土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-土力学词汇.doc

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土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-土力学词汇 A absorbed water 吸着水 accumulation sedimentation method 累积沉淀法 active earth pressure主动土压力Ea activity index 活性指数A adamic earth,red soil 红粘土 additional stress(pressure)of subsoil 地基附加应力（压力）sz adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象 aeolian soils 风积土 aeolotropic soil 各向异性土 air dried soils 风干土 allowable subsoil bearing capacity 地基容许承载力［s 0］ allowable settlement 容许沉降 alluvial soil 冲积土 angle between failure plane and major principal plane 破坏面与大主平面的夹角 angle of internal，external (wall) friction 内摩擦角j 、外(墙背)摩擦角 angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾 anisotropic soil 各向异性土 aquifer 含水层 aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层 area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头 artificial fills 人工填土 artificial foundation 人工地基 Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限 attitude 产状 average consolidation pressure 平均固结压力 average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率h average pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base 基底平均压力、平均附加压力p 、p0 B base tilt factor of foundation 基础倾斜系数bc、bq 、bg base tilt factors基底倾斜系数bc、bq、bg bearing capacity 承载力 bearing capacity factors 承载力系数Nc, 、Nq, 、Ng [California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比 bearing stratum 持力层 bedrock,original rock 基岩 beginning hydraulic gradient 起始水力梯度(坡降)io Biot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论 Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法 bound water 结合水(束缚水) boulder 漂石 Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论 bridge 桥梁 bridge pier 桥墩 broken stone，crushed stone 碎石 bulk modulus 体积模量 buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度d buoyant density 浮密度r¢ buoyant gravity density(unit weight) 浮重度（容重）g’ C California Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比 capillary rise 毛细水上升高度 capillary water 毛细（管）水 categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级 cementation 胶结作用 central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载） characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值fak chemical grouting 化学灌浆 circular footing 圆形基础 clay 粘土 clay content 粘粒含量 clay minerals 粘土矿物 clayey silt 粘质粉土 clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土 coarse aggregate 粗骨料 coarse-grained soils 粗粒土 coarse sand 粗砂 cobble 卵石 Code for design of building foundation 建筑地基基础设计规范 coefficient of active earth pressure 主动土压力系数Ka coefficient of passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数KP coefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数ds coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数Cc coefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数K0 coefficient of lateral pressure 侧压力系数K0 coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数 coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数 coefficient of vertical consolidation 竖向固结(压密)系数cv. coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数kh coefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数asz 、asx、asxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform round load at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数ar、 coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数at1、at2、、 coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数ac、 coefficient of vertical additional stress beneath a concentration load 集中应力系数α coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数 coefficient of volume compression 体积压缩系数mV coefficient of weathering 风化系数 cohesionless soils 无粘性土 cohesive soils 粘性土 collapsibility 湿陷性 compactibility 压实性 compaction by rolling 碾压法 compaction test 击实试验 compaction factor 压实系数lc compactness 密实度 composite ground 复合地基 compressibility 压缩性 compression index压缩指数Cc compression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量Es compression zone 受力层，压缩层 compression-curves 压缩曲线（e-p和e-logp曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度 concentrated load 集中力P [static]cone penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验 confined water head 承压水头 confining pressure ［周］围压[力] consistency 稠度 consistency limit 稠度界限 consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验 consolidated quick shear cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角ccq 、jcq consolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角ccu、jcu consolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪 consolidation curve 固结 (d-和d-logt曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降sc consolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical 限制粒径 d60 constrained modulus 侧限模量Es contact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力） contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法 Coulomb’s theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论 creep 蠕变 critical edge、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity地基承载力的临塑荷载pcr、临界荷载p1/3 p1/4、极限荷载pu critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度 critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度icr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石 culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层 cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验 D damping ratio 阻尼比l Darcy’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法 degree of compaction 压实度lc degree of consolidation 固结度U degree of saturation 饱和度Sr densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度 depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数dc、dq、dg differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤 dilatancy 剪胀性 diluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial soils 洪积土 direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土 disturbed samples 扰动土样 double layer 双电层 drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角cd、jd drained shear strength 排水抗剪强度td ［consolidated］drained triaxial［compression］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验 drift-sand 流砂［现象］ dry density 干密度rd dry gravity density (unit weight) 干重度(容重)gd dynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量Ed dynamic load 动荷载 dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验 dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验 dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量Gd dynamic strain，stress 动应变ed、动应力sd E Earth dam 土坝 Earth material 土料 earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学 earth－rock dam 土石坝 earthwork 土石方工程 eccentric load 偏心荷载 eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction 有效内摩擦角j’ effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’ effective grain size 有效粒径d10 effective stress 有效应力s’ effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径 elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗 embankments 路堤 engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图 engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘察 engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探 engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价 engineering geologic map 工程地质图 engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘 engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图 engineering geology 工程地质学 environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学 equipotential lines 等势线 excavation 开挖 excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力 excess pore water pressure (stress) 超孔隙水压力(应力) expansibility and contractility 胀缩性 expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数Ce expansive soil 膨胀土 experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数 F factor of safety 安全系数 failure strength 破坏强度 failure surface 破坏面 fault 断层 field identification 土的现场鉴别 field observation 现场观测 fill 填土 film water，film moisture 薄膜水 filter 反滤层 final settlement 最终沉降量s final settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s¥ fine sand 细砂 fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土 fissured soils 裂隙粘土 fissured water 裂隙水 flocculent structure 絮凝结构 flow line 流线 flow net 流网 fold 褶皱 flowing sand 流砂[现象] fluvial soils 冲积土 footing ，foundation 基础 foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降 fraction 粒组 free swelling ratio自由膨胀率def free water 自由水 free water elevation ，surface 地下水位 freezing method 冻结法 friction coefficient of foundation base 基底摩擦系数μ friction－resistance ratio摩阻比 frost boiling 翻浆 frozen heaving properties 冻胀性 frozen soils 冻土 G Gap－graded soil不连续级配土 General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏 generalized procedure of slices[GPS] 普通条分法 [vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc、σcz geosynthetics 土工合成材料 geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察 geotextiles 土工织物 glacial soils 冰积土 grading curve 级配曲线 grain size 粒径 grain size accumulation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度 gravel 圆砾 gravelly sand 砾砂 gravelly soils 砾类土 gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density 重［力密］度g gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙 ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数gc、gq、gg ground treatment 地基处理 ground water 地下水、潜水 ground water level [GWL],groundwater elevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位 groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学 grouting 灌浆 H half-space(semi-infinite body) 半空间（半无限体） Hansen’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式 hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度 head [of water] 水头H heavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT] 重型动力触探试验 height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h0 high liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH] 高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路 honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I hydraulic head 水头H hydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 I illite 伊利石 immediate settlement 瞬时沉降sd impermeable lager，impervious stratum 不透水层 inclined load 倾斜荷载 influence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数w、wo、wc、wm、wr initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力 initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量Ei inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质 in-situ test 原位测试 in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay [CI] 中液限粘土 internal friction angle 内摩擦角 internal scour 潜蚀 isotropic soil各向同性土 J Janbu’s method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法 joint 节理 K kaolinite 高岭石 karst land feature 喀斯特地貌 K0－consolidation K0固结 L laminar flow 层流 landslide 滑坡 land subsidence 地面下沉 lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx, σcy laterite 红土 layer-wise summation method 分层总和法 length of foundation base 基础底面长度l limit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件 limit of plasticity 塑限wP linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率 line load 线荷载 liquefaction 液化 liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度 liquid limit[LL] 液限wL liquidity index[LI] 液性指数IL loading test 载荷试验 local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土 logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML] 低液限粘土、粉土 M Magmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩） major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力s1、s2、s3 marine soils 海积土 mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法 maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比emax、emin maximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base 基底最大、最小压力pmax、pmin maximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度rdmax、rdmin maximum dry density 最大干密度 maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度zmax median grain diameter 中值粒径d30 medium sand 中砂 meniscus 弯液面 metamorphic rock 变质岩 method of slice 条分法 mingle soils 混合土 miscellaneous fill杂填土 mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量E0 弹性模量E modulus of recompression 再压缩模量 modulus of resilience 回弹模量 Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律 moisture-density test 击实试验 moisture ,water content 含水量(率)w montmorillonite 蒙脱石 muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土 mulching soils 覆盖土 mud pumping 翻浆冒泥 N natural angle of repose自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力sx、sy、sz non-cohesive soils 无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降 normally consolidation 归一化 normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils] 正常固结土 O optimum moisture content 最优含水率 organic soil 有机质土 Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed、Es oedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪 one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结（压密） optimum moisture，（water） content 最优含水量(率)wop organic soil 有机质土，有机土 organic substance,organic matter 有机质 original rock 基岩 over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土 overburden soils 覆盖土 overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils] 超固结(过压密)土 overconsolidation ratio [OCR] 超固结（过压密）比 P parameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size 粒径 partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验 passive earth pressure 被动土压力Ep path of percolation 渗[透途]径H peat 泥炭 pebble 圆砾 penetration resistace 贯入阻力 percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量pi perched water 上层滞水 perennially frozen soil 多年冻土 permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层 permeability 渗透性 permeability test 渗透试验 phreatic line 浸润线 phreatic water 潜水、地下水 physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质 piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验 piezometric head 测压管水头 piezometer head 测压管水头h piping 管涌 plane strain test 平面应变试验 plastic failure 塑性破坏 plastic flow 塑流 plastic limit[PL] 塑限wP plastic strain 塑性应变 plastic zone 塑性区 plasticity chart 塑性图 plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数Ip plate loading test 平板载荷试验 point loading 点荷载试验 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ poorly-graded soils 不良级配土 pore air pressure 孔隙气压力 pore water pressure(stress) 孔隙水压力（应力）u pore pressure(stress) parameters 孔隙压力（应力）系数A、B pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比 porewater 孔隙水 porosity 孔隙率n preconsolidation pressure 先（前）期固结压力pc preloading method 预压法 pressure bulb 压力泡 pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验 primary consolidation 主固结 primary mineral 原生矿物 principal stress 主应力s1、s2、s3 principle of effective strress 有效应力原理 proctor ［compaction］test 普罗克特［击实］试验 proportional limit load 比例界限荷载ppr pumping test 抽水试验 punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏 Q quality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、ms、 mw Quaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层 quicksand 流砂[现象] quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cq 、jq quick[shear] test 快

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