有错必纠巧解短文改错.doc

有错必纠 巧解短文改错
在现行的高考试题中，改错题属于主观试题客观考查的综合性高层次试题。它既考查方方面面的基础知识，又考查综合运用语言的能力，包括写作能力。很多考生面对此题，茫然不知所措， 结果没错的地方给改错了，错误的地方却放过了。
为了避免解题的盲目性，现根据近几年来所见此题中的错误类型，归纳出一些规律，编成顺口溜如下：
一看一致二词类，三多四少五搭配，六句七语八非谓，九看逻辑对不对，拼写无误便全对。
1. “一致”，指一致性方面的错误，包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词一致等。如：
    All he said were right. (谓语动词要与主语的数保持一致，应把were改成was）
2. “词类”，指词法，包括同义词、反义词、易混词；名词的可数与不可数、单复数及所有格；代词的格；定语从句中先行词和关系代词的误用；名词性从句中连接词的误用；比较范围的错误。如：
We should remember what we all learnt our own language when we were children. (what应改为that)
She found a wallet laying on the ground. (laying应改为lying)
3. “多”，指多词， 句中多了主语、谓语、冠词、介词、副词等。如：
This river is much more longer than that one. (多了副词more)
From his answer we shall know the something now. (不定代词前不加冠词，故去掉the)
4. “少”，指少词， 句中少了主语、谓语、冠词、介词、副词等。如：
Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation. ( attention 后缺少介词to)
5. “搭配”，指固定搭配。如：
We could learn a second language by the same way. ( 固定搭配应为in the same way)
6．“句”，指句型结构。如:
Long ago there had a war between the two countries. (表“存在”的句型应为there be + 主语，故把had改为was)
7. “语”，指语态。如：
He broke the law and punished. (punished 前加was)
8. “非谓”， 指非谓语动词。如：
Scientists like Newton and Watt were usually interesting in these facts. (interesting 改为 interested)
9. “逻辑”，指文章的逻辑意义，句与句、段与段之间使用的承接词是转折型、递增型还是因果型，以及受空间、时间限定的词语的使用。如：
This is a lie, and his parents did not know. (两句之间是转折型，and改为but)
10. “拼写”，指单词拼写错误。如：
The hurricane destroied the houses along the coast. (destroied 改为destroyed)
掌握以上要点，加之平时有针对性地巧下功夫，短文改错便可轻松搞定。