比较级及最高级.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下
构 成 法
原 级
比 较 级
最 高 级
① 一般单音节词末尾加er 和 est
strong
stronger
strongest
② 单音节词如果以e结尾，只加r 和st
strange
stranger
strangest
③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母，
须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er和est
sad
big
hot
sadder
bigger
hotter
saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少数以er(或ure),ow结尾的双音节词， 末尾加er和est
"以辅音字母+y"　结尾的双音节词，　改y为i，再加 
-er，-est　　　
clever
narrow
busy

cleverer
narrower
busier

cleverest
narrowest
busiest

⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most
different
more
different
most
different

2) 不规则变化

　　 原级　　　　 比较级　　　最高级　　　　　　　　 　
good(好的)/　　　　better　　　　best
well(健康的)　　

bad (坏的)/　　　　 worse　　　　 worst
ill(有病的)　　

old (老的)　　　　　older/elder　oldest/eldest　　　 　
much/many(多的)　　 more　　　　　 most　　　　　　　　
little(少的)　　　　less　　　　　least　
few fewer 　　　　fewest　　
far远的)　farther/further　 farthest/furthest　
距离 程度
副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。

　　near nearer nearest

　　hard harder hardest

　　多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。

　　warmly　　　　　more warmly　　　　　most warmly

　　successfully　　more successfully　　most successfully

　　副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
但是，开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly
quietly →more quietly →most quietly
［注］： early中的ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加er和est

He works harder than I.

　　他比我工作努力。

　　Lucy gets up earlier than Lily.

　　露西比丽丽起床早。

　　He runs the fastest in our class.

　　他在我们班跑地最快。

　　He dives deeper than his teammates.

　　他比他的队员潜水深。

　　It's true that he speaks English more fluently than any of us.

　　他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。

the + 最高级 + 比较范围 
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
下列词可修饰最高级by far, 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
　 Africa is the second largest continent in the world.

比较级形容词或副词 + than 
You are taller than I.

注意： 
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
　　 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
　　 (对) He is cleverer than his brother.

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
　　 (错) China is larger than any country in Asia.
　　 (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

［误］He is taller than any boy in his class.
［正］He is taller than any other boy in his class.
比较级 + than any other +单数名词
这是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
A. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
B. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
To make a plan is easier than to carry it out.

例题
The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America　 B. one in America　
C. America  D. that in America 

as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 
例：
The lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
Not as/so … as
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

He can run as fast as you.
　　He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
　　　 as +形容词+ a +单数名词
　　　 as + many/much +名词
　　 This is as good an example as the other is.
　　 I can carry as much paper as you can.

3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
　　This room is twice as big as that one.
　　Your room is the same size as mine.
Your room is as big as my room.　　

4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as　<=> 倍数+ 名词+ of
　　This bridge is three times as long as that one.
　　This bridge is three times the length of that one.
　　Your room is twice as large as mine.
　　Your room is twice the size of mine. 
例题
After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ cars in 2004 as the year before. 
A. as twice many　　 B. as many twice　　
C. twice as many　 D. twice many as 

可修饰比较级的词 
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
Our city is much more beautiful than yours.
我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。
This is even/much harder than steel.
这个东西甚至比钢还硬。
He is even slower than before.
他比以前更慢了。
Japan is a little larger than Germany.
日本只比德国大一点儿。

2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
Your room is three times larger than mine.
你的房间比我的大三倍。
I'm two years older than you.
我比你大二岁。
She is a head taller than I（me）.
她比我高一个头。
3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

1）　---- Are you feeling ____?　 
　　 ---- Yes，I'm fine now.
　A. any well　 B. any/much better　
C. quite good  D. quite better　

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　 
　 A. more　 B. much more　　
C.　much　 D. more much
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.　
A. the happiest time　　B. a more happier time　
C. much happiest time　 D.　a much happier time

常考的比较级句型
［误］The more you learn English, better you will be good at it.
［正］The more you learn English, the better you will be at it.
The harder you work, the better results you will get.
If you work harder, you will get better results.
［析］注意前后都用"the+比较级"，来表达"越……，就越……"之意。
The sooner, the better.

［例2］The sooner you give up smoking, the good it will be.
good→better。形容词词级的误用。
"The +比较级，the+比较级"表示"越……，就越……"

The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙就越高兴。

最高级
in+范围、场所, of+复数 在……之中的”；“在……中
My father is the tallest in my family.

one of the +最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为one of the +最高级+复数名词
Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
杭州是中国最美丽的城市之—。

她是她们班最好的学生。
·最高级：She is the best in her class.
·比较级：
She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
·原级：
No other student in her class is as good as she.

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