九年级语法专讲---被动语态.doc

语法专讲一：被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时。The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时。It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .一、被动语态的基本结构：be+V.pp不同的时态有不同的被动语态的结构，在学习被动语态之前必须熟悉各种时态的结构，你是否还记得所学过的时态结构？1. 一般现在时： 2.一般过去时： _3.一般将来时： 4.现在进行时： 5.过去进行时： _6.现在完成时： 7.过去完成时：_那么以上各个事态的被动语态结构就应该是：1.一般现在时： 2.一般过去时： _3.一般将来时： 4.现在进行时： 5.过去进行时： _6.现在完成时： 7.过去完成时：_二、如何将主动语态变为被动语态：1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语。2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3, 原主动句子中的主语,由by（by+宾格）引出，如果没有必要,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。 3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。试做下面的练习：1.She often learns English in the morning._2.Tom helped me to clean the bed room._3.We will plant trees tomorrow._4.I have ever seen the film._5.You can invite him to go to the concert ._含有情态动词can,may, must , need,should,will,might,could的被动语态结构应该是：_三、 特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态： 动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb 1.He gave me a book I _ _ a book by him. A book _ _ _ me by him .2.My mother made me a cake . I _ _ a cake by my mother A cake _ _ _ me by my mother .3. Can you pass me the book?_2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。意思就是变成被动语态时将省略的to还原。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth sb + be +made +to do sth See sb do sth. sb +be +seen +to do sth.The boss made the workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .She has run out of her money._一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、 根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。The new bike _ _ _ _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week _ your mobile phone _ _ _（是国产的吗）？ The whole mountain is _ _ (覆盖) the snow.五、 下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 I have a lot of homework to be done tonight _Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ _Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people _The music is sounded beautiful. _By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _3