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阅读理解如何不看文章答题?.doc

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阅读理解如何不看文章答题? 英语测试中阅读理解部分是最让考生紧张而又担心的部分。它量大,难度较高。因此,阅读理解题发挥如何决定着考生得分的高低。许多考生在做阅读理解部分时,最大感受就是时间紧、答案选项迷惑性大,因而很难及时而又准确地选出答案。如何在没有足够时间进行深入阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下进行答题,我们在总结、归纳历年四、六级真题特点是基础上,向考生介绍一些紧急情况下的应试技巧。 一、阅读理解题答案项特征   通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题,我们发现,在所列出的四个选项中,也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律,他(她)们就可以找到做题时的"第六感觉",达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章,万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。 (一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very,completely, none, hardly等。 例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .(1995年6月六级题22) A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant. B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. C. most people have to take part-time jobs. D. people have to change their jobs from time to time. (分析:四个选项中,C、D两项中都含有"have to",语气太绝对化,一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择,就大大降低了难度。) 例(2)The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六级题40) A.better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life. B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities. C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago. D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities. (分析:B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化,故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择,命中率就极高了。) (二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有: can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。 例(1)It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四级题30) A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America (分析:选项B中often 一词,语气委婉,不十分肯定,故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。) 例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that ——. A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education? C. too many students have to earn their own living D. college administrators encourage students to drop out (分析:答案项C中有have to, 语气太绝对化,故被排除。而A项中can't 的语气则不十分绝对化,故为答案。) (三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项。 例(1)According to Dr. David, Americans .(1993年6月六级题32) A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit C. do not know how to relax themselves properly D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep (分析:答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现,故被排除。B项中有often 一词,语气委婉,不十肯定,故为答案。) 例(2)According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六级题35) A.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter. (分析:A项句子基本上是原文词句,C项中有already一词,语气太绝对化,故A、C两项被排除。剩下B、D两项,而D项中有不十分肯定语气词may not,故选D。) (四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项。 例(1)which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六级题25) A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers. B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded. C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet. D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect. (分析:根据短文内容可以看出,A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点,而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面,高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。) 例(2)The first paragraph is mainly about . (1991年6月六级题22) A.the teenagers' criticism of their parents B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents C. the dominance of the parents over their children D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis (分析:短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母,认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而B项意思是年青人和父母间的误解;C项意思是父母对他们孩子的统治;D项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容,可以明确看出,B、C、D三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的,而A项则较全面地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思,故为答案。) (五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。 例(1)The population in the 21st century, according to the writer . A. will be smaller than a few years ago B. will not be as small as people expect C. will prove to be a threat to the world D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected (分析:选项A、B中都有small一词,该词在文中出现过,因而总觉肤浅,是字面之意。C项明显与文章不符,而D项表达的意义比small要深刻得多。) 例(2)From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one . (1990年1月六级题) A.to be more successful in his career B. to solve technical problems C. to be more specialized in his field D. to develop his professional skill (分析:题意是"从文中看出员工素质有助于人们 ...。" B项题即"解决技术问题";C项意即"深化专业";D项"发展职业技能"。这三项表达的意思都比较具体,而A项则概括地有深度,包括了B、C、D三项内容。) 2004年6月CET-4完形填空 发布日期:2004-9-22 我来说两句 信息来源:   Part IV         Cloze         (15 minutes)   Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.    Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It's the one   61   the teacher standing in the schoolroom door   62    goodbye to students for the summer and calling    63    them, "By the way, we won World War II."    The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's   64    funny. The recent surveys on  65    illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds    cannot even   66   which countries the United States   67   against in that war. One third have no   68   when the Declaration of Independence was   69  . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly   70   the Civil War between 1850 and 1900.   71   when they get the answers right, some are  72   guessing.     Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be  73   connected to loss of international  74  . But it does affect our future   75   a democratic nation and as individuals.     The   76   news is that there is growing agreement   77   what is wrong with the 78       of history and what needs to be   79   to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的)   80   yet  to be felt in most classrooms. 61. A) about   B) in      C) for     D) by 62. A) shaking   B) waving   C) nodding   D) speaking 63. A) in      B) after    C) for      D) up 64. A) rarely     B) so    C) too     D) not 65. A) historical   B) educational     C) cultural    D) political   66. A) distinguish   B) acknowledge   C) identify    D) convey 67. A) defeated     B) attacked     C) fought    D) struck      68. A) sense     B) doubt       C) reason     D) idea   69. A) printed     B) signed       C) marked   D) edited  70. A) place     B) judge        C) get       D) lock 71. A) Even      B) Though       C) Thus    D) So    72. A) hardly     B) just    C) still          D) ever  73. A) exclusively    B) practically    C) shortly       D) directly     74. A) competitiveness   B) comprehension   C) community   D) commitment  75. A) of    B) for   C) with         D) as  76. A) fine     B) nice    C) surprising      D) good  77. A) to     B) with       C) on         D) of   78. A) consulting     B) coaching   C) teaching   D) instructing  79. A) done      B) dealt         C) met     D) reached   80. A) therefore     B) or   C) and           D) as 参考答案: 完型填空  61.A about 62. B waving 63.B after 64.D not 65.A historical  66.C identify 67.C fought 68.D idea 69.B signed 70.A place  71. A Even 72.B just 73. D directly 74. A competitiveness 75.D as  76. D good 77.C on 78. C teaching 79. A done 80.C and         4级完形填空模拟题一(答案详解) 发布日期:2004-9-22 我来说两句 信息来源:考试Cooo网    Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that gosintosthe collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the questions that is always asked of me is __1__ I became an animal collector in the first __2__ .The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos.According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any __3__ was not the conventional“mamma”or“daddy”,__4__ the word“zoo”, which I would __5__ over and over again with a shrill __6__ until someone, insgroupsto __7__ me up, would take me to the zoo.When I __8__ a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great __9__ of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time __10__ the countryside in search of fresh specimens to __11__ to my collection of pets.__12__ on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student __13__ , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,__14__ were not easy to keep at home.When I left, I __15__ had enough money of my own to be able to __16__ my first trip and I have been going __17__ ever since then.Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of __18__ ,it is certainly a job which will appeal __19__ all those who love animals and __20__ .   1.A.how B.where C.when D.whether   2.A.region B.field C.place D.case   3.A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection   4.A.except B.but C.except for D.but for   5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat   6.A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch   7.A.close B.shut C.stop D.comfort   8.A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown   9.A.many B.amount C.number D.supply   10.A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring   11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrich   12.A.later B.further   C.then D.subsequently   13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide   14.A.who B.they C.of which D.which   15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully   16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance   17.A.normally B.regularly C.usually D.often   18.A.expectations B.sorrows   C.excitement D.disappointments   19.A.for B.with C.to D.from   20.A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip   1.【答案】A   【解析】根据下一句及随后的内容,作者讲的是怎样成为动物爱好者的(从小就喜欢动物),应当选择A.how。   2.【答案】C   【解析】in the first place是固定短语,意思是“首先”。此句意思是:别人经常问到的问题之一,是当初我是如何爱上动物的。   3.【答案】A   【解析】这句话的意思是:作者在呀呀学语之时,最早发清楚的音是“zoo”(动物园),而不是“妈妈”,“爸爸”,因此,应选clarity“清晰”。填入其他选项emotion (感情),sentiment(多愁善感),affection(友爱)不合逻辑。   4.【答案】B   【解析】but在此处连接另一个句子(it was the word“zoo”,“it was”被省略),表示转折,意为“而是”,Except,except for,but for的用法接近,表示“除了……”。   例如:   We go there every day except Sunday.   He answered all the questions except for the last one.   For a year the dam remained complete but for the generators.   从意思上,逻辑上,都应当选but。   5.【答案】D   【解析】根据后面的over and over again,应选“repeat”   6.【答案】C   【解析】小孩想去动物园,便不停地发出尖叫声,故选“voice”。A shrill voice与scream的意思接近。volume(音量);noise(噪音);pitch(音调)均不合要求。   7.【答案】B   【解析】shut sb.up是指让某人住口,为了让孩子停止尖叫,只好带他去动物园。   8.【答案】A   【解析】根据后面主句的时态,此处只能用一般过去时。   9.【答案】C   【解析】a great many后直接跟可数名词的复数形式;a great / large amount of后跟不可数名词;只有a great /large number of后可以跟可数名词的复数形式。   例如:   I read a great many English books.   A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.   A great number of civilians were murdered in cold blood.   10.【答案】D   【解析】living后必须接介词in,意为“居住”;cultivating耕种;reclaiming开垦;只有exploring有探察的意思。   11.【答案】C   【解析】add to相当于increase,增加。其余选项后面都不接to。   12.【答案】A   【解析】later on为固定短语,“后来”。   13.【答案】D   【解析】attendant仆人;keeper可理解为“饲养员”,但是a student keeper容易被误解为“收留学生的人”;aide有“助手”之义。作者一边上学,一边在动物园里打工,只能当助手。   14.【答案】D   【解析】which在此引导定语从句,修饰前面列出的动物。   15.【答案】D   【解析】因为钱是在动物园打工挣的,选successfully更能体现其含义。   16.【答案】D   【解析】finance my first trip意为“支付我的旅行   费用”;pay后应接介词for;其他选项的意思相差甚远。   17.【答案】B   【解析】此句为现在完成进行时态,选regularly比较贴切。   18.【答案】D   【解析】此句是由though引导的让步状语从句,应与主句意思相对立。选项中,sorrows和disappointments与主句的appeal to相对立,但sorrows的分量太重。   19.【答案】C   【解析】appeal to为成语,意思是“吸引”。   20.【答案】B   【解析】excursion短途旅行;journey(从一地到另一地的)长距离,具体的旅途;travel旅行,旅游,海外旅行;trip旅行,远足。     英语四级考试词汇与结构应试对策 发布日期:2004-9-22 我来说两句 信息来源:《新东方英语》第2期     一、 简介    大学英语四级考试的词汇与结构重在对英语基础知识的考察,每次30道题,计15分。其难点在于:比例虽小,知识点却多而复杂,令大多数考生食之无味,弃之可惜。不过,掌握适当的复习方法肯定是行之有效的:      1. 精研历年真题。切勿简单的认为考过的题毫无价值可言,恰恰相反,因为四级考试是一项标准化的命题考试,某一种题型如果特别有针对性,或者其答案被多数考生选错,那就证明该题的效度和信度较高,重考的几率相对来说也就大一些。例如:90年1月42题和97年6月的33题;95年1月的49题和97年1月的36题;98年1月的42题和2000年6月的46题等等。    2. 熟悉常考的语法难点和词汇题型。这一点将在下文详细论述。    3. 应该多阅读,甚至背诵一些经典句型和篇章。《新概念英语》第二册和第三册就有许多非常值得学习的句式。以第二册为例,Lesson38中有两个关于”no sooner…than”和”hardly…when”的例句:   He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.    He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.    提到”cannot…to”(再……也不过分)的用法,Lesson41也有两个例句:   A man can never have too many ties.   A woman can’t have too many hats.     体现虚拟语气用法的例句更多。如Lesson40中有一句: “Young man,” she answered, “If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!” 诸如此类,不胜枚举。 语法学习和词汇学习是英语进阶的纲,纲举目张,因此我们重点谈谈如何突破这两部分的难点。    二、 语法题难点突破   在历年词汇与结构的题中语法部分约占40%,词汇部分约占60%,而且多有交叉。总的来说语法题主要有以下考点:   1. 虚拟语气。强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。考生应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。    2. 主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大,需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式,如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则:主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。    3. 倒装结构。表示强调或突出,分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句,部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别,as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等,都是考生应当重视的地方。    4. 非谓语动词。这是词汇与结构考试中语法部分的重中之重,解题时可以从三个方面入手:①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系,确定使用主动语态或被动语态,然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式,同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词,表目的多用不定式。    5. 独立主格题。一般说来,在句子中没有连接词的情况下,逗号是无力连接两个句子的,其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式,要么是独立主格结构。这两种结构都做状语,不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。    6. 时态。英语中一共有16个时态,最常用的5个时态是一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去式、一般将来时和现在完成时。四级考试中出现最多的考点是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。针对这一题型,考生首先要抓住的就是时间状语,是现在时间、将来时间还是过去时间?是短暂时间还是延续性时间?    7. 名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点,用什么引导词,引导词前面的介词形式,引导词在从句中做什么成分(做宾语、主语还是状语等),从句的语序等等均有可能成为考点。此外,主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。     大学考试英语四六级听力训练的方法 发布日期:2004-9-22 我来说两句 信息来源:傲文英语网     一般英语学习者,在全面提高英语的前提下,要提高听、说能力,应首先注意以下三点:     1.注意区分和模仿正确的语音、语调  在英语里有不少读音相近,但意思却截然不同的词汇,象cure[kjue](医愈)和  kill[kill](杀死),menu(菜单)和manure(肥料)等。设想如果有一个医生想说:"I'll  cure  you."(我要治好你的病。)却因发音不好,说成:"I'll  kill  you."(我要杀死你。)那病人会吓成什么样子。又比如,有人对你说:"  I  am  thirty.My  wife  is  thirty,too."而你听到的却是:"  I  am  dirty.  My  wife  is  dirty,too."你一定会莫名其妙。实际上,所差之外就是一个音素。因此,我们从一开始就  要注意区分和模仿正确的语音,语调。在这个基础上提高听、说,才能收到良好效果。     2.创造一定的听、说环境  听、说是一种语言交流,没有一个外语环境或一定的听、说条件,
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