实用英语语法教程标点符号-.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,（,1,）用于陈述句或语气不太强烈的祈使句末尾。,例如：,A friend in need is a friend in deed.,谚,患难朋友才是真朋友。,Lets go to the movies.,咱们去看电影吧。,Do e-mail me to let me know how things are going.,一定要发电子邮件告诉我事情的进展情况。,1.,句号的用法,1,（,2,）用于某些缩略词之后。例如：,Dr.(Doctor),医生，博士,Prof.(Professor),教授,M.A.(Master of Arts),文科硕士,Dec.(December),十二月,【,注,】,当代英语中，有些缩略词后的圆点常可省略，,具体按习惯而定。,（,3,）用于不期待对方回答，表面形式是疑问句的句子,（这种句子实质上表示请求、规劝等意义，并非提出疑问）。例如：,2,Will you please return this book as soon as possible.,请尽快归还此书。,May I hear from you at your earliest convenience.,请在方便时尽早回信。,3,2.,逗号的用法,（,1,）用于分隔句子中并列的平行成分。,例如：,Information resources must be correct,timely,concise,and comprehensive.,信息资源必须准确、及时、精炼、全面。,She read all kinds of books,ancient and modern,Chinese and foreign.,她看了各种各样的书，古今中外的都有。,“,I have seen neither the camel,nor the cargo,4,nor the jewels,”insisted the Arab.,那个阿拉伯人坚持说：“我既没见过那头骆驼，,又没见过那些货物，也没见过那些珠宝。”,The professor entered the classroom,opened his,notebook,and began his lecture.,教授走进教室，打开手提电脑，开始讲课。,（,2,）分隔并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的独立分句。,The bell ran on and on,and Tom was still,reluctant to get out of bed.,铃声响了又响，汤姆还是不想起床。,We must leave now,or we will miss the plane.,5,我们必须马上动身，否则就赶不上飞机了。,I dont want to stay here this summer,nor will I go to any noisy city.,今年暑假我不想呆在这里，也不想去任何一个喧闹的城市。,如果相连的两个句子结构比较简单，可以不用逗号,.,John was busy cooking but Mary was playing the piano.,约翰在忙着做饭，玛丽在弹钢琴。,The work is pleasant and the hours are short.,工作不错，工时又短。,（,3,）状语从句或作状语的短语位于句首时，一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。例如：,6,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,7,Although it was raining,we went to the park.,虽然下雨，我们还是去了公园。,If youre ever in London,come and look me up.,一旦你到伦敦，可得来看我。,In spite of their good intentions,most parents do not,really understand their children.,许多家长虽然好心，但他们并不真正了解自己的孩子。,（,4,）用于分隔非限制性定语从句、同位语或附加,说明的词语。,That summer,she went to Wuhan,where her husband worked.,那年夏天她去了武汉，她丈夫在那儿工作。,8,Tom,my elder brother,advised me to take more exercise.,我哥哥汤姆劝我要多运动。,I have to get up early,particularly on Sundays.,我必须早起，尤其是星期日。,（,5,）用于分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句。例如：,Tom didnt take the job,did he?,汤姆没有接受这份工作，是吧,?,Which pencil do you prefer,the red one or the blue one?,你更喜欢哪支铅笔，红的还是蓝的？,（,6,）用于分隔直接引语和引述句。例如：,She said,“I am ready.”,她说：“我准备好了。”,9,“,Only a fool,”he said,“would continue like that.”,他说道：“只有傻瓜才会那样干下去。”,（,7,）用于分隔分词短语和句子的主要部分。例如：,George,seeing his brother was hurt,ran to help him.,乔治看到弟弟受伤了，就过去帮他。,Bored with his work,he thought of going home early.,他干烦了，想早点回家。,（,8,）用于分隔作状语的独立结构。例如：,She suddenly appeared at the door,a bunch of flowers in her hand.,她突然出现在门口，手中拿着一束花。,10,The ceremony over,we went back home.,仪式结束之后，我们就回家了。,Such being the case,the conference was put off for three days.,鉴于这样的情况，会议推迟了三天。,9,）用于分隔作独立成分、评注性状语或连接性状语等的词语。例如：,We were,believe it or not,in love with each other.,信不信由你，我们当时在相爱。,My father,however,was determined to continue.,不过,我父亲决心继续下去。,11,（,10,）用于日期或地址等。例如：,The conference is scheduled for Friday,September 1,2006.,会议定于,2006,年,9,月,1,日周五举行。,My address is 122 Ninghai Road,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China.,我的地址是中国江苏南京宁海路,122,号。,The quotation is from Chapter 2,page 46,line 8,of the second volume.,该引文出自第,2,卷第,2,章第,46,页第,8,行。,（,11,）用于分隔呼语或用于信件和电子邮件的称呼语（美国用法中多用冒号）或末尾客套语之后。例如：,12,Charles,are we going climbing this weekend?,查尔斯，我们周末去爬山吗？,Dear Dr.Smith(,英国,),/Dear.Dr Smith(,美国,),：,亲爱的史密斯博士：,Yours sincerely(,英国,),，,/Sincerely yours(,美国,),，,你忠实的，,（,12,）用于,yes,no,oh,excuse me,sorry,和,well,等之后。例如：,Yes,times have changed.,是呀,时代变了。,Well,perhaps you are right.,嗯,可能你是对的。,13,3.,分号的用法,1,）用于并列分句之间，替代并列连词,and,but,or,等。例如：,Some people work best in the mornings;others do better in the evenings.,有些人早上工作效率高，另外一些人晚上工作效率较高。,John is a doctor;Linda is a nurse.,约翰是医生，琳达是护士。,（,2,）常与连接性副词连用，以表明相连的两句之间的语义关系。例如：,14,Trains are too slow;hence he has decided to go by plane.,火车太慢，所以他决定坐飞机。,I dont want to go;besides,Im too tired.,我不想去，而且我太累了。,The film brought him fame;moreover,it brought him money.,这部影片使他出了名，也使他发了财。,（,3,）分隔已有逗号的并列成分，以避免歧义。例如：,On the committee are quite a few well known people,for example,Professor Zhang,an expert in economics;Dr.Wang,President of the Medical,15,University;and Mr.Li,Editor in Chief of the local evening paper.,该委员会中有许多知名人士，如经济学专家张教授，医科大学校长王博士，以及当地晚报总编李先生。,Three persons were mentioned in her will:John,her brother;Martin,her nephew;and Helen,her faithful friend.,她在遗言中提到三个人：弟弟约翰，侄儿马丁，还有她最忠实的朋友海伦。,We have more knowledge,but less sense;more medicine,but less wellness.,我们知识多了，领悟力却差了；医疗发达了，健康却差了。,16,（,1,）用于列举的事物前。例如：,We visited several major cities in Europe:Paris,Lyon,London,Rome,Milan and Berlin.,我们游览了欧洲多个主要城市,:,巴黎、里昂、伦敦、米兰和柏林。,We need three kinds of support:economic,political and moral.,我们需要三种支持：经济的，政治的和道义的。,My arguments are as follows,：,我的论点如下：,4.,冒号的用法,17,My mother taught us one important rule in life:always be honest.,母亲教给我们一条重要的生活原则：永远要诚实。,Toms work is unsatisfactory:his answers are thoughtless,his spelling is careless and his writing is bad.,汤姆的作业不能令人满意：答案马虎、拼写粗心、书写潦草。,（,3,）在正式文体中可用在引述语之后。例如：,He protested:“Its not my fault that no one stays!”,他抗议道：“人全都走了，这不是我的错啊。”,In his speech he said:“All men are created equal.”,（,2,）用于说明或解释上文。例如：,18,他在发言中说道：“所有人生而平等。”,（,4,）分隔书名或文章的标题与副标题。例如：,Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook,实用文体学教程,Advertising:the Selling of a Product,广告：产品的推销,（,5,）用于时间、比赛的比分等。例如：,The concert begins at 7:30 p.m.,音乐会晚上七点半开始。,Brazil beat Scotland 3:2 in the World Cup yesterday evening.,在昨晚的世界杯赛中，巴西队以三比二击败苏格兰队。,19,（6,）在通知等应用文中，用于表示时间、地点等。例如：,Speaker:Professor Jones,演讲人：琼斯教授,Topic:Communication and Culture,题目：交流与文化,Time:3:00 p.m.,时间：下午三点,Place:Lecture Room 2,地点：第二讲演厅,20,5.,问号的用法,（,1,）用于疑问句的末尾。例如：,Have you ever been to Japan?,你去过日本吗？,I said to her,“When are you going to Beijing?”,我对她说：“你打算什么时候去北京,?”,【注】问号不用于间接问句末尾。例如：,He asked me whether I had studied Japanese at high school.,他问我上中学时有没有学过日语。,（,2,）用于陈述句末，表示疑问，此时句子用升调。例如：,21,Youre finished your work?,你工作做完了？,You mean youre also from Singapore?,你是说你也来自新加坡吗？,22,6.,引号的用法,(1),用于直接引语。例如：,Abraham Lincoln said,“You can fool all the people some of the time,and some of the people all the time,but you cannot fool all the people all the time.”,亚伯拉罕林肯说过：“你可以在某个时间里欺骗所有的人，也可以永远欺骗某些人，但你无法永远欺骗所有的人。”,(2),用于特指一个词语或表示引起注意。例如：,How do you spell the word“across”?,23,“across”,一词如何拼写？,A textbook can be a“wall”between a teacher and his class.,教科书会成为老师和班上学生之间的一堵“墙”。,（,3,）用于文章、歌曲、电影、节目等的标题。例如：,Have you read the essay“The Simple Joys of Life”in the January Readers Digest?,你读过一月号,读者文摘,上的散文,生活中的恬淡之乐,吗？,Have you seen the film“Star Wars”?,你看过,星球大战,这部影片吗？,One of my favorite poems is“A Red,Red Rose”,24,by Robert Burns.,我最喜欢的一首诗是彭斯的,红红的玫瑰,。,【,注,】,引号有单引号和双引号。英国英语多用单引号，美国英语多用双引号。当引文中又有引文或引号中又需用引号时，英国英语用单引号中套双引号的方式；美国英语则相反。例如：,The teacher asked,“Who said,Give me liberty or give me death?”,（美国）,老师问道：“谁说的不自由，毋宁死？”,25,7.,破折号的用法,(1),表示话语突然中断、意思突然转折或犹豫不决。例如：,“,Id like to,”he said,“but Im”“,我愿意，”他说，“但是我,”,I was offendedno,enraged would be more accurate.,我很生气,不，我被激怒了更准确。,Iermy cousinhad been there.,我,嗯,我表弟,到过那儿。,(2),用于插入语。例如：,26,She isyou have seen her beforeno longer what she used to be.,她,你以前见过的,现在完全变样了。,This answerif we can call it an answeris completely meaningless.,这个答案如果我们能称之为答案的话完全毫无意义。,(3),分隔同位语、解释或补充性话语。例如：,WeGeorge and Iintend to resign.,我们，即乔治和我，打算辞职。,He was a gentlemana gentleman of the old school.,他很绅士,一个老派绅士。,27,I cant come with youI have an essay to write.,我不能和你一起去,我有一篇文章要写。,(4),引出概括性词语或被强调的词语。例如：,Self respect,self knowledge,self controlthese are the three elements crucial to successful living.,自重，自知，自制,这些是成功人生的三要素。,A dozen eggs,a loaf of bread and a pound of cheeseis that all you wanted?,一打鸡蛋，一条面包和一磅奶酪,你要的就这些吗,?,In the whole world there is only one person he really admireshimself.,在整个世界上他只真正崇拜一个人,他自己。,28,(5),表示引文出处。例如：,I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweat.Winston Churchill,除了鲜血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水，我无可奉献。,温斯顿,丘吉尔,29,8.,感叹号的用法,(1),用于感叹句或感叹（词）语之后。例如：,What a vicious war!,多么邪恶的战争啊！,How nice of you to come!,你能来真是太好了！,God!I left my key in the office.,天啊！我把钥匙落在办公室了。,(2),用于祈使句，表示强烈的祈使语气。例如：,Stop probing!,别刨根问底了,!,Open the window!,打开窗户,!,30,(3),用于祝福语、口号等之后。例如：,Happy birthday to you!,祝你生日快乐！,Long live world peace!,世界和平万岁！,(4),用于其他词、短语或句子后，表示强烈的感情或引起注意。例如：,The war came to an end at last!,战争终于结束了！,Why dont you stop biting your nails!,别咬你的指甲呀,!,Help!,救命啊,!,31,（,1,）用于复合词中。例如：,father-in-law,岳父，公公,up-to-date,最新的,self-steam,自尊,mother-to-be,准妈妈,（,2,）用于表示元音的延长或说话结巴时音的重复。例如：,C-c-can you h-e-e-elp me,please?,你能,能,帮,帮我吗？,9.,连字号的用法,32,10.,撇号的用法,（,1,）用于表示名词的所有格。例如：,Everybodys business is nobodys business.,谚,大家的责任便是无责任。,/,三个和尚没水喝。,They worked without a moments rest.,他们一刻不停地工作。,(2),用于构成字母、数字的复数形式。例如：,How many 5s did you get?,你得了几个,5,分？,during the 1980s,33,在,20,世纪,80,年代,There are two ms,two ts,and two es in“committee”.,committee,里有,2,个,m,，,2,个,t,，,2,个,e,。,（,3,）用于表示字母或数字的省略。例如：,Neednt(=need not),不必,Rock n roll(=rock and roll),摇滚乐,the summer of 78(=1978)1978,年的夏天,34,（,1,）用于表示词语的省略（句尾用删节号时，加上句号共计,4,个点）。例如：,“,the book is lively and well written.”“,该书行文活泼,写得很好。”,In her diary,she wrote,“now our secret has been revealed.”,她在日记中写道：“,现在我们的秘密泄露了,”,11.,删节号的用法,35,（,2,）表示说话中断或犹豫。例如：,Let me seeI think its 83708888.,让我想想,我想是,83708888,。,Sorry for interrupting,but,对不起，打扰了，可是,Its OK.,没关系。,36,(1),用于附加资料或补充说明。例如：,This product(and I speak from long experience)is the best I have ever known.,这种产品（我是根据自己长期的经验来说的）是我所知道的最好的。,William Shakespeare(1564-1616)wrote many beautiful sonnets.,莎士比亚（,1564-1616,）写了许多优美的十四行诗。,12.,括号的用法,37,(2),用于标示数字或字母编号。例如：,He was required to take courses in(a)mathematics,(b)English,(c)history,and(d)geology.,他按要求须学习（,1,）数学，（,2,）英语，（,3,）历史，（,4,）地质学等课程。,（,3,）表示可省略的词语或可供选择的内容。例如：,It seems(to me)that he is asking too much.,（我看）他似乎问得太多了。,Please indicate the lecture(s)you would like to attend.,请注明你想去听的讲座。,38,（,1,）用于隔开可供选择的词语。例如：,Take a raincoat and/or an umbrella.,带上雨衣和（或）雨伞。,I certify that I am married/single/divorced(delete whichever does not apply).,我保证我已婚,/,未婚,/,已离婚（删掉不适用者）。,（,2,）用于表示不分行书写的诗歌的分行。例如：,Shelleys famous lines:“Oh,wind,/If winter can spring be far behind?”,雪莱的著名诗句是：“西风啊，,/,冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”,13.,斜线的用法,39,