初中英语完成时态讲析及习题练习.doc

完成时态：现在完成与过去完成基本内容、深层理解与综合运用
★总复习练习：
1. --___ she ___ the flowers yet? --Yes, she ___ it an hour ago.
A. Did; water; did B. Has; watered; did C. Has; watered; has done D. Was; watering; was doing
2. He ___ the bike for two years. A. bought B. has bought C. had D. has had
3. Jim has made many friends since he ___ to China. A. came B. comes C. has come D. will come
4. He’s never worked in this factory, ___ he? A. is B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t
5. He __ a teacher when he was twenty years old. A. is B. was C. has been D. is being
6. –Where’s Li Lei? --He __ Beijing. A. goes to B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to
7. I like Guilin. I ___ there twice. A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been
8. He went to Toronto two years ago, so he has __ Toronto for two years. A.been to B. gone to C. been in D. gone
9. At the end of last week, I __ the news. A. have heard B. was hearing C. heard D. had heard
10. By the end of last week, I ___ 100 new words. A. have learned B. was learning C. learned D. had learned
11.Mum __ while I __ some washing that day.
A. was cooking; did B. cooked; was doing C. was cooking; was doing D. cooked; did
12. Mum ___ when I ___ back home.
A. was cooking; got B. cooked; was getting C. had finished cooking; got D. had finished cooking; had got
13. We __ a lot from you during the last two years. A. were learning B. have learned C. learned D. learn
14. They __ all their money, so they have to walk back home A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. will spend
15. When I got to the cinema, the film __ for ten minutes. A. had begun B.has begun C.has been on D.had been on
16. Can you tell us where___? A. have you gone B. you have gone C. have you been D. you have been
17. An accident _ to him since he left in 1999. A.happened B.was happened C.has been happened D.has happened
18. He asked if I __ the Great Wall. A. had been to B. had gone C. have gone to D. have been to
19. Bob had finished writing the letter __ his mother came back. A. after B. before C. since D. while
20. I didn’t see this film yesterday because I __ it before. A. see B. had seen C. have seen D. saw
得分：__________ 认真领会下面内容：
一 现在完成时态有两个主要用法，“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。“已完成”是指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间（常指最近的过去时间），现在已完成了，并与现在的情况有联系。如：
He’s turned off the light. (含义是：______________________________________________________)
“未完成”用法是指动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。如：
He’s lived here since 1960. (含义是：____________________________________________________)
这两种用法的主要区别：“已完成”用法通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用，用不可持续性动词。而“未完成”用法通常与表示一段时间的状语连用，用可持续性动词。
二 关于since/for
since+时间点，for+时间段，也可互换。
★基础练习：用since或for改写句子
1. I last saw him on his birthday. ________________________________since___________________.
2. The last time I smoked a cigarette was a week ago.
____________________ since_______________. _________________________ for ____________.
3. It’s ten weeks since I last had a good night’s sleep. _________________________ for_____________.
4. He last took a bath the day before yesterday. _________________________ since _______________.
5. It’s three months since he wrote to me. _____________________________ for _________________.
6. Alice left Tianjin a year ago. ________________________________ for __________________.
7. The door was opened an hour ago.
_________________________ since ______________. ________________________ for __________.
三 过去完成时态
1过去完成时态与现在完成时态相同，只是把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即过去的过去，与现在时间不发生联系。过去完成时态常出现在Sb. said 的宾语从句或when，before，after，until等句子中，或根据上下文的语境要求；而这些句子之间常有时可互换。如：
When the bell rang, we had finished our homework.→The bell rang after we had finished our work.
When I reached the station, the train had already left. →I reached the station after the train had left. →
I didn’t reach the station until after the train had left. →The train had left before I reached the station.
★理解练习：用when，before，after，until等改写句子：
1. When I met Tom, he had already heard the news. __________________ after _____________________.
2. When I met Tom, he had not yet heard the news. ______________ before________________________.
3. They cleaned the room and then we arrived. When________________, _________________________.
4. She only noticed it after he’d pointed it out. She_____________________unitl____________________.
5. I got to the cinema after the tickets were sold out. When______________,________________________.
2但必须记住：过去完成时态所用动词的动作必须发生在某个一般过去时态所用动词的动作之前，这个一般过去时态的动作可能在句中出现，可能含在上下文里。比较：
He has lived in Tianjin for ten years. ( )
He lived in Tianjin for ten years.( )
He said he had lived in Tianjin for ten years.( )
★综合运用练习：改错：
1. I’m living in Tianjin since 1993. 2. Have you had good weather last weekend?
3. I can’t go on holiday because I broke my leg. 4. What have you been doing before you left that school?
5. I’m waiting for three quarters of an hour. 6. I studied English all my life.
7. Who has given you that lovely necklace? 8. I’ve just now fallen downstairs.
9. I haven’t been known him for long. 10. I’ve spoken to the boss today about my holiday.
11. It’s a long time since you didn’t come to see me. 12. Tom sees a lot of Alice lately.
四 完成时在It is the first time +that分句”中的用法
在It is/was/will be the first time+that结构中，当主句动词为is/will be时， that分句动词一律用现在完成时态，引导词可以省略。如：
It’s the first time I’ve been here. Don’t forget, it will be the first time I’ve taught.
当然，主句的主语还可以用this, this evening, yesterday等，first也可用其它序数词，time可由其它名词代替。如：
This is the second time that____________________________________.
It’s the first month that _______________________________________.
(思考：当主句动词为was时， that分句动词用什么时态呢？答____________________________________.)
★提高练习：填空：
1. A: Is your new car going OK?
B: Oh, yes, very well. It’s the first Ford we ___________(have) and I must say I’m very happy with it.
2: I was lucky because that _____ (be) the second time I _____________(visit) Guilin that year.
3. A: Are you going to Japan for holiday this year?
B: No, we __________ (stay) at home. It __________(be) the first holiday I ____________(not be) abroad.
4. A: I’m worried about teaching next week.It ________ (be) the first time I _________(teach) children.
B: Don’t worry, it’ll be a bit difficult the first time you ________(teach) them, but the second time it’ll be OK.