单项突破系列--初二英语词汇突破讲义.doc

新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 初二英语词汇初二英语词汇主讲：杨文哲欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材初二英语词汇讲义名词可数1. 以s/x/sh/ch结尾 +es 读音izdish盘，碟match比赛sandwich三明治七年级：bus公共汽车，class班级，wish愿望，box盒子，fish鱼（种类）2. 改变内部元音oo-eefoot脚fu:t, feetfi:ttooth牙齿tu: , teethti: a-ewoman女人 wumn , women wimin man男人 mn ，menmen3. 辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+es，读音zuniversity大学baby婴儿，小孩company公司，伙伴factory工厂补充：boy男孩，day天，key钥匙，toy玩具（直接加s）dictionary字典，family家，country国家，story故事（变y为i加es）4.-renchild孩子（children）5. o结尾hero英雄补充：photo照片，piano钢琴（加s）tomato西红柿，potato土豆（加es）I was just a small potato in the comapy, so few people noticed me. A. not youngB. not tall C. not old enoughD. not important 答案：D6. f，feves,读音vzlife生活不可数，生命可数lives补充：leaf树叶，thief小偷7. 可数名词前的冠词a/anumbrella雨伞engineer工程师universityEurope，European欧洲的_ hour _ university _ empty box _ honest boy _ umbrella _ European country 答案：an, a, an, an, an, anThere is _ “h”, _ “o”, _ “u” and _ “r” in the word “hour”.A. an, an, a, an B. a, an, a, anC. an, an, a, a D. a, a, an, an答案：A，het, ou, uju:, rar,具有这个特点的字母还有fef, lel, mem, nen, ses, xeks不可数物质名词：气液固bread面包，rice大米，beef牛肉，fish鱼肉，meat肉，mutton羊肉，glass玻璃（glasses眼镜）抽象名词：news新闻information消息，信息physics物理，物理学success成功danger危险decision决定，决心They got much _ on the Internet. A. photoB. ideasC. message D. information答案：DThere is good _ for you. Ive found your lost watch. A. news B. ideasC. messagesD. thoughts答案：AMrs. Jenny gave us _ on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advicesC. some adviceD. an advice答案：CWhat do you have for breakfast?I often have _ or _.A. breads, noodles B. bread, noodlesC. breads, noodleD. bread, noodle答案B其它difference不同，差异result结果，as a result结果，因此way方法，手段，by the way顺便一提，in this way用这种方法，on ones way to在去的途中accident事故，by accident偶然地population人口，a large/big/small population人口多/少The experts think that Indias population may be _ than Chinas _ 2020. A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on答案：C形容词和副词1. another n 其他的，另外的第一种用法：另一个，又一个Jenny wants to get _ job. Shes tired of working here.A. aB. one C. the D. another答案：D第二种用法：another+基数词，another + 名词复数，表示“又，在”，例We need another three books./ We need three more books.Can you hand in your homework on time?Im afraid not. I need _ two weeks.A. other B. fewerC. moreD. another答案：D，other其他的，fewer更少的，more更多的（I need two more weeks）2. enough inf 充足的，足够的 用法：enough+名词，形容词/副词+enough(to do sth)足够可以做某事， Does your father walk _ up with you? A. fast enough to catch B. enough fast catching C. enough fast to catchD. fast enough catching 答案：A3. kind仁慈的，友好的4. hardly几乎不，几乎没有 hard困难的，坚硬的，努力的，hardly是个具有否定意义的副词（放在句中是个否定句） Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, _? A. wasnt he B. was he C. didnt he D. did he 答案：D5. necessary nesisri 必要的，必须的6. other 其他的 关于other 的几个词组：the other/ the others, other/others，有the表示某一范围内其他的全部，没有the表示某一范围内其他的一部分（不是全部），加上s可以作代词单独使用，没有s使用时必须在后面加上名词 the other +名词，其他的(全部)，the others 其他的全部，other+名词，其他的（一部分），others其他的(一部分) Miss Green is more warm-hearted, so she is busier than all _ nurses in the hospital. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 答案：C7. same同样的（the same as与同样的） 相关词组：the same as和相同，all the same仍然， the same to you你也一样 You say bridge is safe but I shall take care _. A. after allB. in general C. at the same time D. all the same 答案： D8. traditional trdin()l 传统的，惯例的9. thirsty :sti 口渴的10. alone孤独地，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，三个都是表语形容词，只能放在主系表的句子中作表语，不能放在名词的前面修饰名词，比如：He is awake.他醒着呢，She is asleep.她睡着了，不能说a awake boy，a asleep girl11. interested intristid 感兴趣的，词组be interested in对感兴趣12. besides除之外(还有)，例She has a few friends besides me.她除了我之外还有几个朋友 形容词的级1. e结尾，比较级直接加-r，最高级直接加-stclose kluz 近的，接近的(closer, closest)2. 以辅音字母+y结尾，比较级变y为i加er，最高级变y为i加estearly :li 早的(earlier, earliest)easy i:zi 容易的(easier, easiest)，词组：take it easy放轻松，别紧张3. 以重读闭音节结尾（结尾的三个字母：辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母），比较级双写结尾的辅音字母加er，最高级双写结尾的辅音字母加estwet wet 潮湿的（wetter, wettest）fat ft 胖的(fatter, fattest)thin in 瘦的，稀薄的(thinner, thinnest)4. 少数双音节单词和多音节单词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加mostcomfortable kmftbl 舒适的，安逸的(more comfortable, most comfortable)careful kful 小心的，谨慎的(more careful, most careful)famous feims 著名的，出名的(more famous, most famous)be famous for因为而出名be famous as作为而出名China is very _ the Great Wall and pandas.A. famous as B. famous for C. ready to D. ready for答案：B，be ready to准备好要做某事，ready for为某事做好准备important imp:tnt 重要的(more important, most important)5. 特殊变化good/well, better, bestgood词组 be good at, 擅长，be good for对有好处I think doing morning exercises is good _ our health.Yes. I agree with you.A. at B. to C. for D. with答案：Cwell（身体）好，健康的，词组：do well in在方面做得好far远的，比较级further/farther, 最高级furthest/farthest farther/farthest实际距离的远近，further/furthest(程度上)更近一步You are standing too near to the TV. Can you move a bit _?Ok, Mum. Is it all right here?A. faster B. slowerC. farther D. nearer答案：Clittle少的，小的，比较级less最高级leastfew几乎没有，很少的，比较级fewer，最高级fewestlittle和few表数量多少的区别：little+不可数名词，few+可数名词复数，a little/ a few (数量上)有一些，little/few (数量上)几乎没有There is _ sheep on the hill.A. a little B. a few C. littleD. few答案：A，sheep单复数同形，is是单数的标志词，所以 a few sheep和few sheep都是复数，不能和is连用，a little sheep表示一只小羊。many/much许多的(more, most) many+可数名词复数，much+不可数名词Shall I get something for you? Whats your favorite? Its very kind of you! Please dont waste _ money. Special is the best choice. A. many B. too many C. too much D. much too 答案：C，词组too much和much too，too much + 不可数名词，“太多的”， much too+形容词/副词“太，非常”bad坏的，差的（worse，worst） be bad for对有坏处代词bodythingonewhereevery 每everybody每人everything每件事物everyone每个人everywhere各地，到处some 某somebody某人something某物，某事someone某人somewhere在某处，到某处any 任何anybody任何人anything任何事anyone任何人anywhere任何地方no没有nobody 没有人nothing没有事none没有人nowhere无处以上这些不定代词统统作单数使用，同时，如果有形容词修饰的话，必须把形容词放在他们的后面（形容词后置）There is _ in the art exhibition. Please come and visit it.A. something new B. nothing newC. new something D. new things答案：Amine main 我的（所有物）Wow, your new bicycle looks the same as _.Really?A. me B. I C. my D. mine答案：Deither两者中的一个，常出现在either of结构中，比如either of us我们（两个）中的一个，当放在句中作主语时，为单数，谓语动词应当使用单数形式（be动词要选择is，was，行为动词要变成单数第三人称的形式），比如Either of them is OK.他们两个中的任何一个都可以。neither两者（中的任何一个）都不，常出现在neither of结构中，放在句中作主语时，为单数My aunt has two children. But _ of them lives with her. A. each B. neither C. either D. both答案：D动词1. plan计划(现在分词planning，过去式和过去分词planned)用法：plan to do, plan on doing打算、计划做某事Dont plan _ driving a car in Tibet, _?A. to, will youB. on, do you C. on, will you D. to, do you答案：C2. win赢(现在分词winning, 过去式和过去分词won)区别：win和beat，beat打败+ 被打败的对象，win赢得+赢得的荣誉、地位或比赛，如We have _ your class.填beatenIn the 49th World Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛)，Wang Liqin _ Ma Lin and _ the champion (冠军) of the Mens Singles.A. beat, beatB. won, won C. beat, won D. won, beat答案：C3. cut切，割(现在分词cutting，过去式和过去分词cut)，相关词组：cut up切碎，cut in line插队 He bought some meat and _ it. A. cuts upB. cut up C. cuts D. cutted up答案：B4. put放置，(现在分词putting，过去式和过去分词put)，相关词组：put out熄灭，关灯 He picked up the paper and _ it into the bin. A. puts B. put C. putted答案：B5. run跑，(现在分词running，过去式ran，过去分词run)，相关词组：run away逃跑，run out of用完，用尽(2006宁夏) I will not buy that refrigerator because I have _ money.A. got out of B. taken out of C. looked out of D. run out of答案：D，get out of逃避，摆脱，take out of取出，除去，look out of从朝外看6. borrow借入（过去式和过去分词borrowed）用法：borrow借入，搭配borrow sth. from sb. “从某人处借入某物”，lend借出，搭配lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”，lend和borrow两个词均为短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，如果想表示一段时间的借入或借出，应用keep替换1). Im sorry I cant _ you any money. A. lendB. borrowC. keep 答案：A2). I think you should borrow some money _ your friends. A. from B. to C. in 答案：A , borrow的搭配：borrow sth. from sb. “从某人处借入某物”3). Do you have an English-Chinese dictionary? Yes, here you are. You can _ it as long as you like. A. borrow B. lend C. keep 答案：C 时间词“as long as you like” “想借多久就借多久”时间段的词只能用keep7. exercise锻炼，运动作名词使用时，作“习题，体操”讲时是可数名词，作“锻炼”讲时是不可数名词The students have _ many exercises that they cant finish _ in time. A. so, them B. so, itC. such, them D. such, it答案：A，so many“如此多的”so many+可数名词复数exercises，代替exercises要用复数的代词8. finish完成，结束用法：finish + doing做完某事，如I finished _ the novel last night. (read), 应填reading9. forget忘记forget to do：忘记了一件应作而未作的事，“还没做”，forget doing：忘记了一件已经做过的事，“忘记已经做了”Jim, come back, your new book is still in the drawer.Oh, thank you. I have forgotten _ it there.A. to put B. putC. putting D. to putting答案：C10. get变得相关词组：get along(with sb.)相处，get on相处，进展，get out出去，离开，get over克服，恢复， get to到达，get up起床，I find Tom easy to get along _. So Id like him to come to my birthday party.A. to B. forC. with答案：COh, Ive left my schoolbag in the classroom.Dont worry. Ill _ it for you.A. bring B. get C. takeD. carry答案：B，注意bring, get, take, carry的区别：bring带来，take拿走，carry（搬起来）拿走，get“去拿回来”11. hear听见(现在分词hearing，过去式和过去分词heard)，用法：hear sb. doing sth听到某人正在做某事强调动作正在进行., hear sb. do sth听到某人做某事，强调过程；hear和listen区别：hear“听见”，listen“听(不一定听见)”相关词组：hear about听说，hear of听说，hear from收到来信I heard from Joe, my friend, yesterday.A. sent a letter to B. received a letter from C. listened to D. heard of 答案：BDo you often hear John _ in his room?Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his roomA. sing, to sing B. singing, sing C. sing, singingD. to sing, singing答案：C12. leave（现在分词leaving, 过去式和过去分词left）离开，出发用法：leave是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，表示离开一段时间应换成be awayMy father _ on business for two weeks. He will returns in three days.A. leftB. has leftC. has gone D. has been away答案：D13. look看，相关词组look after照顾，look at看，look through浏览，look like看起来像，look forward to doing盼望做某事，look up向上看，在字典里查What are you doing, Cathy?Im _ my cat. I cant find it.A. looking for B. looking at C. looking up D. looking after答案：AKate didnt go to the movie last night because she had to _ her sick dog at home.A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after答案：D14. make使，用法：make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us.A. to know B. knowing C. know答案：C相关词组：make a living谋生，make friends with与交友，make progress取得进步15. send送，寄（现在分词sending，过去式和过去分词sent）相关词组：send for派人去请， send up发射Would you please send _ a doctor? My grandfather is ill.A. away B. forC. off答案：BOur country is going to _ another man-made satellite next year.A. send up B. put up C. make up D. open up答案：A16. stay保持，维持用法：stay保持某种状态（stay +形容词）相关词组：stay up熬夜I hear the weather will _ cold for another week.I hope not. I hate cold weather.A. turn B. last C. getD. stay答案：D17. teach教，相关词组：teach sb. sth.教某人某事，teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事The children _ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.A. are taught B. were taught C. have taught D. taught答案：B18. use使用，利用，相关词组be used to doing习惯于做某事，be used to do被用来做某事，used to do过去常常做某事，He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to _ at night.A. read, read B. reading, readC. read, reading D. reading, reading答案：CWhats this kind of knife used for?Its only used for _ meat. （cut）答案：cutting19. cost价值，花区别：cost, spend, pay, takepay/spend主语是人，cost/take主语是物，相关词组：pay for为支付，spendon sth./ (in) doing在某事上花费/在做某事上花费，It takes sb. 时间/金钱 + to do做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱How much does this DVD _?Its 298 Yuan.A. cost B. payC. spend答案：AHis parents were worried that he _ too much time chatting on line.A. spentB. cost C. paidD. had答案：AIt _ the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam.A. spends B. costs C. paid D. took答案：D 20. dress给穿衣服区别：dress, have sth. on, wear, put on“穿，戴”have sth on和wear表示穿戴的状态，have sth on无进行时态，put on表示穿戴的动作，dress可以表示穿戴的动作也可表示状态，如：The mother is dressing her little daughter.妈妈正在给小女儿穿衣服（动作）The mother dressed well. 妈妈穿的很好。（状态） The girls had on skirts of all different colors. 女孩子们穿着各种颜色的裙子。（状态） She never wears green.她从不穿绿色的衣服。（状态） It was cold in the morning so he put on a thick sweater.早晨很冷，所以他穿上了一件厚毛衣。（动作）21. give给，用法：give sb. sth., give sth. to sb.给某人某物/把某物给某人相关词组：give away赠送，分发，give back归还，give up放弃，Though the clothes are new, she has decided to give _ to the people in disaster areas(灾区).A. it awayB. them awayC. away it D. away them答案：B，名词clothes放在两个位置均可give the clothes away/give away the clothes, 但代词只能放在两者之间give them awaySmoking is bad for your health. Youd better _.A. give up it B. give it up C. take out it D. take it out答案：B22. happen发生，相关词组happen to sb.某人发生了某事，用法：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态；happen是短暂性动作，没有进行时态We havent heard from Kate for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened答案：C23. pick采，摘，挑选，相关词组：pick up捡起，pick up捡起，用车接载Where did you get it?I _ it up on the way to work.A. put B. picked C. gave D. looked答案：B24. begin开始用法：begin是短暂性动作，不能和一段时间连用，如果要和时间段连用，应替换成be onHurry up! The play _ for half an hour.A. has begun B. had begun C. began D. has been on答案：D25. receive接受，收到区别：receive和accept，receive“收到”形式上收到，accept“接受”从心里上承认I _ an invitation to the party but I didnt _ it. 答案：received，accept26. allow允许，相关词组allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，Lucy likes to travel around the world, but her parents didnt _ her to do so.A. allowB. ask C. make答案：A27. compare比较相关词组：compareto把比作，comparewith把比作，Shakespeare _ the world _ a stage.答案：compared to，莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。 take拿，花费，搭乘，相关词组：take an interest in对感兴趣，take away拿走，take care小心，take care of照顾，照看，take off脱下，起飞，take place发生，take part in参加，参与wait等待（wait for等待，wait in line排队等候）相关词组：wait for等待communicate kmju:nikeit 交流，沟通，相关词组：communicate with sb和某人沟通，如It is hard to communicate with you.跟你沟通真困难。travel旅行，传播，如Nothing travels faster than light. 光比任何东西传播的都快。come来，相关词组：come along出现，发生，跟随，come true实现，come in进来，fall落下(过去式fell，过去分词fallen)相关词组：fall asleep入睡，fall behind落后，fall down 倒下，fall in love with爱上play玩，播放，相关词组play football/basketball踢足球, play the piano弹钢琴