九年级被动语态教案.doc

被动语态 (专题)
一、语态概述
我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
二、被动语态的谓语结构：be done (过去分词)
①主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 e.g.：Many people speak Chinese.
②被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people.
三、 动词的过去分词：
规则性动词的过去分词
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
work--worked --worked visit --visited-- visited
2) 以不发音e结尾的加-d live--lived--lived
3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed
study --studied --studied cry--cried--cried try--tried--tried fry-fried--fried
4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(r y x)除外， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed
stop—stopped—stopped drop—dropped—dropped
不规则动词的过去分词：Page/184-185 Irregular verbs
四、 何时使用被动语态
1)、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；例如：
Football is played all over the world． （没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者）
2)、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
3)、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …
4)、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：
Tina is asked to come by Paul．
Tina是被Paul叫来的。
5)、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：
He was born in October，1989．
五、主动语态变被动语态步骤:
①判断时态：思考这种时态的被动语态结构。
②主变宾：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语。
③谓动变被动：把谓语动词变成被动结构（be + done）
④主语放by后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by（被）之后，将主格变为宾格。
被动语态变化模式如图：
He plants trees in spring.
主 谓 宾（受动着）

Trees are planted by him in spring.
六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：
①时态保持一致。
I have repaired my computer. ----My computer has been repaired.
②谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
His best friend often look after him.-- He is often looked after by his best friend.
③主动语态中若有双宾语，将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语，另一个宾语不变。
(动词make /buy/get 用for, give/send/lend/take 用to )
Lily gave me a book (双宾语，m为间接宾，a book 为直接宾语）
I was given a book by Lily .
A book was given to me by Lily. (直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）
④主动语态若有复合宾语，(即句子结构为主+及物动词+宾+宾补）将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。
They call him Mike.---He is called Mike.
⑤主动语态中动词make ,have, let ,notice,see,watch,look at, hear, listen to, feel 等变为被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to。
Mr.Li made him wash the dishes.---He was made to wash the dishes.
⑥有些动词不能用于被动语态 take place/ happen/come true/break out /belong to 等
All your dreams will come true if you try your best.
各种时态的被动语态结构: be done( 总结构)
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+done
一般过去时
did
was/were/+done
情态动词
情态动词+do
情态动词+be+done
一般将来时
Will+do
will +be +done
现在进行时
am+is+are+doing
am+is+are+being+done
过去进行时
was/were/+doing
was/were/+being/done
现在完成时
have/has+done
have/has/been +done

7.含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 （歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be，加“过分”。）
e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired by us in two days. 2.He must finish this work soon. This work must be finished by him soon. 3.We should plant trees in spring. Trees should be planted by us in spring.
初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有：
can（be done） 能够被…
may（be done） 可以\能被…
must（be done） 必须被…
need（be done） 需要被…
should（be done） 应该被…

巩固练习一。
1. ( ) The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
2. ( ) The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
3. ( ) The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
4. ( ) Now these magazines________ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
5. ( ) The pot ___ for ___ hot water
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
6. ( ) Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
7. ( )The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
8.( ). The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
9. ( )--Kate got her driver’s license yesterday.
-- I think 15-year-old _______ drive. They are not calm enough.
A. should be allowed not to B. should allow to
C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. should be allowed to
10. ( )The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
二．将下列主动句转换成被动句
1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games
_____ _____ _____ not to waste time on playing computer games by ___.___ _______.
2. The workers are building a new railway between the two cities.
A new railway ______ _______ ________ between two cities by ___.___ _______.
3.They should do it right now.
____ _________ ________ ________ right now by them.
4.They named the boy Johnson.
The boy _______ _________ _________ by them.
5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave
The little girl_______ _______ _______ clean the cave by the monster.
6..We can’t do it in one day.
It ________ _________ ___________ by us in one day.
7. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.
He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.
8. We can save a lot of water .
A lot of water ______ _______ _______ by us.
9 .I told her to return the book in time.
She ______ _______ to return the book in time.
10.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.
三、用适当形式填空。（被动语态）
1)Teenagers should ________ (allow) to go out at night.
2)The telephone ____________ (invent) by Bell.
3) English __________ (speak) in China.
4) The car ___________ (make) in China.
5) The room must ____________ (clean) every day.