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词汇讲义
卢 根
A
abandon vt.丢弃,放弃n.任性 abandon smoking, abandon&nbs p;a friend
reckless abandon e.g. Approach love and ;cooking with reckless abandon.
abandoned adj.被遗弃的 an abandoned house
ability n.能力 capability, capacity, faculty
capacity n.容积,能力,身份,角色
in the capacity as teacher/sales manager 以老师/ 销售部经理的身份
aboard adv.在交通工具上(船,飞机,火车)
ahead, alike, alive, aloud, amid, arise, arou se, aside, asleep, apart, awake, aware; abreast
abort v.中途失败,撤退,流产 abortion
absorb vt.吸收;消化道的吸收 absorb the sound/impact, ;assimilate
abstract<>concrete Abstract
-tract- attract, tractor, contract, distract,&nbs p;subtract, treatment, retreat
trace n.痕迹 v.追踪,回溯 traceable
track n.痕迹,轨道,径赛 track and field 田径运动
trail n.痕迹 vt.跟踪 trailblazer 开路人,创始人
abundant adj.充足的 be abundant in wild li fe/coal/oil
enough, sufficient, adequate 足够的
abundant, plentiful, plenteous, ample; affluent, c opious 充足的,大量的
scarce, inadequate, insufficient 缺乏的,不足的
abundant, expectant, reliant -ant做形容词后缀
servant, attendant, inhabitant, participant -ant做 名词后缀
abuse vt.滥用,虐待 abroad, abnormal, absolute
child abuse 虐待儿童
academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院 &n bsp;academic
accelerate vt.加速 velocity
-cel- celerity, decelerate, excel, ex cellent(outstanding)
access n.通道,通路(to) vt.进入 e.g. Tiger Woods&nb sp;has access to a lot of cash.
excess n.超过,超越,过量 excessive
exceed vt.超过 exceeding adj.极度的(extreme), exceedingly(ex tremely)
proceed vi.继续前进,继续
preceding adj.在前的,前面的 previous, prior, priority
process n.过程,生产过程 procedure
procession n.队伍,行列
recession n.撤退,衰退
successive adj.接连的,连续的 consecutive, succession
concede vt.承认 vi.让步
concession n. The act of conceding.让步,这种让步的行为
-gress- progress, congress, digress
aggressive adj.好斗的,侵略性的 aggression
accommodate v.供应,向...提供,容纳 accommodation n.住处,膳宿,(车,船, 飞机等的)预定铺位
accomplish v.完成,达到,实现 complete, finish, achieve,& nbsp;fulfill
accord v.一致,和谐,给予(Formal) reach an accord
in accord with 与…一致 out of accord with 与…不一致 of one’ s own accord 出于自愿
according to 按照 answer to 与…相符 in answer to 为了响应
chord n.和弦,和谐 chorus
as far as I’m concerned, in my opinion,& nbsp;according to me, from my perspective
account n.账户;叙述,描述 e.g. Tom’s account of&nbs p;the accident is not believable.
savings account 储蓄账户 checking account 支票账户 cu rrent/deposit account 活期/定期账户
withdraw vt.收回,撤消 vi.撤退,退出
ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) PIN (Personal Identification Number)
account for 解释;导致
accumulate v.积累,增加(指在较长时期内的增长)
gather vt.聚集,收集 collect vt.收集
assemble vt.召集,收集 rally v.召集,集合 n.集会
accurate adj.准确的,精确的 accuracy
relevant/pertinent
accuse vt.指责,指控 accuse<>acquit
accuse somebody of something, charge somebody ;with something
defendant, respondent, accused 被告
accuser, claimant, suitor; plaintiff 原告
ace 意思都与“一”有关,扑克牌中的“A”,成绩得“A”,网球、排球的发球得分
e.g. She aced Analysis last semester.
acid adj.酸性的,尖酸的,嘲讽的 sour
acid test 严峻的考验,决定性的考验
sour grapes
e.g. The losers’ scorn for the award is& nbsp;pure sour grapes. 失败者对奖励的蔑视纯粹是出于酸葡萄的心理
acknowledge vt.承认;告知已收
admit vt.承认,允许 admission n.允许进入,供认
confess vt.坦白,承认,忏悔 profess v.表示 profession
-gno- ignore, recognize, diagnose; agnostic, ;cognoscente
admit, emit, omit, transmit, submit
acquaintance n.相识,熟人 shallow acquaintance 泛泛之交
acquire n.获得,学到 acquisition, require, inquire
adapt vt.适应,适合(to)
adopt vt.收养,采纳 adopted 被收养的 adoptive 有收养关系的& nbsp;adoptive/biological(natural) parents
adjust n.调整,调节,使适合 switch/flip the channel
advise(devise, revise), adhere, adverb
advisable adj.可取的,明智的 sensible
adequate adj.足够的;差强人意的
advocate vt./n.拥护(者)
accelerate, accompany, accomplish, account, accustomed, allocate, appoint, appreciate, appropriate, approve,&n bsp;assist, associate, assure, attain, attract
-apt-/-ept- apt, adaptation, adaptable; aptitude, adept, inept
administrate, administrative
legislation 立法 jurisdiction 司法 executive/administration 行政 check and balance 权力制衡
admire n.赞美,钦佩,羡慕
advance n.前进,预付款 v.前进,提前,预付
advertise, advertisement, commercial, brochure, coupon
ad, TV, sub, pub, lab
affect vt.影响 affection n.友爱, 爱情 affect ation n.装模作样,做作,矫情
effect n.结果,效果
effective adj.有效果的
efficient adj.效率高的 efficiency
infect v.感染,传染 perfect, defect
afterward, forward, backward, toward, downward, up ward
backward adv./adj.向后的 know something forward and&n bsp;backward(backward and forward) 对某事无所不晓
award n./vt.奖励,奖金 reward n./vt.报酬,回报,收益
agency n.代理处,社,中介
Xinhua News Agency 新华社 Reuter’s 路透社 &nb sp;A.P. (Associated Press) 美联社
agent n.代理商,代理人;特务 agenda n.日程,议程 agitate vt.使不安,鼓 动
agony n.苦恼,极大的痛苦
alarm n./vt.警报,警告 alert, warning, siren
magnet n.磁铁,有吸引力的人或物 magnetic
alcohol n.酒精 alcoholic
-aholic workaholic, bookaholic, footballaholic, s pendaholic, shopaholic, chocoholic
-phil(e) Sinophile, audiophile, philanthropist, p hilatelist, philharmonic, Philadelphia
philosophy n.哲学 philosopher
-soph- sophisticated, sophomore; sophist, sophism
alike, A and B alike =Both A and B.
identical adj.同样的,完全相等或相似的exactly equal and alike;同卵双生的 identical twins
like adj.相似的 e.g. Like son, like father . on this and like occasions
likewise adv.同样的
alleviate vt.减轻
relieve vt.减轻,救济 relief
-lev- elevator, lever, levy, maglev(magnetic ;levitation)
alliance n.联盟 an alliance of labor unio ns工会联盟
If I were told that devil were on p oorer terms with Hitler, I should find myself making an alliance with hell.
――Winston Churchill
ally v.结盟,同盟 n.同盟国,支持者 e.g. Italy alli ed with Germany during WWⅡ.
allowance 允许的行为;津贴
alter vt.改变,变更 alternate vt.轮流,交替 alternati ng/direct current 交/直流电
alternative n.可供选择的办法或事物 adj.选择性的,二中择一的
shift v.交换,换档;轮班的工人,轮班的时间
refresh v.恢复精力,补满,刷新
delete vt.删除
altitude n.高度,海拔 attitude n.态度 alpinist,&nb sp;latitude, longitude
amateur adj.业余的 professional, veteran
recruit n.新兵,新会员 vt.征募 rookie
amaze vt.使惊奇 surprise, astonish, astound
amazing adj.另人惊奇的
ambition n.野心,抱负 ambitious
ambulance n.救护车 fire engine 救火车
ambulance chaser 怂恿事故受害者起诉的律师
e.g. Beware of that lawyer; I heard he&n bsp;is an ambulance chaser.
amplify vt.增大 ample
amuse vt.娱乐,逗乐 amusement, R&R(Recreation and ;Relaxation)
entertain vt.使有兴趣;热情款待 entertainment, entertainer
analyze vt.分析 analysis, analyst
ancestor n.祖先
forebear, forefather, forerunner; descendant, offspring
anchor n./v.锚,固定,主持人 fix, fasten
attach vt.附加,附属
secure v.保护,固定 adj.安全的,放心的,固定的 security
ancient adj.古代的,古老的
anniversary n.周年纪念
-ann-/-enn- annual, semiannual, biennial, perenni al, millennium
annoy vt.使生气,使烦恼 annoying, infuriating
anticipate vt.预料 anticipation
predict v.预言,预测
-dict- contradict, dictation, dictate, dictator,& nbsp;indicate, verdict
antique n.古董 adj.古老的
anxiety n.焦虑 anxious
anyhow adv.无论怎么样,无论如何 anyway
apart adv.相隔,分开 apart from, besides, in ;addition to
apology n.道歉 apologize
apparent adj.明显的 obvious, distinct, evident, ;manifest
transparent adj.透明的 translucent
vague adj.模糊的,含糊的,不明确的 obscure, ambiguous
opaque adj.不透明的,没有光泽的
appeal n.呼吁;上诉 appealing adj.吸引人的,有魅力的 repe al
-pel-/-puls- expel, impel, repel, repellent, ;propel, propeller, compel, pulse, impulse, compulsive, compulsory
appearance n.外观,外表 complexion
appetite n.食欲,欲望 have appetite for food/lear ning
appetizer (hors d’ oeuvre), main course (entr ee)
dessert n.甜食,点心 desert, insert, assert
apply vt.运用 appliance, applicable, applicant,&nbs p;application
appoint vt.任命,分配,指派 appointment, assign, designat e, allocate, allot
appreciate To recognize the quality, significance, or magnitude.赏识,感谢
e.g. I really appreciate your help.
approach v./n.靠近;方法
appropriate adj.合适的 v.未经许可挪用
approve vt.赞成,同意 approval
arbitrary adj.任意的,专制的
architect n.建筑师 architecture n.建筑;建筑学
archaeology n.考古学 archaeo- 早期的,原始的
arrange vt.安排,布置 arrangement
artificial adj.人造的,矫揉造作的
-art- artful, artifact, artifice, artisan
aspect n.方面 in this aspect=in this rega rd
respect n.尊敬,敬重,考虑 vt.尊敬 respective, respectively
suspect v.猜想,怀疑 n.嫌疑犯 adj.可疑的 suspicion, sus picious
spectacular adj.壮观的,壮丽的
inspect, specific, speculate, spectrum, specious, perspective, prospect; circumspect
aspire vi.渴望 -spire- inspire, conspire,&nbs p;perspire, expire, respire
assess v.估定,评定 assess the asset
evaluate, appraise, estimate
assist vt.帮助,协助 assistant
aid n.助手,帮助,救助 aide n.助手 hearin g aid 助听器 visual aid直观教具 band-aid 创口贴
auxiliary adj.辅助的 auxiliary troops/generator, spa re tire, subsidiary(subsidize)
consist vi.由...组成
consistent adj.一致的,一贯的;可靠的 consist
insist v.坚持
persist vi.坚持不懈;持续
resist v.抵挡,抵制 resistance, resistant
associate vt.联合,联系 society, socialism, dissociate
association, relation, relationship, connection
relate vt.建立联系;叙述(to)
assume vt.假设 assumption
presume vt.假定
presumably adv.推测起来,大概
consume vt.消耗,消费 consumer, consumption
resume n.摘要,简历 vt.重新开始,恢复 c.v. (curriculum v itae)
astronaut n.宇航员
atom n.原子 molecule n.分子 atomic
atom bomb, A-bomb, fission bomb 原子弹 hyd rogen bomb, H-bomb 氢弹
attain vt.达到,获得 contain, stain
retain vt.保持,保留 retain old customers, attrac t new customers
maintain vt.维持,保持 maintenance
obtain vt.获得
sustain vt.维持,支撑,忍受
attorney n.律师,代理人 lawyer, attorney, barrister,&nb sp;solicitor
attribute vt.归因于 ascribe
e.g. Tom attributes/ascribes his success to w orking hard.
refer v.归因于,涉及,参照(to) reference, in reference&nbs p;to
assign vt.分配,指派;归因于
audio adj.音频的,声音的
audi- audience, audit, auditory, audition, a udible, inaudible
authority n.权威,权力机构,当局
available adj.可用的,可得到的,有资格的
awkward adj.不优雅的,笨拙的;尴尬的 clumsy
awful adj.可怕的,糟糕的
ax n.斧;解雇(Informal) e.g. My friend got the ax yesterday.
解雇的多种说法:fire, dismiss, lay off; can, s ack, boot, kiss-off, get the hook, pink slip
auto- automobile, autobiography, automatic, auto& nbsp;drive, autonomous, autonomy
B
bacterium n.细菌(pl.)bacteria virus, germ
bar n.禁止,妨碍;律师界 disbar vt.逐出法庭,剥夺律师资格
barrier n.障碍 obstacle, obstruction, block
forbid vt.禁止
prohibit vt.禁止,妨碍
prohibitive adj.昂贵的,令人望而却步的
frustrate vt.阻挠,使感到灰心 frustration
bargain n.买卖和约,便宜货 v.议价,谈判
basic adj.基础的,首要的 basically
basis 非物质的,抽象的基础
base 物质的基础
foundation 物质的或非物质的,强调基础的稳固
bat vt.眨眼 not bat an eye/eyelash/eyelid ;(一夜)没合眼
beam n.梁,光束,无线电波 balance beam 平衡木
off the beam<>on the beam
She’s really off the beam if she& nbsp;thinks that man she’s dating is so wonde rful.
beard n.胡须 mustache, goatee, sideburns, 5&nb sp;o’ clock shadow
behavior n.行为,举止 behave
beneath adv.在下方 underneath, netherworld
bible n.圣经(Bible),权威的书 bibliography, bibliophile
bill n.账单,纸币,水禽扁平的嘴 beak n.猛禽的钩状嘴
small bills/notes 小面值纸币 small changes 小面值硬币
bitter adj.苦的,痛苦的
blade n.刀刃,刀片,叶片 roller blade直排滚轴溜冰鞋
blame vt./n.责备,谴责,归咎
blank adj.空白的,失色的,没有表情的 n.空白
blast n.一阵强风;(Slang)喧嚣的聚会,狂欢会
breeze n.微风;容易做的事 shoot the breeze 闲聊
bleed vi.流血,出血 blood n.血液,血统 bloody&n bsp;adj.血腥的,有血的 adv.(英)加强语气
blonde n.金发女郎 blond n.金发男子 brunette
bloom n.花,开花 v.开花 blossom
blunt adj.直率的 blunt speaking 直率的讲话
boast n.自夸,值得夸耀的事物 v.自夸,拥有 brag, vaunt, name -drop
e.g. The capital of a region in the ;southeast boasts bountiful coal fields.
boom n.繁荣,隆隆声 v.发出隆隆声,兴隆
baby boom 生育高峰,婴儿潮,尤指从1947年到1961年第二次世界大战后美国的出生率
flourish v./n.茂盛,繁荣
thrive vi.繁荣、茂盛地生长
prosperous adj.繁荣的,兴旺的 prosperity
boost v.推进,提高
boost one’s confidence/to inflate one’s ego/to&nbs p;boost morale(used for a group)
border n.边界,边境
boundary n.边界线,边界
bound vi.跳跃 rebound, bounce, spring, leap,&n bsp;jump
brand n.商标,烙印 name brand 名牌 generic&nb sp;brand 普通品牌
Scotch Tape, Kleenex, Post-It Note, Magic Mak er, Chapstick, Jell-O; aspirin, nylon, yo-yo
bride n.新娘 bridegroom 新郎 bridesmaid 伴娘 best&n bsp;man 伴郎
brief adj.简短的 v.做简短介绍 briefing (room)
abbreviate, brevity
in brief/in a nutshell/concisely 简而言之
brilliant adj.灿烂的,闪耀的,有才气的
bulk n.大小,体积 Hulk
C
calculate v.计算,考虑 compute, calculator, reckon(con sider)
coordinate n.同等重要的人或物;(pl.)坐标 vt.调整,协调
amount n.总数,合计
function n.功能,职务,角色,函数
numerous adj.极多的,众多的 innumerable
integer n.整数,完整的东西 integral adj.完整的,必需的 integrate vt.使成一体 disintegrate
become an integral part/common elements of my life
prime adj.最佳的;首要的;最初的 n.质数
primary adj.首要的,最初的 primarily, primate, primitive
counterpart n.副本, 相似物, 配对物 opposite number
fraction n.分数,片段,一小部分 fragment
diameter n.直径 radius, perimeter
dimension n.尺寸,维数
campaign n.战役,竞选活动 champion, champagne
canal n.运河 Panama Canal, Suez Canal, En glish Channel, Strait of Malacca
同源词canal-channel, catch-chase, fragile-frail, junction-joint , pauper-poor
candidate n.候选人
capital n.首都,大写字母,资本,资金 capita, captain, capitol, capitalism; decapitate, capitulate
career n.职业,生涯 careerist
cast n.投掷,演员表 v.投,抛,投射 cast pearls before&nb sp;swine 明珠暗投
casual adj.偶然发生的,随便的 casualty n.事故,伤亡人数
category n.种类 catalogue, categorize
classify vt.分类 classification
classified adj.分类的,保密的
cause vt.引起,促成 n.原因,目标,理想 grounds 原因,理由
cautious adj.细心的,谨慎的 careful<>careless car efree<>worried
caution n.谨慎,小心;预防
precaution n.预防,警惕
cease vt.停止 cease-fire n.停火 ceaseless adj.不停的 ;continual 有间断的连续 continuous 无间断的连续
terminate vt.停止,终止 terminator, terminal, terminat ion, interminable, determination
halt n.停止 v.使停止 come to a halt/bring&nb sp;something to a halt
celebrate v.庆祝 celebrity
cell n.狭窄的房间,细胞 cellular phone(cell phone) 手 机
Centigrade adj./n.摄氏(的) Fahrenheit adj./n.华氏(的)
-centi- century, percent, centimeter; ;centenary, centipede
-ped- expedition, pedestrian, pedicure, podium,&n bsp;impede
certify vt.证明,确认 certificate, certification, dipl oma
challenge v./n.挑战
horizontally/vertically/mentally/physically challenged
chaos n.混乱 disorder, chaotic
character n.特性,性格,角色,符号,汉字 shape/mold one’s chara cter
characterize vt.以…为特性 characteristic n.特点
what characterizes A is B=B is ch aracteristic of A
What characterizes almost all Hollywood&nbs p;pictures is their inner emptiness.
几乎所有好莱坞电影场面的特点就是内在的空虚。
charity n.慈善,慈善机构,博爱 philanthropist n.慈善家 m isanthropist
chase vt.追逐,追赶
pursue v.追赶,追求 pursuit
cheer n.愉快,欢呼 v.欢呼 cheerful, Cheers
chip, chip on one’s shoulder 不友好的态度,脾气不好
英式英语 美式英语
薯条 chips French-fries
薯片 crisps chips
choke vt.窒息,阻塞 stifle, suffocate, smother
chop vt.砍,劈 n.排骨
Christian n.基督徒 adj.基督教的,信基督教的 Christianity, Cath olic, Protestant
Wasp(white Anglo-Saxon Protestant)
circuit n.环行,电路
-circ- circle, circular, circulate; circuitous,&n bsp;circumference, circumscribe, circumspect, circumlocution,&nbs p;circus
circumstance n.情况,条件(常用复数)
cite vt.引用,列举 e.g. The boss cited Bill’ s excessive absences when he fired him.
quote vt.引用,引证 quotation, quotient
civil adj.全民的,公民的,有礼貌的 civi
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