发展心理学_练习题-青春期.doc

Chapter 14 Physical Development in Adolescence
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Adolescence is
A) the time period of transition between childhood and emerging adulthood.
B) a biologically determined period of extreme storm and stress.
C) a time period that has become greatly shortened in industrialized societies.
D) marked by very different basic tasks across cultures.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 515
2) ________ refers to the biological changes that lead to an adult-size body and sexual maturity.
A) Menarche
B) Spermarche
C) Puberty
D) Maturation
Answer: C
Page Ref: 516
5) According to Freud, adolescence
A) is the period of calm after the storm of childhood.
B) reawakens the instinctual drives and shifts them to the genital region.
C) corresponds to the phallic stage of psychosexual development.
D) marks a period of harmony and predictability of behaviors.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 516
11) Margaret Mead convinced researchers that
A) to understand adolescent development, greater attention must be paid to social and cultural influences.
B) Samoan adolescence was just the same as adolescence in Western societies.
C) the biological changes of adolescence are not found in all cultures.
D) all cultures do not have an intervening phase between childhood and adulthood.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 517
14) Janice is experiencing a time of rapid pubertal change. Janice is in which phase of adolescence?
A) early adolescence
B) middle adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) pre-emerging adulthood
Answer: A
Page Ref: 517
16) On the average, girls reach puberty ________ boys.
A) slightly earlier than
B) 2 years before
C) slightly later than
D) the same time as
Answer: B
Page Ref: 517
20) The first outward sign of puberty is the
A) enhanced motor development.
B) growth spurt.
C) change in physical activity level.
D) appearance of abrupt mood swings.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 518
62) Recent research suggests that adolescent mood swings are
A) a myth.
B) related to situational changes.
C) strongly correlated with fluctuations in their hormones.
D) more common in females than in males.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 528
73) Among the following, which adolescents are most likely to have positive self-images in
adolescence?
A) late maturing boys and girls
B) early maturing boys and girls
C) late maturing boys and early maturing girls
D) early maturing boys and late maturing girls
Answer: D
Page Ref: 529

Chapter 15 Cognitive Development in Adolescence
1) Veronique can think abstractly about things she cannot perceive concretely. She is in Piaget's________ stage.
A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) post-concrete operational
D) hypothetical reasoning
Answer: B
Page Ref: 552
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: 15.1
2) A person in Piaget's formal operational stage
A) can come up with general logical rules through internal reflection.
B) is able to use inductive reasoning for the first time.
C) can only "operate on reality."
D) has just learned that hypotheses must be confirmed by appropriate evidence.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 552
4) Lourdes is capable of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. When faced with a problem, which of the following will she do first?
A) develop a general theory of all possible factors that might affect the outcome
B) deduce specific hypotheses about what might happen in a situation
C) test her hypotheses in an orderly fashion to see which ones work in the real world
D) examine the most obvious predictions about a situation
Answer: A
Page Ref: 552
5) In watching a concrete operational child and a formal operational adolescent solve the pendulum problem, what differences would be evident?
A) The concrete operational child will be completely unable to solve the problem.
B) The formal operational adolescent will solve the problem intuitively, without experimentation.
C) The formal operational adolescent will systematically test alternative hypotheses.
D) None; both will use similar strategies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 552
7) The ability to evaluate the logic of verbal statements without making reference to real-world circumstances is called
A) hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
B) propositional thought.
C) the scientific method.
D) intuitive thought.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 552
8) Bryan hears the following statement: "Either the train is moving or it is not moving." If Bryan is in the formal operational stage, he will say that
A) he needs to see the train to determine whether the statement is true or false.
B) the statement is true.
C) the statement is false.
D) the statement is both true and false at the same time.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 553
10) For adolescents, propositional thought
A) limits their reasoning to the here and now.
B) prevents them from solving the red-and-green poker chip problem.
C) provides them with access to new realms of knowledge, such as higher math.
D) enables them to get along better with their peers.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 553
12) The teacher says, "If mice are bigger than cats, and cats are bigger than elephants, then mice are bigger than elephants." This statement is likely to be judged
A) false by 11-year-old Craig.
B) false by 13-year-old Michael.
C) true by 9-year-old Rana.
D) true by 12-year-old Paige.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 554
25) The heart of scientific reasoning is
A) coordinating theories with evidence.
B) designing experiments.
C) developing hypotheses.
D) conducting statistical analyses of data.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 556
33) Argumentativeness during adolescence seems to be due to adolescents'
A) general disagreeableness.
B) exercising of new reasoning powers.
C) intense self-reflection.
D) improvements in self-regulation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 558
38) Young teenagers are convinced that they are the object of everyone else's attention and concern. This feature of adolescent thought is called
A) propositional reasoning.
B) the imaginary audience.
C) the personal fable.
D) rule assessment.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 559
41) As teenagers become sure that others are observing and thinking about them, they start to feel special and unique. This feature of adolescent thought is called
A) propositional reasoning.
B) the imaginary audience.
C) the personal fable.
D) rule assessment.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 559
43) The personal fable contributes to
A) risk taking.
B) disengagement from others.
C) poor schoolwork.
D) peer conformity.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 559
47) The idealism of adolescents often leads them to become
A) more cooperative at home.
B) more critical of parents and siblings.
C) better students at school.
D) more realistic in their evaluations of others.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 560
55) Which of the following is consistent with current research on gender differences in intellectual
performance?
A) In early childhood, boys are slightly ahead in verbal ability.
B) By early childhood, girls do better at abstract mathematical problem solving.
C) By adolescence, girls are far ahead in verbal ability.
D) Girls score higher on tests of verbal ability throughout the school years.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 562Chapter 16 Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Jose´ thinks, "What am I really like? Who will I become?" These remarks
A) are signs of the development of identity.
B) indicate that Jose´ lacks self-confidence.
C) reveal that Jose´ has a serious adjustment problem.
D) indicate that Jose´ is ready for Erikson's intimacy stage.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 586
2) Erikson's theory recognizes ________ as the major personality achievement of adolescence.
A) autonomy B) identity C) guilt D) diffusion
Answer: B
Page Ref: 586
Objective: 16.1
3) Defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life is part of
A) constructing an identity. B) moral development.
C) gender intensification. D) commitment.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 586
6) According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of adolescence is identity versus
A) identity crisis. B) identity confusion.
C) adolescent exploration. D) commitment.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 586
9) Current theorists believe that the typical adolescent's approach to forming a mature identity starts with ________ and is then followed by ________.
A) industry; autonomy B) trust; initiative
C) exploration; commitment D) confusion; calm
Answer: C
Page Ref: 586
11) According to Erikson, young adults who do not have a firm sense of self will have difficulty developing ________, the task of young adulthood.
A) generativity B) intimacy
C) vocational stability D) self-actualization
Answer: B
Page Ref: 587

14) Compared to school-age children, adolescents place more emphasis on ________ in their self-descriptions.
A) physical appearance B) favorite activities
C) social virtues D) school performance
Answer: C
Page Ref: 587
25) Katy accepts her family's political and religious beliefs without question. Which identity status characterizes Katy?
A) identity achievement B) moratorium
C) identity foreclosure D) identity diffusion
Answer: C
Page Ref: 590
27) When asked about his career plans, Rodney responds, "Haven't thought about it. Doesn't make too much difference to me what I do." What identity status characterizes Rodney?
A) identity achievement B) moratorium
C) identity foreclosure D) identity diffusion
Answer: D
Page Ref: 590
32) ________ is seen as a psychologically healthy route to a mature identity.
A) Diffusion B) Foreclosure C) Moratorium D) Conventionalism
Answer: C
Page Ref: 590
33) Compared to the other identity statuses, young people who are identity achieved or actively exploring
A) have lower self-esteem.
B) report a larger discrepancy between their ideal selves and their real selves.
C) are more self-conscious and self-focused.
D) are more likely to engage in abstract and critical thinking.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 590
38) Tate's father wants to support his identity development. He should
A) limit Tate's participation in extracurricular activities so he has more time to spend at home.
B) discourage Tate from talking to others about identity concerns, as this will be confusing in his own identity search.
C) encourage him to avoid vocational training programs during adolescence because this makes teens feel "locked in" to a certain career choice.
D) prompt discussion that promotes high-level thinking and allow Tate to voice his own opinion.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 591
49) According to Piaget, individuals make the transition to autonomous morality around age
A) 5. B) 10. C) 15. D) 20.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 594
51) Piaget
A) viewed morality as distinct stages of moral development.
B) developed stages of moral development that were more comprehensive than Kohlberg's stages.
C) underestimated children's moral capacities.
D) believed that the imaginary audience contributed to advances in moral judgments.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 595
52) The Heinz dilemma is
A) a classic example of an adolescent in moratorium, deliberating between two career choices.
B) a narrative used to assess adolescents' understanding of social conventions.
C) a theory used to describe the phenomenon also known as the personal fable.
D) a story that presents a genuine conflict between two moral values.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 595
53) According to Kohlberg, which is the most important factor in determining the maturity of responses to moral dilemmas?
A) the reasoning behind the answer
B) whether the child considers anyone else's perspective
C) how the child uses emotion in determining the answer
D) whether the child answers like other children his age
Answer: A
Page Ref: 595
54) Kohlberg's stage of punishment and obedience corresponds to Selman's
A) social-informational stage. B) self-reflective stage.
C) third-party stage. D) societal stage.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 595
56) At which of Kohlberg's levels is morality externally controlled?
A) preconventional B) conventional
C) postconventional D) autonomous
Answer: A
Page Ref: 597
57) At which of Kohlberg's stages would a child reason, "you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours"? The ________ orientation.
A) punishment and obedience B) instrumental purpose
C) good boy-good girl D) social-order-maintaining
Answer: B
Page Ref: 596
59) In response to the Heinz dilemma, Oliver explains, "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug because it's his duty as a citizen to obey the law. If everyone started breaking the law, there'd be nocivilization!" Oliver is in which of Kohlberg's stages?
A) punishment and obedience orientation
B) instrumental purpose orientation
C) "good boy-good girl" orientation
D) social-order-maintaining orientation
Answer: D
Page Ref: 596
62) Research on Kohlberg's stage sequence
A) supports the order of the stages.
B) indicates that movement through the stages is quite rapid.
C) confirms that Stage 6 is a viable stage.
D) shows that postconventional morality is common in adulthood.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 598
67) According to Gilligan, feminine morality is based on
A) rights and justice.
B) an ethic of care.
C) irrational reasoning.
D) the same principles as male morality.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 598
74) Mr. and Mrs. Goor want to encourage moral reasoning in their teenage son. Which of the following would you recommend?
A) use sarcasm during discussions
B) threaten him if he behaves immorally
C) lecture about morality
D) engage in moral discussions at home
Answer: D
Page Ref: 599