必修1 第一单元 单词语法.doc

Unit 1 重点单词
1.add up 合计，加起来
add up to...... 共计，总计达；加起来等于（不用于被动语态，后常跟数字作宾语）
add.....to..... 把...加在...里面； 往....里添加...... I want to add more sugar to my coffee.
add to.... 增加，增添，促进 The bad weather added to our difficulties.
Please add up the numbers and I'm sure they will add up to 100.
2. (1) adj. be upset about/over/at sth.....对.....感到心烦 be upset that.... .... 让人不安/心烦
She is upset about the bad news. I'm upset that you lied to me.
(2) vt. upset oneself about sth 某人（自己）为某事烦恼
It upset(s) sb that...让某人心烦/不安的是.....
Don’t upset yourself about the bad news. It upset me that you lied to me.
(3) 打翻，碰倒 She stood up suddenly and upset a glass of wine.
3. be concerned about/for 关心；挂念 I'm concerned about my English test.
be concerned with 与....有关；涉及；对.....感兴趣 The book is concerned with unemployment.
as/so far as...be concerned 就....而言 As far as I am concerned, this arrangement is quite satisfactory.
4. go through
(1) 经历；经受 She went through a lot of difficulties in her childhood.
(2) 通过；穿过 We went through two caves.
(3) 检查；审查 The police went through the three suitcase but didn't find anything valuable.
(4) 花完；用光 I went through a lot of money during my trip.
5. suffer 后接一般的损害、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿、损失等抽象名词
suffer from 后接具体的表示疾病或者造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名词，尤其指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难
He suffered an injury in the war. He has suffered from the lung cancer for many years.
6. recover from 从.....中恢复过来 recover oneself 恢复过来；镇定下来
It took a long time for him to recover from a bad cold. She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.
7. (get）be tired of sth/doing sh 对....厌烦(心理上) get...强调动作 be.....强调状态
be tired from（with） sth/doing sht 由于......而疲倦（身体上） be tired out 筋疲力尽
Sometimes I am tired from/with reading, and even sometimes I am tired out, but I am never tired of it.
8. disagree on 在某方面意见不合；有分歧
disagree with 不同意某人的观点；（食物、气候等）不适宜
Though he disagrees with you on this point, he will try his best to help you.
The climate here disagrees with the visitor from a foreign country.
9. be grateful to sb for sth 为某事而感激某人 be grateful that 感激.....
We are grateful to you for the help you have given us.
I was very grateful that you could borrow me the book.
10. (1)join in( sth/doing sth) 参加；加入 （可以直接加宾语也可以不加宾语）
Thousands of people joined in the celebration on Tuesday.They came out for their morning exercises. I also joined in.
(2)join sb in sth/doing sth和某人一起(参加活动)等 Would you like to join me in taking a walk?
(3)join sth/sb 指加入某组织、团体，如参军，入团，入党等 when did your brother join the army?
11. set down 记下；放下；登记
He set down the heavy box and rested for a while. Please set me down at the next corner.
set about(doing) sth= set out to do sth 着手做某事
set off 动身；出发；引爆 set（.....）aside 留出；把....放在一旁
set back 使推迟；耽误 set up 设置；开办
12. settle down (使)安静下来；安顿下来；定居 settle down to（doing）sth 着手认真做某事
settle in/into 适应（新的环境） settle on 决定，选定；转让；赠与
After the settlers (移民)settled in their new settlement（定居点）,they found they couldn't settle down to their new job, so there would be some time for them to settle in the new environment.
Unit 1 直接引语与间接引语（一）陈述句与疑问句
一 定义
直接引语
直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号，被引用的句子称为直接引语
间接引语
用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分称为间接引语（多数以宾语从句的形式构成）
“I can see him now,” the boss said.----------- The boss said that he could see him then.

二 直接引语与间接引语互相转化时应注意的问题
应特别注意以下四个变化：句型变化（陈述句，疑问句，祈使句）、时态的变化、人称变化、状语变化。
1、句型的变化
规则说明
例句
直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由that（口语中可以省略）引导的宾语从句。根据句意，主句谓语say to，或said to可改为tell或told
“I want to stay here,”he said.----
He said that he wanted to stay here.
She said to me,”I will come here to help you.”
She told me that he would go there to help me.
直接引语若为疑问句时，应注意
（1） 间接引语的语序应改为陈述语序。
（2） 若为一般疑问句，则在变为间接引语时要用连词whether/if来引导，主句中用said时应改为asked。(注意：与or连用时用whether)
（3） 若为特殊疑问句，则保留原来的疑问词，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
He said,”Are you interested in English?”------
He asked (me) whether/if I was interested in English.
He asked me,”How can I get to the railway station?”--
He asked me how he could get to the railway station.
2、时态的变化
（1）直接引语变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词为一般过去时的时候，从句谓语动词要发生相应的变化。
主句谓语动词的形式
直接引语时态
间接引语时态
主句谓语动词是一般过去时
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时
-----------
不变
She often says, “All men and women are equal uder the law .”---She often says all men and women are equal under the law.
“You did very well,” I have just told Tom.-----I have just told Tom that you did very well.
（2）直接引语变为间接引语时态不变的其他情况：
规则说明

当直接引语是客观真理，客观时刻表，经常的习惯，历史事件时，谚语以及名人名言
He said,”The earth goes around the sun.”----- He said that the earth goes around the sun.
He said the plane takes off at 6:30 am.
He said to the doctor,”I smoke two packs every day.”----- He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.
The teacher said, ”World War II ended in 1945.”------ The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.
He said where there is a will,there is a way.
当直接引语为一般过去时，有具体的过去某年、月、日作状语时
Mr wang said,”I was born in China in September, 1972.”
Mr wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.
直接引语含有情态动词must,ought to, used to, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would等
She said to me,”You must hurry up.”
She said that I must（had to）hurry up.
当直接引语为过去完成时，过去进行时
She said, “They had left when I arrived there.”------She said that they had left when she arrived there.
Jack said,“Where were you going when I met you in the street?” -----Jack asked where I was going when he met me in the street。
3、人称的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词要根据其在句中的意思进行相应变化。
4、状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，随着时态的变化状语也要进行相应变化
注意事项
直接引语
间接引语
时间状语
now 现在
then 那时
today 今天
that day 那天
tonight今天晚上
that night 那天晚上
this morning今天上午
that morning那天上午
this week(month,etc.)本星期
that week(month,etc.)那星期
yesterday昨天
the day before前一天
the day before yesterday前天
two days before 两天前
last week(year,etc.)上星期
the week before前一周
three days（a year,etc.)ago 三天以前
three days before前三天
tomorrow明天
the next/ following day次日
the day after tomorrow后天
in two days' time两天后
next week(month,etc.)
the next/following)week
地点状语
here
there
其他需注意：
注意事项
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this这个
that那个
these这些
those那些
方向性动词
bring带来
take带走
come来
go去

练习题：
1 “How many people are there in your family?”he asked the boy.
2 She asked me,”which do you like best.”
3 “Did you watch TV last night?’” he asked.

Unit 1 单元巩固测评
注意：所有不规则动词的过去式过去分词形式以及单元重点单词，会按课程节奏每堂课都进行相应听写，请同学们认真对待。
再次强调：课后必须先认认真真复习今天所讲内容，包括单词、语法学案以及其他所讲知识点，然再做练习题，以达到巩固测评的目的，而不仅仅是被动的完成任务。

一 重点词汇识记、运用
disagree with; be grateful to; fall in love; swap....with....; join in; pack up;
get along well with; suffer from; be tired of；outdoors

1．I _______________ all the teachers for their help.
2．Can I ________ the game?
3．In some countries, people whothe government are classed as criminals(犯人)．
4．He with the lovely girl at first sight.
5．I enjoy reading, but I so much reading.
6．It's hard to live with someone if you don't them.
7．My grandmother_ a strange headache since last week.
8．If he thinks of some good ideas, he likes others.
9 . I have my clothes; I'm ready to go on a holiday.
10. Most children like staying ________ (户外).
be concerned about; no longer; calm down;a series of; go through; face to face;
at dusk; add to; on purpose; set down
set down; on purpose; add to

1.You'd better try to find a chance to talk to her . .
2.She didn't break the picture ;it was an accident.
3.The student always asks her teacher questions.
4.My grandfather many difficulties during the war.
5.The girl her ideas on a piece of paper and handed it to her teacher.
6.She was too excited and I had some difficulty in making her . .
7.The street lights go on and go off at dawn.
8.It was nearly 12 o'clock and the girl didn't come back. Her mother her.
9.The Smiths have moved to Hong Kong . They live in Nanchang.
10.Her mistakes our trouble last week.

二 重要知识点考察
(　)1. Betty ______ in England after she graduated from a famous university there.
A. suffered B. settled C. recovered D. calmed
(　)2. I will _______ the story as it was told to me. A. set up B. set off C. set about D. set down
(　)3. It was reported that the number of those who had lost their lives in the floods18.
A. added to B. added up C. added up to D. added
(　)4. Everyone can see that the little boy has made the mistake ________.
A. on time B. in time C. on purpose D. in purpose
(　)5. —Why is Mr Green so ___ these days? —He was fined by the police for driving after drinking.
A. concerned B. surprised C. upset D. puzzled
(　)6. The little girl took a deep breath to _______ herself down, but her voice still sounded frightened.
A. set B. calm C. bring D. keep
(　)7. Bill is glad to find that his mother is beginning to ________ from the accident.
A. discover B. recover C. cover D.recovering
(　)8. I always start the day by my emails.
A. went on B. went by C. go through D. going through
(　)9. It was the first time that many of them ______ classical music.
A. have heard B. heard C. had heard D. hear
(　)10. It is the first time that he the discussion about what to do with the problem.
A. has joined us in B. had joined C.has joined us D. had join us in
(　)11. Don't ________ warnings if the volcano (火山) is active: it can be very dangerous near the top.
A. disagree B. look C. swap D. ignore
(　)12. Mrs Williams arrived at our house at 9:00 ______, neither earlier nor later.
A. clearly B. entirely C. simply D. exactly
(　)13. We all think it's no pleasure ______ all day without studying hard.
A. to play B. play C. playing D. played
(　)14. While the road,we should be careful.
A we crossing B crossing C to cross D cross
(　)15. He asked _________ with my new work.
A whether I was getting along well B. if was I getting along well
C. whether was I getting along well D. that I was getting along well
（ ）16.This novel was concernedthe Second World War, but most teenagers are more concerned
the hero's love story.
A with, about B with, with C for, with D about, with
( )17 I failed again,but my parents told me that failurethe mother of success.
A was B is C be D has been
( )18.He told us that therea football match at 19:00.
A were going to B is going to C was going to be D was going to have

三 语法巩固（注意句型、时态、人称、时间状语的转换）
将下列直接引语转化为间接引语
1. “I have to finish the work,” he said.

2. He said to me,“I have found my book.”

3. “Can you speak English?”she asked.

4. “You must come here,”he said to her.

5. “I moved here five years ago,” he said.

6. “Will you go on business next month?” his colleague asked.

7. “Where shall we have a picnic today?” he asked.

8. “They made an appointment the day before yesterday,”he said.

9. ”How much did you pay for the computer?”my mother asked.

10.She asked, ”Do you want to go by train or by plane ?”
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