雅思阅读matchingPPT课件.ppt

雅思阅读第二讲：配对题（matchingmatching）马睿马睿1.一、介绍配对题是由三部分组成的，分别是题目要求、选项集合、题目集合这是雅思阅读近几年比较常见的一种题型，每次考试至少有一组，很多时候达到两组甚至更多配对题通常不具有顺序性，也就是说，题目的顺序和原文的顺序是不一致的。所以做配对题，通读一遍原文一般是不可避免的。大多数同学会感觉这种题型不太难，但比较烦。2.二、分类从属关系搭配题因果关系搭配题作者及其观点搭配题 3.三、从属关系搭配题1.定义选项中的元素和题目中的元素是从属的关系，要求根据原文，将每个题目与相应的选项搭配。一般来说，选项集合是词组，如地点，工具，语言，项目名称、时间等4.三、从属关系搭配题2.解题步骤a.仔细阅读题目要求、选项集合和题目集合，找出两者之间的关系。5.三、从属关系搭配题举例（剑桥雅思8t2p1）ClassifythefollowingeventsasoccurringduringtheClassifythefollowingeventsasoccurringduringtheA.MedievalWarmPeriodA.MedievalWarmPeriodB.LittleIceAgeB.LittleIceAgeC.ModernWarmPeriodC.ModernWarmPeriodWritethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes23-26onyouranswersheet.Writethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes23-26onyouranswersheet.23ManyEuropeansstartedfarmingabroad.23ManyEuropeansstartedfarmingabroad.24Thecuttingdownoftreesbegantoaffecttheclimate.24Thecuttingdownoftreesbegantoaffecttheclimate.25Europeansdiscoveredotherlands.25Europeansdiscoveredotherlands.26Changestookplaceinfishingpatterns.26Changestookplaceinfishingpatterns.两者的关系是事件发生的时间选项集合为时间段题目集合是发生的事件6.三、从属关系搭配题b.划定位词情形1：题目集合中有特殊名词、专有名词、生僻词可以作为直接定位（这种情况比较少，一般出现在学术类文章）Monkeyswerelesslikelytobecomedibetic.Monkeyswerelesslikelytobecomedibetic.7.三、从属关系搭配题情形2：采用多词定位，不是仅仅通过一个词来定位，因为很多词在文章中会出现很多遍，因此，选择多个词来定位，提高定位的准确率。名词名词+动词动词/介词介词+修饰修饰/解释解释+名词名词size of eaves up to half the width of the buildingsize of eaves up to half the width of the building可能有的部分会缺失，如：可能有的部分会缺失，如：original religious purposeoriginal religious purpose修饰/解释名词8.三、从属关系搭配题一般来说，如果前后两个名词都在，可以定位两个名词。Thecuttingdownoftreesbegantoaffecttheclimate如果其中只有一个名词，那么就划形容词+名词。receivedinsufficientfunding9.三、从属关系搭配题c.文章范围定位从选项集合中，找出不同选项的不同和相同之处。A.caloric-restricted monkeysB.control monkeysC.neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control monkeys10.三、从属关系搭配题原文中：原文中：第四段第四段Butcaloric-restrictionprojectsunderwayintwospeciesmoreButcaloric-restrictionprojectsunderwayintwospeciesmorecloselyrelatedtohumans-rhesusandsquirrelmonkeyshavecloselyrelatedtohumans-rhesusandsquirrelmonkeyshavemadescientistsoptimisticthatCRmimeticscouldhelpmadescientistsoptimisticthatCRmimeticscouldhelppeople.people.第五段第五段themonkeyprojectsdemonstratethat,comparedwithcontrolthemonkeyprojectsdemonstratethat,comparedwithcontrolanimalsthateatnormally,animalsthateatnormally,第六段第六段Further,ithasrecentlybeenshownthatrhesusmonkeysFurther,ithasrecentlybeenshownthatrhesusmonkeyskeptoncaloric-restricteddietsforanextendedtimekeptoncaloric-restricteddietsforanextendedtime11.三、从属关系搭配题这样可以确定题目答案在原文中第四、五、六段。12.三、从属关系搭配题定位词的分类A 原词B 词性变化；如题目选项中的词为diabetic,是形容词，原文中的词为diabetes,是名词。C 语态变化；一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。D 同义词；如题目选项中的词为guarantee，原文中的词为ensure，它们是同义词。13.三、从属关系搭配题F.相似词（重要，适用于大部分题目）the cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.the cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.(题目题目)The unprecedented land clearance released vast The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,triggering for the first time humanly caused global triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming.warming.(原文原文)14.三、从属关系搭配题有题目可知released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere修饰land clearanceglobal warming全球变暖是climate一种15.三、从属关系搭配题d.确定对应原文句子通过形容词、副词或者动词来确定题目：the cutting down of trees began to affect the climatetree 和 climate已经找到对应这个时候began可以用于确定找到的句子是否正确16.三、从属关系搭配题The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming.在这里the first time=began，可以确定答案就是这个句子17.作业1.剑桥8 t2 p22.剑桥4 t4 p33.剑桥7 t2 p118.四、注意事项1.如果题目选项是具体名词，那么就要在选项集合中划定位词，而题目选项是用来做文章范围定位的。2.雅思阅读，一遍文章有3个不同类型的题目，如果出现了此类配对题，可以放到最后解决。完成其他题型，对它也有帮助。3.此类配对题的耗费时间比较多，浏览一遍文章，可以完成大部分的题目，对于剩下找不到对应句子题目，就可以放弃，做其他题型。19.四、注意事项4.此类配对题的选项可能会被用两次以上，有的时候可能用不上。5.划定位词时，如果出现所有选项都有相同名词，那么这个名词就不能作为定位词。例如：A.They judge peromotion to be important.A.They judge peromotion to be important.B.They have less need of external goals.B.They have less need of external goals.C.They think that the quality of their work is important.C.They think that the quality of their work is important.D.They resist goals which are imposedD.They resist goals which are imposedE.They have limited job optionsE.They have limited job options20.五、因果关系搭配题1.定义选项中的元素和题目中的元素是因果的关系，要求根据原文，将每个题目与相应的选项搭配。题目集合是一些（effects）或问题（problems），选项集合是原因（causes）。21.五、因果关系搭配题2.解题思路a.读题目，确定题目集合和选项集合为因果关系22.五、因果关系搭配题b.题目集合划关键词In Alaska,biologists keep a check on adult fish23.五、因果关系搭配题c 文中浏览寻找定位词There are biologists throughout the state constantly monitoring adult fish as they show up to spawn.24.五、因果关系搭配题d.和题目对比确认原文：There are biologists throughout the state constantly monitoring adult fish as they show up to spawn.题目：In Alaska,biologists keep a check on adult fish25.五、因果关系搭配题定位词的分类A 原词B 词性变化C 语态变化；一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。D 同义词26.五、因果关系搭配题e.找到题目中对应的目的，从选项集合找到答案注意选项集合中出现spawning，但是前面是tostopfishfromspawning.这个stopfishfrom和showupto不是一个意思，因此pass。showuptospawnfishnumbersaresufficient27.五、因果关系搭配题作业：剑桥雅思5t2p2剑桥雅思6t2p2剑桥雅思7t2p228.六、注意事项1.此类配对题出题顺序和文章顺序一致，做题可以一题题做。2.遇到不会的，就直接跳过，做下一题，等所有题目都做完了，再回过头来看。3.文章中定位到句子后，要注意看介词或者是因果关系词，这些词后面往往跟着就是答案。29.七、作者及其观点搭配题1.定义若干人或组织提出了若干个观点，题目要求将观点与其提出者（作者）搭配。这种类型题目是由一个人名集合和一个观点集合组成。30.七、作者及其观点搭配题2.解题思路a.读题目，确定是否有NB31.七、作者及其观点搭配题b.快速浏览作者观点，划出定位词32.七、作者及其观点搭配题c.在文章中开始划人名33.七、作者及其观点搭配题d.开始做题做题顺序先看 人名出现一次后看 人名出现多次34.七、作者及其观点搭配题e.找出人名对应观点35.七、作者及其观点搭配题f.将此观点与原文划线处一一对应36.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowa1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferencepreferenceforforright-handednesswhenright-handednesswhentheyfirsttheyfirstdevelopedlanguagedevelopedlanguage.2Societyis2Societyisprejudicedprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.againstleft-handedpeople.33BoysBoysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.aremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeople4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirrecovertheirspeechspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.morequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthe5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallybrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.losetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferent6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsfunctionsbeforebirth.beforebirth.77AsymmetryisacommonfeatureAsymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.ofthehumanbody.37.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.38.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.39.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Dr Paul Boca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.40.Dr Brinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.41.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.4.Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.42.TwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.6.Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.43.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.44.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.Charles Moore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.45.Theeffortstoimprovetheefficiencyoftheexistingtransportserviceswerenotverysuccessfulbecausemostofthemotorizedvehiclesinthedistrictbrokedownandtherewerenoresourcestorepairthem.37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMaketeIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficient46.Pathsandsecondaryroadswereimprovedonlyattherequestofcommunitieswhowerewillingtoparticipateinconstructionandmaintenance.38TheimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpathsGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.47.Theroadimprovementsandaccompanyingmaintenancesystemhadhelpedmakethedistrictcentreaccessiblethroughouttheyear.39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyearEwasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.48.九、注意事项1.这类配对题有2种，1种是人名为选项，观点为题干，1种是观点为选项，人名为题干。但是解题方法是一样的。2.题目都是乱序的，因此不能按照出题顺序做题。3.当答案难以确定时，可以选择放置一边，继续做其他题。4.不能看到观点中出现的某个词和题目一样，就选这个选项，因为这种选项往往是干扰项。49.九、注意事项5.每道题一般只有一个选项，题目中有些观点不能被使用。6.一般来说第一题往往对应文章后几个观点，而最后一道题对应文章前几个观点。50.