,was,and still,is,the No.1 problem of that country.,通货膨胀,过去,是，,现在,仍然是该国的首要问题。,We can learn what we,did not,learn.,我们能够学会我们,过去,/,原来,/,以往,不懂的东西。,大家好,29,3.,Amplification by supplying,background information,Le Monde,the BBC,the New York Times,the entire Arab press all quote Heikal at length.,法国的,世界报，,英国,广播公司，,美国的,纽约时报，以及整个阿拉伯报界都大篇幅地引用海克尔的话。,The blond boy quickly,crossed himself,.,那个金发小男孩立刻,在胸前划十字祈求上帝保佑,。,Nixon learned that Ceausescu would welcome,a,presidential visit.,尼克松了解到，齐奥塞斯库欢迎,美国总统访罗,。,大家好,30,Not all mergers,however,are the result of global economic trends,political change or technological innovation.,BMWs,takeover of the Rover Group injected much needed investment into the struggling UK car manufacturer whilst extending BMWs product range.,然而，并非所有的合并都是经济全球化趋势、政治变化或者技术革新所带来的结果。,德国宝马汽车公司,接管了罗福汽车集团，给这个在挣扎中求生存的英国汽车制造公司注入了急需的资金，同时又拓展了宝马汽车公司本身的产品范围。,大家好,31,三个臭皮匠，顶个,诸葛亮,。,Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang,the master mind,.,班门,弄斧,Showing off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban,the master carpenter,.,大家好,32,Every family is said to have at least,one skeleton in the cupboard.,俗话说，壁橱里面藏骷髅，,见不得人的事,家家有。,Advice and correction roll off him,like water off a ducks back.,规劝对他好象水过鸭背,不起作用,。,大家好,33,B.,结构性增补,Syntactic,Amplification,1,Amplification by supplying words,omitted,in the source language text.,We dont retreat,we,never have and never will.,我们不后退，我们从没有,后退过,，将来也决不会,后退,。,A government,of and by and for,the exploiting class cannot possibly survive.,一个由,剥削阶级,所占有，由,剥削阶级,所组成，并为,剥削阶级,服务的政府是不可能存在下去的。,大家好,34,Matter can be changed into energy,and,energy into matter,.,物质可以转化成能量，能量也,可以转化,成物质。,Courage in excess becomes,foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift avarice.,勇敢过度,即成,蛮勇，感情过度,即成,溺爱，节俭过度,即成,贪婪。,Dont you want Mr.Smith to be your tutor?,Yes,of course,.,你不想让史密斯先生当你的导师吗？我当然,想,。,大家好,35,B.,句法性增补,Syntactic Amplification,2.Amplification by supplying,what is implied structurally,in the SL text,The strongest man can not alter the law of nature.,即使,最强壮的人也不能改变自然法则。,More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially.,如果,测试更为彻底，也许一开始就能找出故障。,大家好,36,Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.,准备工作完成不了，,那可怎么办,？,The financing of the sale often involves bills of exchange and documentary credits.,商品买卖的货款收付情况体现在汇票,或,跟单信用证中。,大家好,37,Since air has weight,it exerts force on any object immersed in it.,因为空气具有重量，,所以,处在空气中的任一物体都会受到空气的作用力。,At the time of Kennedys assassination,Kissinger felt that,a second term would have led either to greatness or disaster.,在肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为,假如,肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功就是闯大祸。,大家好,38,C.,修辞性增补,Rhetorical Amplification,1,）增加语气词,Dont take it seriously.Its only a joke.,不要认真,嘛,！我不过开开玩笑,罢了,。,Their host carved,poured,server,cut bread,talked,laughed,proposed health.,他们的主人又是割,呀,，又是倒,呀,，又是布菜,呀,，又是切面包呀，又是谈,呀,，又是笑,呀,，又是敬酒,呀,，忙个不停。,You are only young once.At the time it seems endless,and is gone in a flash;and then for a long time you are old.,人的一生只能年轻一次，年轻时总觉得时间无限，而失去就在瞬间，而后,呢,，就要在漫长的岁月中度过晚年。,大家好,39,We think we have freed our slaves,but we have not.We just call them by a different name.,我们自以为奴隶已经解放了，实际上并没有。我们不过用一种不同的名字来称呼他们,罢了,。,He adored that girl who had just gone out.,他,一心,恋着刚走出去的那个女孩。,Crafty men condemn studies,simple men admire them,and wise men use them;for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by observation.(Francis Bacon),有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，,惟,明智之士用读书，然而并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。,大家好,40,2,）增加四字对偶词组或叠词,But there had been,too much publicity,about my case.,但我的事那时已经搞得,满城风雨,，,人人皆知,了。,The manager was a,nervous anxious little,man,always ready to cry wolf if the shop takings went down a pound or two.,经理是个,身材矮小,、,神经过敏,、,焦虑不安,的人。只要商店营业收入下降一两镑，他就要大喊大叫。,大家好,41,How do you translate the following?,Even the most complicated computer man has yet built cant compare in intricacy,（复杂）,with the brain.Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions.Whats more,the computer switch is just an on-off device,whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex structure.,大家好,42,即便人类现今研制出的最复杂的电脑，其复杂,程度,也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是,成千上万,，而不是,上百亿、上千亿,。更重要的是，电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置，而人脑细胞本身却有着极其复杂的内部结构。,大家好,43,Omission,省词译法,Structural/Syntactic,结构性减省,Rhetorical,修辞性减省,大家好,44,Two Types of Omission,1.Syntactic Omission,句法性减省,differences at both word and sentence level,2.Rhetorical Omission,修辞性减省,differences in the way of expressing,e.g.:the source language-more indispensable,natural while the target language superfluous,unnatural,redundant,wordy.,大家好,45,They,had ground him beneath their heel,they,had taken the best of him,they,had murdered his father,they,had broken and wrecked his wife,they,had crushed his whole family.,他们把他踩在脚下，压得粉碎，他们榨干了他的精髓，害死了他的父亲，摧残了他的妻子，毁灭了他的全家。,He put,his,hands into,his,pockets and then shrugged,his,shoulders.,他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。,When the students finished all the books,they,had brought,they,opened the lunch and ate it.,学生们看完了随身带的书，就打开饭盒吃起来。,大家好,46,Structural Omission,：,1.,冠词省译,1.,The,sun rises,in,the,east,and,sets,in,the,west.,太阳东边升起西边落。,2.,The,policeman asked,the,driver to describe,the,accident in greater detail.,警察要求司机把事故经过讲得更详细些。,3.,The,little boy pretended like,a,man.,小男孩假装大人。,大家好,47,Syntactic Omission,：,2.,介词省译,1.The students from Guangzhou live,at,home while the others live,in,the dormitory.,广州的同学住家里，其他同学住宿舍。,2.Now complaints are heard,in,all parts,of,that country.,该国各地目前怨声载道。,3.The Peoples Republic of China was founded,in,1949.,1949,年中华人民共和国成立。,大家好,48,Syntactic Omission,：,3.,代词省译,人称代词、反身代词、关系代词,1.In Japan it is rude to blow,your,nose and as in China,rude to leave,your,chopsticks standing up in a bowl of rice.,在日本，擤鼻子很不文雅。而在中国，将筷子竖直插在饭碗里是很不恰当的。,2.All the fellows gathered around,stretching,their,necks like geese.,所有的小伙子都聚拢来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。,大家好,49,3.“You must finish,your,homework before,you,go out to play,”said Mum to Tom.,母亲对汤姆说：“你必须做完家庭作业后，才可以出去玩。,4.How do atoms arrange,themselves,in solid?,原子在固体中是如何排列的？,大家好,50,5.When deeply absorbed in work,which,he,often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.,他经常聚精会神地工作,往往废寝忘食,.,6.If,you,want to kill a snake,you,must hit,it,first on the head and if,you,want to catch a band of robbers,you,must first catch,their,leader.,打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。,大家好,51,Syntactic Omission,：,4.,非人称代词“,It”,的省译,形式主语、形式宾语、时空和天气概念,1.,It,is only shallow people who judge by appearances.,只有浅薄的人才以貌取人。,2.He took,it,upon himself to pay off the debt.,他自愿负责还清债务。,大家好,52,3.,It,was just growing dark,as she shut the garden gate.,她关院子门时，天黑了。,4.,It,looks like rain.Youd better go home now.,好象要下雨了。你回去吧。,大家好,53,Syntactic Omission,：,5.,连词,省译,并列连词、从属连词,(,因果连词、条件连词、时间连词等,),1.He looked gloomy,and,troubled.,他看上去有些忧郁不安。,2.,If,winter comes,can spring be far behind?,冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,大家好,54,3.,Just like,the ever-changing weather,peoples life is unpredictable.,天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。,4.Lets think of a situation,where,this idiom can be used.,我们来想一个可以使用这个习语的场合。,大家好,55,5.,As,it was already rather dark,we decided to stop at the temple for the night.,天已经很黑了，我们决定在庙里过夜。,6.,When,the masses are of one heart,everything becomes easy.,群众齐心协力了，一切事情就好办了。,众人一条心，其力可断金。,大家好,56,Syntactic Omission,：,6.,动词省译,1.When the pressure,gets,low,the boiling point,becomes,low.,气压低，沸点就低。,2.Thirty years ago,concern for environmental issues,was restricted to,small groups of scientists.,三十年前只有少数科学家关注环境问题。,大家好,57,3.The representatives of the two sides have now agreed on the proposals,put forward,by the coordinator.,双方代表（已）一致同意协调人的方案。,4.These developing countries,cover,vast territories,comprise,a large population and,abound in,natural resources.,这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。,大家好,58,Rhetoric Omission,：,1.,原文重复词语或意义的省译,University postgraduate applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference,over those who had not.,报考大学硕士生的人，有工作经验的优先录取。,The crowd was pushing harder.Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move,in any direction,.,人群越挤越厉害，夹在当中的人被挤得动弹不得。,大家好,59,Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as,pathogenic,or,disease-producing.,能引起疾病的细菌称为,致病菌,。,The,late,Mrs Achson had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930.,亚马逊太太,大约是在,1930,年,升天的,。,大家好,60,“Remember:you are not any old,Tom,Dick or Harry,giving his opinion.Youre a man who was went as a representative of the British Government.”,“,你要记住，你不是一个,普普通通的老百姓,，可以随便发表意见。你是英国政府派出的代表。”,Its essential that the,mechanic or technician,understands well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells.,重要的是，,技术人员,要深入了解电池电路的特性和连接电池的正确方法。,大家好,61,Rhetoric Omission,：,2.,不言而喻的词语的省略,For our part,we fully realized that to avoid the possibility of any further ceasefire violations,the troops must be withdrawn.,我们充分认识到，要避免可能再一次违反停火协议，就必须撤军。,Could you help me,in any way,?,你能帮帮我吗？,We should never take advantage of someone,who,is in trouble,.,我们不能乘人之危。,大家好,62,The agreement in question calls for your working out business to,the amount of,$500000.,该协议书要求你们做成,50,万美元的业务。,Every time people reach a status,in life,they seem to take pride,in the fact,that they now have a secretary.,每当人们上升到一定的地位时，他们似乎以有一名秘书而感到自豪。,There was no snow,the leaves were gone,from the trees,the grass was dead.,天未下雪，但已叶落草枯。,大家好,63,It is not wrong to enjoy your work and your leisure when you can afford to support yourself.,The worker,who had carefully read through the instruction before running the new machine,couldnt produce satisfactory products.,I wish to write an article that will attract public attention to the moral education.,That was how they were defeated by us.,课堂思考与练习,3,一、试用减省译法翻译以下句子。,大家好,64,不错，当你有能力养活自己时，可以享受工作及悠闲的乐趣。（,It,及,you,未译）,虽然工人在运行新机器之前已从头到尾仔细阅读了说明书，但仍不能生产出令人满意的产品。（三个,the,及,products,的复数未译）,我想写一篇文章以引起公众对道德教育的重视。（,that,和,the,未译）,我们就是这样打败他们的。（,That,未译）,参考译文,大家好,65,课堂思考与练习,3,二、判断以下译文正误并改进。,大家好,66,大家好,67,一次性卫生杯,Disposable cup,Disposable gloves/razors/nappies/chopsticks,大家好,68,大家好,69,Disposable Goods,大家好,70,大家好,71,Cashier,Cash Desk,Cash Counter,大家好,72,大家好,73,Fried Free-range Chicken,Fried Free-Range Egg,大家好,74,大家好,75,Fanta,Orange Juice,Regular Coke,Regular Sprite,Regular Fanta,大家好,76,A joke:The President,One evening,my girlfriend said she had to break our date to attend a Pep Club meeting.Attempting to get her to skip the meeting,I asked,“What does a Pep Club do,anyway?”,“I dont know,”she replied.,“Well,if you dont know what the club does,”I said,“why bother going?”,大家好,77,“I have to,”she exclaimed.“Im the president!”,注：,Pep Club,指父母有效计划俱乐部。,Pep,的全称是,Parent Effectiveness Program.,大家好,78,会议主席,一,天,晚上，我的女朋友说她必须取消我们的约会，要去参加,Pep,俱乐部的会议。我想让她不要参加这个会议，,于是,问道：“这个,Pep,俱乐部（省略了,“,a”,）是干什么的（省略了,“,anyway”,）？”,“不知道。”她回答。,“噢，既然你不了解这家俱乐部是干什么的，那你为何要去,开会呢,？”,“我不得不去。”她大声说，“我是会议主席（省去了,“,the”,！”,大家好,结束,大家好,79,