雅思写作教材A类分析.doc

湛江市雅托英语培训中心 雅思学术类(A类) 写作培训教材 讲解版
湛江市雅托英语培训中心 高等教育培训机构
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学术类(A类)小作文
图表篇分析

四国的经济和社会指数对比(1)
主题和结构分析
该表格要求描述四个国家（包括牙买加、厄瓜多尔、新加坡和玻利维亚）的经济和社会指数。主体部分应该按照这些指数的类型，分成三个段落： 先写人口、再写婴儿死亡率、最后把男性和女性的识字率放在一起写。
布局清晰描写具体
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
该表格通过引用四个国家的社会和经济指数，来揭示它们不同的生活水准。
The table reveals the different living standards in four countries by citing their four social and economic indicators.
■ Main Body 1 对人口情况进行“描述一”：
牙买加人口最少（ 230 万），新加坡和厄瓜多尔紧随其后，分别为 400 万和 1200 万。
Among the four nations, Jamaica has the smallest population of only 2.3 million, followed by Singapore and Ecuador with 4 and 12 million people, respectively.
■ Main Body 1 对人口情况进行“描述二”：
玻利维亚的人口最多，有 2300 万，是牙买加的整整十倍。
In contrast, the population is Bolivia is the largest 23 million, which is exactly ten times that of Jamaica.
■ Main Body 2 对婴儿死亡率情况进行“描述一”：
在婴儿死亡率方面，拉美三国的情况比较相似，其中牙买加以千分之 70 领先厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚紧随其后，分别是千分之 68 和千分之 64 。
In terms of infant mortality rate, the situations in three Latin American countries are comparable, with Jamaica leading with 70‰ and Ecuador and Bolivia following with 68‰ and 64‰, respectively.
■ Main Body 2 对婴儿死亡率情况进行“描述二”：
另一方面，新加坡的婴儿死亡率要低得多，在每 1000 个婴儿中，只有 2 例死亡。
On the other hand, Singapore has by far the lowest infant mortality rate, with only two babies dead in every 1000 live births.
■ Main Body 3 对识字率情况进行“描述一”：
在识字率方面，新加坡无论男性还是女性，识字率都是最高的，分别为 94% 和 87% 。
When it comes to literacy rate, Singapore enjoys the highest percentages across both genders: 94% for males and 87% for females.
■ Main Body 3 对识字率情况进行“描述二”：
厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚紧随其后，而前者的女性识字率 86% 要高于后者 79% 。
Ecuador and Bolivia are closely behind, with the former reporting higher female literacy rate (86%) than the latter (79%).
■ Main Body 3 对识字率情况进行“描述三”：
相对而言，牙买加的公民识字率最低，女性为 81% ，而男性只有 67% 。
Comparatively speaking, the least literate citizens are found in Jamaica, where female literacy rate is 81% and male literacy rate constitutes only 67%  the lowest percentage among the four countries.
■ Conclusion 揭示出现象背后的“本质”：
牙买加明显是四个国家中最落后的，而新加坡的社会和经济发展远超过其他三国。
In conclusion, while Jamaica is obviously the least advanced nation among the four, Singapore ' s social and economic development far exceeds that of the other three countries.
四地区中学和大学男女比例(2)
主题和结构分析
该柱状图要求描述世界上四个地区的男女学生在中学和大学的人数比例。在主体部分，可以分成两个段落，分别描写中学和大学的情况。另外，由于在大部分地区，女生比例高于男生，我们可以在引言部分之后，加入一个描述“总体规律”的段落。
布局清晰描写具体
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
这两个柱状图显示了在世界四个不同地区，男女学生在两大教育领域的比例。
The two bar charts demonstrate the proportions of boys and girls in two broad categories of education in four different regions of the world.
■ General Trend 揭示出一个“总体规律”：
总体而言，除了两个例外情况，女生无论在中学还是大学，都比男生要多。
In general, it is apparent that there are more girls than boys in either secondary or higher education across all the four areas, with two exceptions.
■ Main Body 1 对中学情况进行“描述一”：
欧洲的男女学生比例远超出其他地区，分别是撒哈拉南部地区的 9 倍和 5 倍。
In secondary education, Europe has by far the highest percentages of boy and girl students  95% and 100%, respectively  which are 9 and 5 times that of their peers in Sub  Saharan Africa.
■ Main Body 1 对中学情况进行“描述二”：
拉丁美洲和东亚的情况相近，前者的女生多于男生，后者恰好相反。
The situations in Latin America and East Asia are comparable  between 40% and 50% for both genders. While the former has slightly more girls than boys, the reverse is true for the latter.
■ Main Body 2 对大学情况进行“描述一”：
虽然欧洲仍占领先地位，但是四个地区的学生比例已经相当的接近。
Turning to higher education, although Europe still takes the leading position, the percentages among the four regions are quite close to each other.
■ Main Body 2 对大学情况进行“描述二”：
女生比例方面，欧洲是撒哈拉南部地区的 3 倍，而拉美的男女学生总比东亚的多些。
Whereas Europe beats Sub  Saharan Africa by threefold (45% to 15%) in terms of female percentage, there are always a fractionally larger proportion of students, regardless of their gender, in Latin America than in East Asia.
■ Conclusion 总结出第二个“总体规律”：
当学生由中学阶段进入大学阶段时，其人数往往会锐减。
In summary, the number of students tends to shrink dramatically when they are entering higher education.
■ Conclusion 总结出第三个“总体规律”：
发达国家的男女生比例要远高于许多发展中国家。
And it seems that developed countries have a significantly higher percentage of male and female students than many developing ones.

英国男女做家务时间的对比(3)
主题和结构分析
该表格要求描写英国的男性和女性每天花在家务活上的时间对比。表格中共有六类家务活，有些是男性做得多，有些是女性做得多，而还有一类家务活是男性和女性都做得很少的。另外，根据两性各自总的家务时间，还可以写成一个“总体规律”段落。
布局清晰描写具体
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
该表格通过对比男女两性用于做各种家务的时间，来显示英国家务劳动的规律。
The table shows the pattern of household labor in the UK through comparing the amount of time spent by different genders on a wide range of household tasks.
■ General Trend 揭示出一个“总体规律”：
调查揭示了两性在做家务方面有着差距，男性平均每天 3 小时，而女性却有 4 小时。
On the whole, the survey reveals a gap in the total time spent on housework by men and women, with men spending an average of about 3 hours per day, as opposed to more than 4 hours for women.
■ Main Body 对两性家务劳动时间进行“描述一”：
然而，在园艺和修理这两项家务中，男性所花的时间明显要比女性多。
However, in two categories (gardening and repairs), males are actually found to be doing much longer hours of housework than females.
■ Main Body 对两性家务劳动时间进行“描述二”：
在打扫、熨烫和照看孩子三项家务中，女性花的时间要多，可能与其传统角色有关。
By contrast, in other three categories, namely cleaning and washing up, ironing, care for the children, women spend significantly more time, perhaps reflecting their traditional role in household chores and parenting.
■ Main Body 对两性家务劳动时间进行“描述三”：
男女两性用于照料其他成人的时间都少得不成比例，分别只有每天 4 分钟和 3 分钟。
Finally, disproportionately fewer minutes are devoted by both genders to looking after other adults only 4 and 3 minutes per day by men and women, respectively.
■ Conclusion 揭示出现象背后的“本质”：
英国男女两性的家务活分配存在着明显的不平衡。同时，对其他成人的照料不够。
Overall, it indicates an apparent imbalance in the division of household duties between the two genders in the UK, as well as an insufficiency of care for other adults.
英国青少年男女的抽烟比例(4)
主题和结构分析
该表格要求描述英国在 1988 年、 1992 年和 1998 年的青少年抽烟的比例。其中有两个表格，分别显示男女青少年的情况，因此主体部分可以分成两段。另外，无论男女，都有随着年龄增长而抽烟比率上升的状况，因此可以加入一个“总体规律”的段落。
布局清晰描写具体
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
这两个表格显示了从 1988 年到 1998 年间的英国男女青少年烟民的比例。
The two tables show the proportions of British male and female adolescents who smoked regularly between 1988 and 1998.
■ General Trend 揭示出一个“总体规律”：
总体而言，无论男女，青少年抽烟者的比例会随着他们年龄的增长而上升。
In general, the percentages of teenage smokers, regardless of their gender, tend to increase with the advance of age.
■ Main Body 1 对男性青少年抽烟者进行“描述一”：
在男性中， 13 岁的抽烟者在 1988 年只有 5% ，1992 年略升至 6% ，1998 年回落到 5% 。
Among young males, there were only 5% of 13 years old smokers in 1988, increasing slightly to 6% in 1992 and returning to 5% in 1998.
■ Main Body 1 对男性青少年抽烟者进行“描述二”：
15 岁抽烟者的情况也差不多。在 1992 年时，达到最高值 21% ，是 13 岁的三倍多。
The same situation also existed among 15 years old, whose smoking population hit a peak of 21% in 1992, which was more than 3 times that of 13 years old in the same year.
■ Main Body 1 对男性青少年抽烟者进行“描述三”：
但是， 14 岁烟民的比例从 1988 年的 9% 激增到 1998 年的 16% 。
However, the percentage of smokers who were 14 years old rose sharply from 9% in 1988 to 16% ten years later.
■ Main Body 2 对女性青少年抽烟者进行“描述一”：
在女性中， 13 和 14 岁两个年龄组的抽烟比例增长迅猛，在十年间都分别翻倍了。
Turning to young females, dramatic growth of the smoking population were witnessed among two age groups (13 and 14 years old), whose percentages of smokers almost doubled from 4% to 9% and from 14% to 25%, respectively, during the 10 years period.
■ Main Body 2 对女性青少年抽烟者进行“描述二”：
15 岁的烟民人口稳步增长，到 1998 年增至 29% ，是同年 13 岁烟民比例的三倍。
Among 15 years old, the smoking population grew steadily from 22% (1988) to 26% (1992) and then to 29% in 1998, nearly triple that of 13 years old in the same year.
■ Conclusion 重申“总体规律”：
很明显，有越来越多的青少年由于没有认识到抽烟对健康的危害，而染上了烟瘾。
In conclusion, it is obvious that an increasing number of teenagers have taken up the habit of smoking without realizing it hidden health hazards.
■ Conclusion 总结出第二个“总体规律”：
令人震惊的是，青少年女性似乎比男性更沉迷于抽烟，这一现象应引起父母及社会学家的关注。
Moreover, to our great surprise, compared with young boys, their female counterparts seem to be more addicted to smoking, a phenomenon which should raise considerable concern among parents and sociologists.
世界人口分布及其教育投入(5)
主题和结构分析
这两个饼图要求描述世界各地区的人口分布，以及它们各自在教育上的开支。图中一共出现六个地区，我们可以把它们进行分组。非洲和撒哈拉在第一组，中东和东亚在第二组，而工业化国家和其他国家归入第三组。因此主体部分应分成三个段落。
布局清晰描写具体
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
这两张饼图揭示了世界人口在六个地区的分布状况以及 2000 年它们在教育上的开支。
The two pie charts illustrate how the world population is distributed in six different regions and their spending on education in 2000.
■ Main Body 1 对第一组的两个地区进行“描述”：
虽然非洲的人口是撒哈拉地区的四倍，但其教育开支却相当低——只是后者的两倍。
Although Africa ' s population (18%) was more than 4 times that of Saharan areas a region in the heart of the African continent, its proportion of spending on education was surprisingly low only double that of the latter (2% to 1%).
■ Main Body 2 对第二组的两个地区进行“描述一”：
与中东相比，东亚所占的世界人口比例要高得多（ 31% ）。
In comparison with the Middle East, East Asia accounted for a much higher percentage of world population (31%).
■ Main Body 2 对第二组的两个地区进行“描述二”：
但是东亚的教育投入仅仅 4% ，与中东的 6% 相比，是完全失衡的。
However, the educational spending in East Asia a mere 4% of the total  was completely out of proportion when compared to 6% in the Middle East.
■ Main Body 3 对第三组的两个地区进行“描述一”：
在工业化国家中，情况恰好相反： 其教育开支远超过其人口比例——正好是四倍。
Turning to industrial countries, the pattern was just the reverse: the spending on education in those nations (84%) far exceeds their percentage of world population (21%) in fact, it was exactly four  fold.
■ Main Body 3 对第三组的两个地区进行“描述二”：
而另一方面，其他国家的情况与非洲的极为相似。
On the other hand, the situation in other countries was very similar to that in Africa.
■ Conclusion 揭示出现象背后的“本质”，并做出“对比”：
很明显，发展中国家的教育投入与其人口成反比例，而工业化国家却非常重视教育。
In summary, it is apparent that the spending on education in the developing world is in inverse proportion to their population, whereas most industrial countries lay great emphasis on school education, the foundation of their national economies.
非洲四国的经济和社会指数(6)
主题和结构分析
该表格要求描述非洲四国（包括南非、摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚和苏丹）的某些社会和经济指数。主体部分可以根据这些指数的类型分成三段，分别描写人口多少、用水状况以及婴儿死亡率。其中用水状况一项比较复杂，必须详写，并比较城市和农村的不同。
布局清晰描写具体
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
该表比较了非洲四国的社会和经济发展，基于人口、安全用水以及婴儿死亡率等指数。
The table compares the social and economic growth of four African countries based on their size of population, access to safe water and infant mortality rate.
■ Main Body 1 对人口情况进行“描述一”：
在所列的四个国家中，南非的人口最多，有 3700 万。
Among the four countries listed, South Africa has the largest pollution (37.2 million).
■ Main Body 1 对人口情况进行“描述二”：
苏丹的人口只比南非少 120 万，位居第二。而摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚都有 280 万居民。
Sudan, with 1.2 million fewer people, is the second largest country in terms of population, followed by Morocco and Algeria, both having 28 million inhabitants.
■ Main Body 2 对安全用水情况进行“描述一”：
除苏丹外，其他国家的安全用水都不成问题。苏丹有 1/4 的人口无法使用清洁水源。
Moreover, easy access to safe water can be found in most countries except Sudan, where the condition of water supply is a little worse: a quarter of the population, in both urban and rural areas, has difficulty using clean water.
■ Main Body 2 对安全用水情况进行“描述二”：
在所有的四个国家中，城市居民的安全用水比例要远远高于农村居民的。
Also, in all four countries, a significantly higher percentage of urban dwellers than rural residents have access to safe water.
■ Main Body 3 对婴儿死亡率情况进行“描述”：
南非、摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚的婴儿死亡率都远低于苏丹（每 1000 个活婴有 75 个死亡）。
Finally, infant mortality rate is considerably lower in South Africa (28‰), Morocco (27‰) and Algeria (36‰) than in Sudan, where there are 75 cases of dead infants in every 1000 live births.
■ Conclusion 揭示出现象背后的“本质”：
该表格揭示了在被调查的四国中，苏丹是在社会和经济发展方面最为落后的国家。
Overall, the chart reveals that Sudan is the least developed in social and economic terms among the four countries surveyed.
学术类(A类)大作文
议论篇分析
女性是否可以参军及其利弊(1)
主题和结构分析
这是一道讨论“女性是否可以参军”的作文题。现在有不少女性加入了陆军、海军以及空军的行列。你对女性参军的看法如何？从提高妇女社会地位的角度出发，我们可以写成“完全支持型”的结构，论述女性参军的种种益处。
关键词汇分析
◆ serve: 服务、服役、服刑
写作实例： He was convicted by a local court and served an eighteen month sentence for theft.
◆ force: 军队、部队
写作实例： As many as 200 civilians and soldiers died during heavy fighting between government and rebel forces.
◆ female: 女性（的）
写作实例： Most female models have to retire around the age of 25, whereas a well preserved man can go on working into his forties.
布局清晰观点鲜明
■ Introduction 进行“重述”：
由于根深蒂固的偏见，女性不能享有与男性同等的参军的权利。
Having been regarded as the weaker sex due to a deep seated and yet biased belief, women are not able to join the army and share military duties on an equal basis with men in many countries.
■ Introduction 提出“中心论点”：
但是有不少人试图打破社会禁忌，在军队中发挥女性的才能，我持热烈支持态度。
However, there are still a great number of people who are trying to break down the social taboos by utilizing women's talents in the armed forces, of which I am a fervent advocate.
■ Main Body 1 提出“论点一”：
经过强化密集的训练，女性的身体条件并不一定比男性差，并同样能够完成重任。
Through intensive training courses, it has been proved that women are not necessarily physically weaker than their male counterparts and can accomplish equally difficult tasks.
支持论据一：
以女运动员为例，她们在某些体育领域中所表现的惊人体能是男同胞们无法企及的。
Taking female athletes for an example, the majority of them have displayed outstanding capacities that seem hardly attainable even for male professionals in certain domains of sports, such as gymnastics, diving and racing.
■ Main Body 2 提出“论点二”：
就精神方面的提高而言，军队的严格纪律造就了女性出奇的忍耐力和独立能力。
As far as mental improvement is concerned, harsh disciplines in the military forces enable women to be astonishingly patient, endurable and independent.
支持论据二：
她们掌握的军事知识和武术本领使其能在野外生存和自我防卫，从而在其离开军队成为老百姓后能提高生活质量。
In the meantime, they can acquire military knowledge and master martial arts, both of which are undoubtedly conducive to developing their skills of survival in the wild and self  defense, thus improving their quality of life when they leave the army and become civilians.
■ Main Body 3 提出“论点三”：
随着女性参军人数的增加，两性之间的社会平等可以最终实现。
With an increasing number of females enrolled in the army, navy and air force, the social equality between the two genders, which is considered one of the hallmarks of human civilization, can be ultimately realized.
支持论据三：
通过参与军事行动，曾经被认为是逊于男性的妇女们可以享受同等的工作机会。
Able to be involved in military operations, the fair sex, which was previously thought to be inferior to males, is entitled to equal job opportunities.
支持论据四：
女性可以在警察部门发挥她们的天赋以及施展特殊才能，或作为灾难的营救人员。
To bring their natural gifts and unique skills into full play, women can serve in the police department or as relief workers whenever disasters strike.
■ Conclusion 重申“中心论点”：
上述的分析和种种证据表明，女性和男性同样有资格参加到军队的行列之中。
To sum up, the above analysis and evidence leads us to the unquestionable conclusion that women are fully qualified to join the armed forces just as men.
■ Conclusion 提出更深层的“呼吁”：
我们应做出更多的努力来消除长期以来的性别歧视，从而提高女性的社会地位。
In fact, more effort should be made to eliminate the long  standing sexual discrimination and therefore boost women ' s social status as soon