人教版九年级英语上被动语态.doc

科目英语年级九年级班型培优班教师课时11/20课 题被动语态学习重点语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。语态分为“主动语态”和“被动语态”两种，其中，主动语态强调动作的执行者；被动语态强调动作的承受者。被动语态是初中阶段英语学习的重要知识点之一。考查被动语态的形式较多，同学们比较害怕的是在完形填空、阅读理解中遇到被动语态与其他语言点混合搭配构成长难句，导致在语篇理解时，总有磕磕绊绊的感觉，甚至彻底迷失在语态和多重复合句中。今天，我们就先从基础知识入手，三步搞定被动语态。希望通过这个小专题的学习，帮助大家迅速掌握被动语态的基本形态和判定方式。一、被动语态定义被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语意为：被、受、给等。动作的执行者由介词“by”引出。英语中使用被动语态的情况通常有：1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者；2. 强调动作的承受者；3. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。例：1. Ourteachertoldusasportsmeetingwouldbeheldinourschoolnextweek. 老师告诉我们运动会下周在我们学校举行。（没必要指出动作执行者）2. LittleTomisoftenlaughedatbecauseofhisaccent.由于Tom的口音，他总是被人嘲笑。（强调动作承受者）3. The super star just stepped out of the room and then was immediately recognized by the passersby. 这个明星刚刚走出房间就立刻被路人认出来了。（句子的主语是动作的承受者）二、被动语态的结构与时态被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。时态助动词be过去分词一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/were现在进行时am/is/are being过去进行时was/were being现在完成时have/has been过去完成时had been一般将来时will beam/is/are going to be过去将来时would/should bewas/were going to be情态动词情态动词+be提醒：被动语态所有的时态都体现在助动词“be”上，过去分词的部分不随时态变化而变化。备注：初中阶段接触的9大时态（附表中阴影部分）中，现在完成进行时没有被动语态。一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来典型例句：1. The pet dog is treated kindly by its owner. （一般现在时）2. A dog was knocked down by a car yesterday. （一般过去时）3. As people pay more attention to environment protection, more and more trees will be planted. （一般将来时）4. Our teacher told us a sports meeting would be held in our school next week.（过去将来时）5. My bike is being repaired now, so I have to go to school on foot. （现在进行时）6. We went to the library for some books, only to find that it was being decorated. （过去进行时）7. English has been learned by us for many years. （现在完成时）8. The dinner had been prepared well when I arrived home.（过去完成时）9. These flowers should be watered every day.（情态动词）三、解题思路第一步：寻找标志词“by”：提示：有些题目中并不出现“by”。第二步：判断主被动：即：通过逻辑，判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系是主动还是被动。第三步：判断时态及主谓一致：通过时间词或上下文语境判断动作发生时间，即时态；主语和谓语动词的数应该保持一致。学习过程1.【2016广东】He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.A. invites B. invited C. is invitedD. was invited2.【2015北京】These model cars _ in China in 2013.A. are madeB. were made C. makeD. made3【2015天津】The novel _ by many people today.A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read4. 【2015重庆】- How clean your car is!- Thank you. It _ very often.A. is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed5. 【2015湖北黄冈】-Do you think teenagers _ to make their own decisions?-No, I dont agree with you. Theyre too young to do that.A. encourage B. are encouraging C. are encouraged D. were encouraged6. 【2015江苏南京】Pukou Railway Station _ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.A. build B. is built C. built D. was built7. 【2016北京】A new road _ near my school next year.A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built8. 【2016河北】Emily is glad that she _ for her honesty at the meeting.A. praise B. praised C. is praised D. was praised9. 【2016陕西】Football _ to our school subjects last year.A. is added B. adds C. was added D. added10. 【2016山东青岛】Children should _ to be honest from a young age. A. educate B. be educated C. punish D. be punished主动和被动语态的转换转换方式： 将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be动词的过去分词 done”结构； 将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语，放在谓语 动词之后（有时可省略）。例句：Ironman hits Spiderman every day. 钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。_Spiderman is hit by Ironman everyday.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。 转换方式：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介 词和副词。例句： He always takes care of his sister. 他总是照顾他的妹妹。His sister is always taken care of by him.带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态转换方式：变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补 足语。例句：All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。The_houses are painted white by all the villagers.双宾语改为被动语态转换方式：谓语动词带双宾语时，既可将间接宾语转化成主语，也可将直接宾语转化成主语。 方式一：若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；方式二：若将直接宾语转化为 主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。例句：He gave her some books. 他给了她一些书。She was given some books by him.（间接宾语转化 主语）Some books were given her by him.（直接宾语转化 为主语）主动结构表示被动含义1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物 时，可用主动语态表示被动意义，用来描述主语特征。例句：The door wont lock 这个门锁不上。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。2. look, smell, sound, taste 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。例句：I think the fish must taste good. 我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很充分。3. want/ need/ require +doing 相当于 want/ need/ require + to be done。例句：The house needs repairing.这房子需要修理。_The house needs to be repaired._练习：1Whats the meaning of the activity Lets Save？Paper shouldntin everyday life（） AwasteBwastedCbe wastedDis wasted2The Dongying-Hainan airlinefor about 5 monthsI have taken the flights three times（）Ais openBhas opened Chas been openDhas been opened3My housewhen you visited Beijing last time，so I didnt invite you to my home（）Awas being decorated Bis being decorated Chas been decorated Dwas decorated4My email_to you last nightHave you received it_？（） Asent；yetBis sent；alreadyCwas sent；yet5In the past few years，thousands of filmsall over the world（） Ahave produced Bhave been producedCare producing Dare being produced6Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for schoolI think a bridgeover the river（） Ashould be built Bis being built Chas been built Dwas built7The World Expo（世博会）in Shanghai now（） Abeing hadBis having Cis holdingDis being held8Now its much easier to shop online when your order is ready，the things you want to buyto you soon（）AsendBwere sentCare sendingDwill be sent巩固练习：从下面各题所给选项中，选择最佳选项。1. （2015青岛）We _ to start at once, or we will miss the train. Atell Bhave told Care told Dtold2.Does she like singing English songs?Yes. She _ to sing English songs in her room.Aoften does Bis often heard Coften hears3.（2014新疆阜康、米泉）Mary was heard _ just now. What happened? John was telling a joke.Acry Bto cry ClaughDto laugh4. It is said that the project connecting the mainland and Hong Kong _ soon.Ais completed Bhas completed Cwill complete Dwill be completed5. These new clothes _ to the children in the village tomorrow.Aare sent Bwere sent Cwill sendDwill be sent6.More workers _ in the city because the government plans to build a lot of buildings.Aneed Bis needed Cwas needed Dwill be needed7.A new park _ in our hometown next year. Really? Our hometown must be more beautiful.Awill build Bwill be built Cis builtDwill built be8.The sports meeting _ next month.Awill hold Bis going to hold Cwill be held9.It is reported that Daimiao Culture Square _ in Taian next year.Awill be built Bwere built Chas builtDwill build10.The computer is broken. _ it _ today?AWill; repair BHas; repaired CWill; be repaired DHas; been repaired.11.（2013内蒙古呼和浩特）If you see the cartoon film, you will _ laugh.Abe made Bbe made to Cmake to Dmake12.（中考长沙）I am afraid that I cant finish the task successfully.Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to do it.Awill be given Bgive Cwill give13. Each time tourists travel to Beijing, they _ the Forbidden City.Awill be shown up Bwill be shown around Cwill show around Dwill show to14.（2015河南）Now its much easier to shop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buy _ to your soon.Asend Bwere sent Care sending Dwill be sent15.(2013广东中山三校联考,33,) These new clothes _ to the children in the mountain villages tomorrow.Aare sent Bwere sent Chas been sent Dwill be sent16.（2014辽宁沈阳，11，）The office phones are dirty and they _ next week.Awill clean Bwill be cleanedCare cleaning Dare cleaned17. Im afraid the task _ in four hours. We need two more hours.Awont finish Bwont be finished Cdidnt finish Dwasnt finished18. A new play _ at the theatre tomorrow evening. Really? Good news!Ais put on Bwill be put on Cwas put on Dwill put on19.As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country.Ateaches Bis taughtChas taught Dwas taught20.Congratulations! You _ to be a volunteer of BRICS meeting. Really! I cant believe it!AchooseBhave chosenCare chosen8