听力应试技巧综述.doc

听力应试技巧综述
听力理解部分是六级考试的必考题型，而且在考试中占相当大的比重，然而此部分又是考生容易失分的部分，因此，我们为广大考生总结了听力考试的应试技巧：
1. 充分合理地利用时间
听力理解的录音内容与时间安排大致如下:
(1) 从试音、宣布考试开始至小段乐曲结束约为1分钟。
(2) 从“College English Test, Band Six, Part I Listening Comprehension, Section A, Directions” 起至短对话结束约为6分钟；然后迅速进入长对话,约为6分钟。
(3) 从“Section B, Directions”至短文理解结束约为10分钟。
(4) 从“Section C, Directions”至复合式听写结束约为7分钟。
考生应对考试中出现的四种题型及各个题型的Directions了然于胸,应充分利用各部分录音播放Directions的时间,迅速浏览该部分试题,并快速做出合理的推测。为节省时间,要采取先易后难的原则。根据各部分指令所占时间的不同,进行合理的分配。
各部分指令所用的时间如下:
对话:55秒。该部分包括8道短对话试题和7道长对话试题,要想在55秒内做出合理推测，时间略显不足。应该利用试音的1分钟快速浏览长对话的选项。
短文理解:35秒。对于三篇短文共10个问题的推测时间略显不足。
复合式听写:55秒。做该部分题目时，应该迅速通读全文,领会其主要意思,同时集中注意力推测前7个空。
此外,还要高效利用各题之间的间隙（约为15秒）,做完一题后,马上准备下一题。
2. 尽量排除干扰因素,调整好心态,既要谨慎,也要有自信心
在很多的试题中,个别单词没有听懂往往并不影响对该题的理解,因此在应试中不必强求听懂每一个单词。当然,没有听懂关键词而影响答题的情况也是有的,此时不要硬想该题的解答,而是应该放过,以免影响后面的答题。

短对话基本解题技巧
1. 提前阅读选项并进行推理判断的基本策略
由于六级考试级别和水平都较高,题型设计严格遵循测试要求,其要求之一就是选择题的四个选项在难度、长度和相关方面要一致。对我们有用的主要信息是以下三点:
（1） 四个选项都多少与话题有关,由此判断话题；
（2） 根据四个选项的形式判断所提问题的类型和内容；
（3） 根据四个选项的相似程度推测正确答案。
事实上,大多数试题均有线索可寻,甚至有的试题可直接推测出答案,对于无法推测出答案的试题大多也能猜出可能的提问。不易推测出答案的试题其选择项一般都只是句子的一个部分。例如:数字、非限定动词词组、名词等。对于这类试题要尽可能猜出其提问方式。
【例1】 A) Long exposure to the sun. B) Lack of sleep.
C) Too tight a hat. D) Long working hours.
【听前预测】 这四个选项,长时间的日晒、睡眠不足、帽子过紧、工作时间过长都有可能导致人的身体不适,因此我们可以大胆猜测,说话人之一感觉不舒服,对方可能询问原因(the reason, why, what is the cause...)。
【听力原文】
M: My headaches are terrible. Maybe I need more sleep.
W: Actually, you need less sun and some aspirin. It would help if you wear a hat.
Q: What is the cause of the man’s headache, according to the woman?
【答案剖析】 A)。本题的陷阱较多,男士自己认为他可能是因为睡眠不足,考生容易受到误导,选择B),而实际上题目问的是女士认为这位男士头疼的原因,根据less sun可以判断出答案应为A)。
2. 根据信息词判断地点和说话人的身份、职业、关系等
【例2】 A) Manager and employee. B) Salesman and customer.
C) Guide and tourist. D) Professor and student.
【听前预测】 很明显，这四个选项给出的信息是关系问题(relationship between the speakers)。
【听力原文】
W: Sorry, I did not come yesterday, because I had a temperature. Could you tell me the requirement for my term paper?
M: The theme of your paper can be about business management or touring resources in China, and the length of the paper should be no less than fifteen pages.
Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
【答案剖析】 D)。根据term paper一词我们可以做出选择,这是教授和学生的关系。
3. 注意记笔记,将人物、地点、时间等对号入座
这种方法很重要，短对话中往往涉及多个数字、地点、时间等,而我们又不确定实际会考查哪一个,甚至有时需要我们快速地计算,因此,做笔记有利于找出正确的答案。
【例3】 A)＄12. B)＄14. C)＄24. D)＄30.
【听前预测】 这种数字题,通常需要判断、计算,直接听到的信息一般不是正确答案。
【听力原文】
M: Operator, I’d like to make a call to Paris, please. How much will it cost?
W: ＄10 for the first three minutes and ＄2 for each additional minute.
Q: How much will a ten-minute call cost?
【答案剖析】 C)。本题涉及4个数字,如果能迅速记录下来,通过计算10+（10-3）×2就会很容易得出答案为C)＄24。
短对话基本问题类型
1. 按问题涉及类型分类
(1) 问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等。例如:　　
What does the woman want for lunch? 　　
What are they talking about? 　　
What kind of books does the man want to borrow?
(2) 问“做什么”。例如:　　
What does the woman suggest the man do? 　　
What are the speakers doing now?
(3) 问“什么含义”。例如:　　
What does the man mean/imply? 　　
What does the woman’s answer suggest?
(4) 问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”。例如:　　
What can we learn from the conversation? 　　
What can be concluded from this conversation?
(5) 问“对某人或某事有什么看法”。例如：　　
What does the man think of Miss Brown? 　　
What does the woman think of the plan?
(6) 问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”。例如：　　
Where does this talk most probably take place? 　　
Where does this conversation most likely occur?
(7) 问“时间”。例如：
When did the game finally start? When will the winter vacation begin?
(8) 问“原因或目的”。例如：　　
Why is the man late? 　　
Why did the man repair the car by himself?
(9) 问“对话某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及的其他人的情况”。例如：
Who is the man?
What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
(10) 问“做事的方式或某人的感受”。例如：
How did the teacher usually begin his class?
How do they like the film?
(11) 问“数字、年龄”等。例如：　　
How many persons...? 　　
How old is...? 　
偶尔也有个别一般疑问句，但也可能出现其他类型的问句(如以Whom, Whose, Which提问),或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。
2. 按对话内容分类　　
(1) 时间类:包括直接型和计算型。例如：　　
W: Your library books are due on December 13. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once. 　　
M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days. 　　
Q: When must the man return his books to the library? （直接型）　　
(2) 数字类:包括直接型和计算型。例如：　　
W: Do you live in a college dormitory? 　　
M: Yes, I do. It’s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there. 　　 Q: How many people share the suite now? （直接型）　　
(3) 地点类:包括直接型和含蓄型。例如：　　
M: I need to cash this check. 　　
W: Will you step right over to the teller’s window, please? 　　
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?(含蓄型）
(4) 否定类:此类对话既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定词,也有but, although等转折词,或由would rather, too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此,对这些关键词后面的内容要特别加以注意。例如：
M: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows that small city very well. I was told that you lived there for quite a long time.
W: Oh, I wish I could help, but I was only a child then.
Q: What does the woman imply?
(5) 人物类:包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人物关系或身份。例如：
M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.
W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?
Q: What’s the relationship between the man and the woman?
(6) 活动类:这一类谈话内容涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。例如：
W: Jerry, can you pick me up after work today? I left my car at the garage.
M: I’m afraid I can’t. I have scheduled an appointment with a client at dinner time. Q: What is the man going to do?
六级考试的对话场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,如校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所等。考生既要熟悉各种场景,还要了解这些场景下的常用语和常见表达,这对解题很有帮助。不仅要知道这些常用词汇和短语的意思,还要知道他们的同义表达方式,因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。而掌握这些场景下选项的特点和提问方式,必然有助于选择正确的答案。
以下场景是对话中所占比例较大的:
1. 与饮食相关
包括外出就餐、在饭店找座位、点菜、谈论食物及减肥等相关话题。
【例4】 W: Your wife told me that you eat out four or five times a week, I really envy you!
M: Don’t envy me! It’s for business. In fact, I’m sick and tired of restaurant food! Sometimes, I just prefer a home-cooked meal.
Q: Why does the man say he often eats out?
A) It’s less time-consuming. B) His wife is tired of cooking.
C) It’s part of his job. D) He is sick of home-cooked meals. (06.12.16)
【解析】 C)。本题中女士非常羡慕男士经常在外面吃饭,但是男士却说那不过是为了工作而已(It’s for business),实际上他并不喜欢饭店做的饭菜,有时反而希望能吃顿家常饭。
常用词汇及表达方式:
go out to/for dinner; eat out; dine out; go out eating; have a table for four; a corner table; a table near the window; reserve a table; It’s my treat. I am buying. It’s on me. Be my guest. They serve good food in this restaurant. Let’s go Dutch! = Let’s split (各自付账)! I’ll be back with your order. How about the food I ordered？
2. 与住宿相关
涉及租房、住校、住旅馆、订旅馆等各种场景。
【例5】 W: I’m afraid I can’t show you the apartment at the moment, because the tenant is still living in it. It’s really a lovely place with a big kitchen and a sunny window, for only ＄200 a month.
M: Sounds good, but we really can’t rent an apartment without seeing it first.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
A) The man will rent the apartment when it is available.
B) The man made a bargain with the landlady over the rent.
C) The man insists on having a look at the apartment first.
D) The man is not fully satisfied with the apartment. (06.12(新).12)
【解析】 C)。对话中女士在暂时无法让男士看房子的情况下，夸赞自己的房子，而男士则坚持不能在没有见到公寓的情况下就将其租下，意为要先看房子再做决定。C)中的look at...first对应文中的seeing...first。
常用词汇及表达方式:
can’t put up with the noise; have a room to let/for rent; furnished; electric appliances; dryer; sink; maintenance man; tenant; expensive near the campus; inexpensive in the rural area; damage deposit; heater; shower; make reservation; check in; keep one’s valuables (贵重物品); check out; room service; a wake-up call at 7:00 tomorrow morning; laundry service; motel; vacant room; suite (套房)
3. 与交通相关
【例6】 W: It’s always been hard to get this car into first gear, and now the clutch seems to be slipping.
M: If you leave the car with me, I will fix it for you this afternoon.
Q: Who is the woman probably speaking to?
A) A car dealer. B) A mechanic.
C) A driving examiner. D) A technical consultant. (07.12.15)
【解析】 B)。两人的对话中提到了this car， first gear， clutch等关键词，而且男士说要为女士修车，可见女士说话的对象应该是机械修理工。
常用词汇及表达方式：
railway system/network; fast/through train （直达快车）; stopping/slow train （慢车）; excursion train （游览列车）; commuter/suburban train （市郊列车）; coach/carriage （车厢）; sleeper （卧铺）; dining/restaurant/luncheon car （餐车）; up train （上行车）; down train （下行车）; luggage van/baggage car （行李车厢）; station hall （车站大厅）; ticket-collector/gateman （收票员）; platform ticket （站台票）; buffet （小卖部）; waiting room （候车室）; left-luggage office （行李暂存处）; car/train attendant （列车员）; guard/conductor （列车长）; rack/baggage rack （行李架）; flight; direct flight （直飞）; transfer （转机）; board （登机）; boarding pass （登机牌）; check in; take off; land/landing; touch down （落地）; first class; economy class; seat belt; departure （出发）; luggage/baggage; on schedule=on time （准时到达）; circle （盘旋）; wing （机翼）； terminal （终点站）; airport lounge （候机大厅）; passport; papers （证件）; safe-conduct/pass （安全通行证）; departure lounge （候机室）; flight number （航班号）; international arrival （国际抵达处）; domestic arrival （国内抵达处）
4. 与身体健康有关
涉及谈论健康状况、健身、看医生、看望病人等相关场景。
【例7】 W: I’m worried about Anna. She’s really been depressed lately. All she does is staying in her room all day.
M: That sounds serious! She’d better see a psychiatrist at the counseling centre.
Q: What does the man suggest Anna do?
A) Cheer herself up a bit. B) Find a more suitable job.
C) Seek professional advice. D) Take a psychology course. (07.06.17)
【解析】 C)。女士说她担心Anna，因为Anna最近很沮丧，整天待在屋里。男士建议Anna去咨询中心看精神病医生。看精神病医生的目的是要寻求医生的专业建议。
常用词汇及表达方式:
make an appointment to see the doctor; twist one’s ankle; student’s health centre； prescribe； treatment； cure； ward； surgeon； physician； operation； medical insurance； clinic; medical centre; fill the prescription (配处方上的药); refill the prescription (继续按方抓药)
5. 与学习相关
(1) 教授和学生 一般而言,涉及的场景包括学生问老师问题；学生寻求老师的帮助；学生询问老师对作业的意见；老师要求学生核对论文、改正错误；老师评价学生等。
【例8】M: You did an excellent job in school! You were indeed a great student. Where did your drive come from?
W: Academic achievements were important to my parents as immigrants. Education is where it all begins. My mother in particular tries to get me interested in school.
Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
A) Her mother was quite outstanding in academic work.
B) She was not particularly interested in going to school.
C) Her parents laid great emphasis on academic excellence.
D) She helped upgrade the educational level of immigrants. (06.12.13)
【解析】 C)。老师认为学生相当出色,并且询问她的动力来自哪里。根据女生回答的第一句话“我的父母是移民,对他们而言,我在学业上的成绩非常重要”来判断,正确答案是C)。
常用词汇及表达方式:
do research for; semester; work as one’s teaching assistant; come in one’s office hours; finish reading one’s research report; revise/improve some parts of it; get it published; read some papers the professor recommended; correct all the typing errors in a paper; read it through again
(2) 同学之间交流学生交流的内容包括选课、听课感受和评价、提供老师论文复印件、交流论文写作进展、交流如何读书、互相祝贺考试通过、给生病同学补课、认识新同学、为打印论文而向对方询问如何找纸、谈论学习进展等。
【例9】 W: I find the lounge such a cozy place to study in. I really like the feeling in sitting on the sofa and doing the reading.
M: Well, for me the hardest part about studying here is staying awake.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He will help the woman with her reading.
B) The lounge is not a place for him to study in.
C) He feels sleepy whenever he tries to study.
D) A cozy place is rather hard to find on campus. (07.12.17)
【解析】 B)。对话中女士认为在休息室学习很舒服。男士说，对他而言，在这里学习最难做到的是不打瞌睡，可见男士不适合在休息室里学习。
常用词汇及表达方式：
freshman/fresher; sophomore; junior; senior; credit; optional course; required course; undergraduate; graduate; Ph.D/Doctor (博士); J. D (法学博士); M. D (医学博士); psychologist; psychology; ecology (生态学); geology; staff; faculty (教学人员); essay; paper (学期论文); thesis (研究生毕业论文); dissertation (博士毕业论文); distract

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短对话命题的基本解题技巧及基本问题类型 听力应试技巧综述听力理解部分是六级考试的必考题型，而且在考试中占相当大的比重，然而此部分又是考生容易失分的部分，因此，我们为广大考生总结了听力考试的应试技...
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6. 与工作相关
包括面试、工作状况、失去工作、找工作等。
【例10】 M: I really need to make some extra money. You know, I’ve practically spent my entire budget for this semester.
W: Why not check out the new cafeteria at Market Street? I think there are still a few openings suitable for seniors like you.
W: What does the woman suggest the man do?
A) Work out a plan to tighten his budget. B) Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria.
C) Apply for a senior position in the restaurant. D) Solve his problem by doing a part-time job. (2008.06.12)
【解析】 D)。男士说他这个学期的预算已经花完了，没有多余的钱了。女士用Why not...句式提出建议，让他去市场街的新餐厅看看，她认为那里还有空缺的岗位。由此可见，女士建议男士去打工赚钱，解决自己面临的问题。
常用词汇及表达方式:
be confident about the job interview; post/position; promotion; raise; salary; fire/lay off; career planning; turn down the offer; get bored with the same routine; awfully dull; really exciting; very exhausting; quite challenging; stimulating; My boss usually finds sth. for me to do at the last minute. It means frequent business trips away from family. The pay is too low to support one’s family.
7. 与休闲娱乐相关
(1) 娱乐活动(看电影、逛街、参加晚会、演奏会等)
【例11】 W: What a great singer Justin is! His concert is just awesome. And youll never regret the money you paid for the ticket.
W: Yeah. Judging by the amount of the applause, everyone was enjoying it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
A) Applause encourages the singer.
B) She regrets paying for the concert.
C) Almost everyone loves pop music.
D) The concert is very impressive. (09.12.13)
【解析】 D)。对话中男士称赞Justin是位了不起的歌手，女士花钱买票看他的音乐会肯定不会后悔。女士表示赞同，并说从欢呼声中可以看出人人都很喜欢这场音乐会。由此可见这场音乐会给人印象深刻，所以D)为正确答案。Complacency is the enemy of study.学习的敌人是自己的满足。
常用词汇及表达方式:
go to the movies; see a different type of movie for a change; be tired of movies about romantic stories; detective stories; cannot afford something new; attend a party; exhibition; sculpture; carving; art gallery
(2) 外出旅行
【例12】 W: I just called the travel agency. It’s all set. On June 1st, we are heading for the mountains, and we’ll be camping there for a whole week.
M: Have you checked the academic calendar? My classes aren’t over until the 8th.
Q: What does the man imply?
A) They might have to change their plan.
B) He has got everything set for their trip.
C) He has a heavier workload than the woman.
D) They could stay in the mountains until June 8. (08.06.16)
【解析】 A)。女士向男士通报出行计划，6月1号出发前往山区，并且在那里待上一周。男士回答说，他的课程一直到8号才结束，男士的意思是1号无法如期出发。由此可见，他们可能不得不改变原定的计划。
常用词汇及表达方式:
be on the plane; fly somewhere for one’s vacation; leave very early; set off early; go sightseeing; take a half day tour of the city; spend more time on sightseeing; get to the airport in time to catch the flight; get one’s flight changed; switch to a different flight
(3) 运动休闲
【例13】 M: Good news! I am not going to have surgery after all. The doctor says I can start working out again soon and maybe play football like before in a few weeks.
W: That’s terrific. It will be great if you could get back in shape