~英文的簡寫字和縮寫字94-molliza.doc

英文的簡寫字和縮寫字
黃政（『英文字的分析』作者）   

注意事項：
1.字型請使用Lucida Sans Unicode或Arial Unicode，KK音標才會正常顯示。
2. [ lα ]代表「"小L"下面加一點」，[ lα ]＝[ əl ]，表示其為母音。
[ mα ] 代表「"小m"下面加一點」，[ mα ] = [ əm ]，表示其為母音。
[ nα ]  代表「"小n"下面加一點」， [ nα ] = [ ən ]， 表示其為母音。
因為Lucida Sans Unicode 無此3個音標符號。
3.母音＝ 元音，子音＝ 輔音；國語=（普通話）。

英文的簡寫字：
英文的「簡寫字」不需要加句點，並且有獨立的字音。簡寫字＝簡字 ＝簡略語＝簡語 ，簡語常在歐美人士口語中出現。

簡寫字                                                                   簡寫字的原形                                              
1. ad  (n.)                             [ æd ]               advertisement       
2. auto (n.)                           [‘ɔto ]              automobile            
3. bi (n.)                                [ baɪ ]              bisexual(n.)(a.)    
4. bike (n.)                            [ baɪk ]            bicycle  
5. bio (n.)                              [ 'baɪo ]            biography    
6. bro  (n.)                           [ bro ]               brother
7. cam    (n.)                           [ kæm ]            camera
8. carb （n.)                          [ karb ]               carbohydarate 
9. choc  (n.)                         [ CHak ]            chocolate
10. congrats (n.)                    [ kən'græts ]      congratulations     
11. corp (n.)                            [ kɔrp ]            corporation           
12. croc  (n.) 鱷魚                     [ krak ]           crocodile            
13. dino (n.)                            [ 'daɪno ]         dinosaur                
14. doc   (n.)                         [ dak ]                doctor                   
15. dorm  (n.)                           [ dɔrm ]          dormitory
16. exam  (n.)                       [ ɪg'zæm ]           examination   [ ɪg‚zæmɪ'ne?ən ]
17. expo (n.) 展覽會;博 覽會       [ 'εkspo ]         exposition      [ ‚εksp'zɪ?ən]                     
18. fax  (n.)（v.）                   [ fæks]               facsimile         [ fæk’sɪməlɪ ]
19. flu  (n.)                            [ flu ]                  influenza (n.)         
20. foto,  photo (n.)(v.)         [ 'foto ]               photograph           
21. hippo (n.) [ 'hɪpo ] hippopotamus
22. homo (n.)                          [ 'homo]            homosexual (n.)(a.)
23. info (n.)                            [ 'ɪnfo ]             information           
24. lab  (n.)                            [ læb ]               laboratory             
25. math (n.)                           [ mæTH ]         mathematics         
26. memo  (n.)(v.)                  [ ‘mεmo ]           memorandum   [‚mεmə’rændən]
27. Moto (n.)                          [ 'moto ]            Motorola (公司名)   
28. Paki (n.)                             [ 'pakɪ ]           Pakistani (n.)(a.) [ ‚pakɪ'stanɪ]
29. phone (n.)                        [ fon ]               telephone             
30. photo, foto (n.)(v.)           [ 'foto ]            photograph           
31. pic  (n.)                            [ pɪk ]               picture                  
32. pix  (n.pl.)                        [ pɪks ]             pictures                 
33. porn (n.), porno (n.)         [ pɔrn ]             pornography         
34. pro (n.) [ pro ]               professional (n.)(a.)   
pro. (abbr.)    加句點為縮寫字，非簡寫字，讀為原字professional的發音。
35. rhino (n.)                          [ 'raɪno ]           rhinoceros             
36. tech (n.)                            [ tεk ]              technology            
37. thru  (prep.)                    [ THru ]             through                 
38. vet (n.)                              [ vεt ]              veterinarian  
39.

©像 簡寫字的單字：psycho (n.),  demo   ,coke (cocaine古柯鹼 的 別稱）
PS: cigar  ， cigerette
PS: Paki (n.) 雖是  Pakistani (n.)  的簡字和簡語，卻是輕蔑語。
PS:  pro. (abbr.)(有句點） 是 professional (n.) 的縮寫字。

與本字不同音的簡寫字:
bio  [ 'baɪo ] = biography
info = information (n.)

網路上的簡字：
how r u? = how are you?
ic = I see.
btw =by the way
stats = statistics

英文的縮寫字：
縮寫字＝ 簡略語＝簡語 。
一個單字的縮寫字，規定照理說必須加句點，但報紙或日常生活中常也 有看到沒加句點的情形。
（字根＋ 單字）的縮寫字，取字根的首字母＋單字的的首字母作為縮寫字 ，照理說不加句點，但報紙或日常生活中常也有看到加 句點的情形 。縮寫字無獨立的字音。

一個單字的縮寫字                                             縮寫字的原形
1. ave.                                                                           avenue
2. co.                                                                            1. company 2. county
3. Dr.                                                                           Doctor
4. Esq. (n.sing.) 或 Esqs. (n.pl.)                                   Esquire或 Esquires. (n.pl.)
5. hr. 或 hr hour
6. inc. incorporated
7. Jan.~Dec. 或Jan ~ Dec(月曆上)                     January~December
8. Messrs.                                                                    Messieurs (monsieur的複數)
9. Mmes.                                                                      Madames
10. Mr.                                                                           Mister
11. Mrs.                                                                         Mistress
12. Ms.                                                                          Miss
13. no.                                                                           number
14. pl.                                                                            plural
15. pt.                                                                            point
16. sing. singular
17. tel.                                                                           telephone
18. Thai.                                                                        Thailand
19. vol.                                                                          volume
20. vs. 或 vs  (非 v.s. 或 V.S.)                                       versus
21.  
22. O.K. 或 OK                                                                okay
23. KO  (兩個字母都大寫)                                           kayo (n.)(v.)

    （字根＋單字）的縮寫字                                 （字根＋單字）
· cm. 或 cm (兩個字母都小寫)                 centimeter
· kg. 或 kg  (兩個字母都 小寫)                               kilogram
· km. 或 km  (兩 個字母都小寫)                             kilometer
· GB  (兩個字母都大寫)                                        gigabyte(s)
· MB  (兩個字母都大寫)                                        megabyte(s)
· KB  (兩個字母都大寫)                                        kilobyte(s)
·  
· ps 或 PS  (兩個字母都小寫或大寫)                      postscript
· tv  或TV (兩個字母都大寫)                                  television

© tv  或 TV(兩個字母都小寫或大寫)都不加句點,如TV game，TV home shopping。
   © PS:  vs. 或 vs  (非 『v.s. =vide supra (=see above) 【拉丁文】見上文,見上條)』或
『V.S.（abbr.） =Veterinary Surgeon 獸醫)』

兩個單字以上的縮寫字:
兩個單字以上的縮寫字，可加句點也可不加，有的要加，有的可不加。
大多數的縮寫字不能讀成一個字，需逐字母讀出。

     兩個單字以上的「縮寫字」                                   縮寫字的原形
1. ASAP 或A.S.A.P.                                     as soon as possible
2. c.c.  或 cc                                                  cubic centimeter
3. MSIE                                                        Microsoft Internet Explorer
4. CD                                                           Compact Disc
5. DPP                                                          Democratic Progressive Party
6. KMT                                                        Kuo Ming Tang(Chinese Nationalist Party)
7. N.Y.                                                         New York
8. NT$                                                          New Taiwan Dollar
9. NYC                                                         New York City
10. P.O.                                                          Post Office
11. P2P                                                          peer-to-peer
12. pc                                                             personal computer
13. PPE                                                          Philosophy, Politics, Economics
14. ppm 或 p.p.m.                                          parts per million 百萬分之.
15. PS3                                                          Play Station 3
16. TVA                                                         Tennessee Valley Authority
17. UN  或 U.N.                                           United Nations
18. US 或 U.S.                                              United States
19. USA 或 U.S.A.                                        United States of America
20. WEF                                                         World Economics Forum
21. WHO                                                        World Health Organization
22. km/h 或 kmph                                           kilometers per hour

       ©其他的縮寫字多如牛毛，如：DNA，RNA，NBA，NHK，CTS，TTV，TVB，TVBS，AITLED，EPS，GPS，USB（usb）,MSN，PDA，PDF，MID，ETC，MP3.......，。

可以讀成一個字的縮寫字：

甲、        NASA [ ‘nasa ] （abbr.）       National Aeronautics and Space Administration
國家航空航天局, 美 國宇航局, 美國太空總署
乙、        NATO [ ‘neto ] （abbr.）        North Atlantic Treaty Organization        
北大西洋公約組織
丙、        AIDS  [ edz ]   （abbr.）       acquired immunodeficiency syndrome     
後天性免疫不全症候群
丁、        NASDAQ [ -  ]（abbr.）        National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
那斯達克(美國 全國證券交易商協會自動行情指數)
戊、        CAD 或 Cad [ kæd ]  （abbr.）     Computer Assisting Design
                  CAM 或 Cam [ kæm ]  （abbr.）   =computer-aided manufacturing 電腦輔助(的)製造
己、        FED  或 Fed   （abbr.）         ???????????    
                                                                   聯邦準備理事會，聯準會
庚、         SOHO   [ 'soho ]  (abbre.)          Small Office Home Office

PS:有撇號的縮寫字:        int'l = international    c'mon [ k^'man ] = come on   what's = what is    I'm = I am

Ref. data: 譯典通，文馨字典
黃政（『英文字的分析』作者）