中教英语复习资料.doc

Test of Unit 1
I. Translate the following words into English or Chinese

1. 生物技术 biotech
2. 转基因食品 GM food
3. 维生素 vitamin
4. 区域试验 regional test
5. 抗病作物 disease resistant crops
6. gene-implantation technology基因植入技术
7. labeling laws and regulations 标签法和法规
8. bar code 条形码
9. produce 农产品
10. animal feed 动物饲料
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1. Critics fear that what they call “Frankenstein foods” could have unseen adverse health effects on consumers, producing toxic proteins or transferring antibiotic-resistance and other genes to human gut bacteria. But there has been little evidence to back up such risks so far.
评论家害怕他们所谓的转基因食物可能会对消费者的健康带来无法预料的不利的影响，产生毒蛋白或者会把耐抗生素基因和其他一些基因转移到人的肠道细菌。但至今没有证据支持上述风险。
2. The human race has methodically improved crop plants through selective breeding for many thousands of years, but genetic engineering allows that time-consuming process to be accelerated and exotic traits from unrelated species to be introduced. But not everyone agrees this represents progress.
通过数千年的选育，人类逐渐地改良了农作物，基因工程允许这一耗时的过程被大大加快和不相关的异元特性被引入。但不是每个人都同意这代表这进步。
Test of Unit 2 & Unit 3
I. Translate the following words or expression s into English or Chinese.

1. 生命自我保障生态系统self-supporting ecosystem
2. 自然资源的可持续利用
sustainable use of natural resources
3. 对食物、淡水、木材及燃料的需求
demand for food, fresh water, timber and fuel
4. 食物链 food chain
5. 水质 water quality
6. photosynthesis 光合作用
7. contamination 污染
8. genetic diversity 基因多样性
9. environmental degradation 环境退化
10. molecular technique 分子技术
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The quest for scientific truth is conducted in a minefield of opinions and accusations of vested interests. Clearly this was not solely a technical debate.
对于科学真相的寻求是在既得利益集团的观点和控诉的雷区中进行的，显然这不仅仅是一场技术的争辩。
2. Agribiotech companies have largely saturated the North American market and face a bleak future in Europe thanks to consumer opposition and the imminent introduction of strict labeling for GM food.
农业生物技术行业领域在北美市场已经很大程度上达到饱和，并且多亏了消费者的反对和即将来临的对于转基因食物严格的标签的引进，使得欧洲市场面临没有指望的未来。
3. The overriding conclusion of this assessment is that it lies within the power of human societies to ease the strains we are putting on the nature services of the planet, while continuing to use them to bring better living standards to all.
这个评估最首要的结论就是，依靠人类所能及的范围内来缓和我们给地球自然服务所施加的巨大压力，同时继续利用它们给人类各个方面带来更好的生活水平。

Test of Unit 4 & Unit 5
I. Translate the following words or expressions into English or Chinese.

1. photosynthesis 光合作用
2. generate electricity 发电
3. oil and natural gas 石油和天然气
4. nonprofit organization 非盈利组织
5. wind power 风能
6. 植物适应性 plant adaptation
7. 地理分布 geographic distribution
8. 土壤水分 soil moisture
9. 有机物质 organic matter
10. 物理环境 physical environment
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The future belongs to the renewable energy. While renewable energy is generally more expensive than conventionally produced supplies, alternative power helps to reduce pollution and conserve fossil fuels. It can be a question of values and what we spend our money on.
未来属于可再生能源，虽然可再生能源通常比传统能源贵，但是可再生能源可以帮助减少污染和保留矿物燃料。这是一个价值观的问题以及我们把钱花在什么上。
2. Like a human being or an animal, a plant must adapt to its environment in order to survive. Survival usually means struggle. Plant must contend with people and animals, who may eat it or make the environment unfit for it to live in. 像人或者动物，植物必须适应它周围的环境来生存。生存经常意味着竞争。植物必须与可能吃掉它或者使环境不适合它生存的人和动物竞争。
3. Soil is extremely important to land plants. A plant’s development depend in large part on the nature of the soil: its wetness, acidity, minerals, and the amount of oxygen it contains.
土壤对于陆生植物极为重要。植物的发育很大程度上依赖土壤的特性：他的湿度、酸度、矿物质和它的含氧量。

Unit 1
1、GM (genetically modified) organisms 转基因生物
2、GM food 转基因食品
3、GM technology 转基因技术
4、modern biotech 现代生物技术
5、engineered/modified crops 改良作物
6、modern biotechnology 现代生物技术
7、gene technology 基因技术
8、genetic engineering 基因工程
9、recombinant DNA technology DNA重组技术
10、improved crops 改良作物
11、selective breeding 选育
12、biocontrol 生物防控
13、molecular biology 分子生物学
14、genetics 基因学
15、geneticist 基因学家
16、agrotechnology 农业技术
17、agronomy 农学/农艺学
18、agrobiology 农业生物学
19、agribiotech(nology) 农业生物技术
20、insecticide resistant 抗杀虫剂
21、pest resistant 抗虫
22、disease resistant 抗病
23、herbicide resistant 抗除草剂
24、drought resistant 抗旱
25、salt resistant 抗盐
26、crop varieties 作物品种
27、antibiotic-resistance genes 耐抗生素基因
28、toxin 毒素
29、nutrition 营养
30、toxic protein 毒性蛋白
31、transfer gene（动词短语）转基因
32、gene transfer（名词短语）转基因
33、transgenic 转基因的
34、pharm crops 药用作物
35、field trial 田间实验
36、production test 生产实验
37、regional test 区域实验
38、species 种
39、biodiversity 生物多样性
40、superweeds 超级杂草
41、superpests 超级害虫
42、UV light 紫外线
43、crop plant 作物植物
44、bacteria 细菌
45、all forms of life 所有生命形式
46、biochemist 生物化学家
47、variety/ breed/strain 品种
48、be toxic to 对……有毒的
49、labeling laws and regulations 标签法及法规
50、bar code 条形码
51、produce 农产品
52、animal feed 动物饲料
53、approve—approval 批准
54、genetic modification 基因转移
55、globalization of agriculture 农业全球化
56、fertile seeds 有繁殖力的种子
57、own-brand plants 自主品牌植物
58、genetic pollution 基因污染
59、GM revolution 转基因革命
60、agricultural biotech industry 农业生物技术产业
61、monopoly 垄断
62、environmentalist 环境学家
63、growth and import of GM crops
转基因作物的增长和进口
64、international food aid 国际食物援助
65、gene-implantation technology 基因植入技术
66、vitamin A 维他命A
67、protect the environment 保护环境
68、cross breed 杂交
69、contaminate 污染
70、evolution 革命
71、pollen 花粉
72、farmland 农田
73、biodiversity生物多样性
74、patent 专利证书

Unit 2
1.agribiotech industry 农业生物技术产业
2.perennial, perennially 永久的，永久地
3.transgenic plants/crops 转基因植物/作物
4.promoter 启动子
5.sequence sequencing 序列 测序
6.drafts of genomes 基因组图谱
7.versions of chromosomes 染色体译码
8.fragment n&vt 碎片 分裂
9. genetic diversity 基因多样性
10.GM technology 转基因技术
11.molecular technique 分子技术
12.food chain 食物链
13.biology, biologist 生物学/生物学家
14.maize 玉米
15.transgenic DNA 转基因DNA
16.contamination contaminate 污染
17.consumer market 消费者市场
18.potential of growth 增长的潜力
19.benefits profits 利益 利润
20.Green Revolution 绿色革命
21.photosynthesis 光合作用
22.efficiency 效率
23.make sugar 制糖
24.economic control 经济控制
25.small-scale/large-scale farmers
小规模/大规模农户
26.approve commercial planting
审定的商业种植
27.bacterial insecticide 细菌杀虫剂
28.environmental and economic impact
环境和经济的影响

Unit 3
1. ecosystem 生态系统
2. sustainable unsustainable use
可持续的 不可持续的利用
3. deforestation 滥伐森林
4. radical/dramatic/drastic environmental changes/alterations 环境的剧烈变化
5. wetland wildlife habitat 湿地野生动物栖息地
6. socioeconomic problems 社会经济问题
7. mammal, bird and amphibian species
哺乳动物、鸟类和两栖物种
8. face extinction 面临灭绝
9. degrade environmental degradation 生境退化
10. conserve/water and soil conservation 水土保持
11. fishery 渔业
12. new strain 新品种 新品系
13.contagion contagious 传染源 传染的
14. human resources 人类资源
15. natural resources 自然资源
16. fish and shellfish farming 鱼类和贝类养殖
17. chemical pollution 化学污染
18. river mouth 河口
19. ecological ecology 生态的 生态学
20. global food supply 全球粮食供应
21. regional climate 区域气候
22. water quality water system 水质 水系
23. from an economic perspective 从经济角度
24. commercial use 商业用途
25. water pollution filtration 水污染物过滤
26. demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel 食物、淡水、木材、纤维和燃料的需求
27. Earth's self-support/supporting system
地球生命维系/保障系统
28. promote/spread diseases 传播疾病
29. frequency and severity of destructive floods
破坏性洪水发生的频率和剧烈性
30. water shortage 水分缺失
31.cooperation between government, business and civil society
政府、企业和民间社团的合作
Unit 4
1. alternative energy/power 可替代能源
alternative green energy 绿色可替代能源
2. renewable energy/power 再生能源
3. fossil fuels 矿物燃料/化石燃料
4. energy supply 能源供应
5. nonprofit organization 非盈利组织
6. oil and natural gas 石油和天然气
7. cost-effectiveness 成本效益
8. reduce pollution 减少污染
9. solar power 太阳能
10. wind power 风能
11. geothermal energy/power 地热能
ground heat 地热
12. photovoltaic system 光伏系统
solar-electric system 光电系统
13. solar units 太阳能装置
14. solar-electric modules 太阳能电池组件
15. photovolatics 光伏的/太阳能电池
16. high-tech coating 高科技涂层
17. solar panel 太阳能电池板
18. solar-thermal panel 光热板
19. offshore wind farm 近海风力发电场
20. electricity-generating turbine 发电涡轮机
21. frost line 冻深层
22. ground-source heat pump/geo-exchange system
地源热泵/地质转换系统
23. residential energy use 住宅区能源使用
24. conventional energy 传统能源
25. generate electricity 发电
26. power station, power plant, power company
发电站，电场，电力公司

Unit 5
1. plant adaptation 植物适应性
2. shade 遮荫
3. physical environment 物理环境
4. foodstuff 食品
5. photosynthesis 光合作用
6. green plant 绿色植物
7. rate of water absorption 吸水率
8. flower formation 花的形成
production of blossoms 花的生产
flowering florescence 开花期
9. vegetation 植被
10. formation of seeds 种子的形成
11. land plants 陆生植物
12. geographic distribution 地理分布
13. development 发育
14. humidity 湿度
15. soil moisture 土壤水分
16. amount of precipitation 降水量
17. oxygen 氧气
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳nitrogen 氮
18. water vapor 水蒸气
19. spread pollen 传播花粉
pollinate 授粉
20. spore 孢子
21. rate of evaporation 蒸腾速率
22. water shortage 水分缺失
23. soil wetness 土壤湿度
24. acidity 酸度 acid 酸
25. mineral 矿物
26. parasite 寄生植物 寄生菌
27. grazing animal 食草动物
28. gnawing mammal 啮齿动物
29. scatter seeds 撒种
30. stem 茎 leaf 叶 shrub 灌木
31. shoot 嫩枝 bud 嫩芽
32. vertical 垂直的 horizontal 水平的
33. spiral 螺旋形
34. in a common plane 在同一水平面
35. leaf mosaic 叶镶嵌
36. fungus fungi 真菌
37. organic matter 有机物
38. moss苔藓 fern 蕨类植物
39. chlorophyll granule 叶绿素颗粒
40. sediment in suspension 悬浮质泥沙
41. illumination 光照
42. algae alga 海藻
43. the colors of spectrum 光谱的颜色
44. pigment 色素
45. carotenoids 类胡萝卜素
46. phycoerythrines 藻红蛋白
47. tropical forest 热带森林
48. epiphyte 附生植物
49. humid climate 潮湿的气候
50. liana vine 藤本植物
51. nature of soil 土壤特性

1、水稻新品种“吉农大838”选育报告
摘 要：水稻新品种“吉农大838 ”是以籼粳(indica-japonica variety)后代“籼201”为母本(female parent)，“松粳3号”为父本(male parent), 经人工有性杂交(artificial sexual hybridization/crossing breeding, 杂交cross/hybridize)，采用系谱法(pedigree method)选育而成。3年吉林省区域试验(regional trial/test)结果：平均产量8 857.0 kg/hm2，比对照“通35”增产6.6%，1年生产试验(production test/ trial)结果：平均产量8 963.40 kg/hm2，比对照(control group/variety)“通35”增产8.8%。“吉农大838 ”具有优质、高产、抗逆性强、适应性广等优点，于2010年1月通过吉林省品种审定委员会审定。该品种适于吉林省的长春、吉林、四平、松原、通化等中晚熟稻区种植。
关键词：水稻；新品种；选育；吉农大838

(A Selection and/A Selective) Breeding Report of the/a New Rice Variety, "Jinongda 838"
Abstract: The new rice variety "jinongda 838" was bred through artificial sexual hybridization/ crossing breeding of the offsprings of indica-japonica varieties, "xian 201" (female (parent)) and "songjing 3" (male (parent)), with/by pedigree method. The results of 3-year regional trials/tests in Jilin province showed that its average yield was 8 857.0 kg/hm2,, 6.6% higher than the control variety "tong 35". The results of 1-year production tests/trials showed that its yield was 8 963.40 kg/hm2, 8.8% higher than the control. "Jinongda 838" was of good quality, high yield, strong adversity resistance and wide/extensive adaptability. It was examined and approved by Jilin Provincial Variety Examination and Approval Committee in January 2010. It suits to be planted (OR: It is suitable for planting...) in the middle-late maturing/ripening rice regions of Changchun, Jilin, Songyuan, Tonghua, etc.
Key words: rice; new variety; selection and breeding/selective breeding; jinongda 838

2、猴头菌DNA提取条件及SRAP-PCR体系的优化
摘 要：本试验以猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus）菌丝体为材料，建立最优的DNA提取条件和SRAP-PCR扩增体系。结果显示，改进的SDS-CTAB法能较好的满足猴头菌属DNA的提取，优化后SRAP-PCR反应体系经过验证，证明该体系可用于猴头菌的遗传多样性分析和品种鉴定。
关键词：猴头菌；SDS-CTAB；SRAP

Optimization of DNA Extraction Conditions and SRAP-PCR System of Hericium erinaceus
Abstract: Mycelia of Hericium erinaceus were used as (experimental) materials to construct/build/establish the optimal DNA extraction conditions and SRAP-PCR amplification system of Hericium erinaceus. (Or: Using mycelia of Hericium erinaceus as (experimental) materials, the optimal DNA extraction conditions and SRAP-PCR amplification system of Hericium erinaceus were constructed/built/established.) The results indicated/showed that the improved SDS-CTAB method could better satisfy/meet DNA extraction of Hericium erinaceus. The optimized SRAP-PCR system was verified/tested/proved/proven to be suitable/fit for genetic diversity analysis and variety/strain appraisal/determination/identification of Hericium erinaceus.
Key words: Hericium erinaceus；SDS-CTAB；SRAP
3、牛分枝杆菌MPB64基因的克隆及序列分析
摘要：以牛分枝杆菌ValleeⅢ染色体DNA为模板（template），以MPB64成熟蛋白 (maturation/mature protein)基因特异性引物(specific primer)进行PCR扩增(PCR amplification)，获得了642 bp的DNA片段(fragment)。通过T－A克隆技术，将PCR产物克隆至pGEM-T载体(be cloned into ...vector)。经鉴定证实(be identified)，成功地构建了pGEM-T-64克隆载体。序列分析结果表明：该基因序列与Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo的MPB64成熟蛋白基因序列同源性(homology)为100%。
关键词：牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium bovis)；MPB64基因；克隆；序列分析

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis MPB64 Gene
Abstract: Using ValleeⅢchromosome DNA of Mycobacterium bovis as template and MPB64 mature protein gene as specific primer, PCR amplification was conducted and 642 bp DNA fragments were obtained. Using T-A cloning technique, PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T vector. Cloning vector pGEM-T-64 was identified to be successfully constructed. The results of sequence analysis showed that homology of this gene sequence with MPB64 mature protein gene sequence of Mycobacterium bovis was/reached 100%.
Key words: Mycobacterium bovis；MPB64 gene；cloning；sequence analysis

4、庐山蕨类植物资源及其开发利用
摘要：通过多年野外调查和查阅相关文献资料，统计整理出庐山蕨类植物39科87属247种（含变种）。结果表明：庐山蕨类植物种的地理分布以东亚分布为主，区系显示出较明显的亚热带一北温带过渡的特征，将它们分为11个分布区类型和4种生态类型。同时该区的优势科、优势属较为明显，并探讨了该区蕨类植物在观赏、药用和食用等方面的价值，提出了一些合理开发利用蕨类植物的建议。
关键词：蕨类植物；资源；开发利用；庐山

Resources of Lushan Pteridophyte Plant and Their Exploitation and Utilization
Abstract: Based on years’ field investigations and literature review, statistical work of pteridophyte plant in Lushan was conducted. The results indicated/showed that there are 247 species （including varieties） of pteridophyte plant in Lushan, which belong to 87 genera of 39 families. In geographical distribution, the species of pteridophyte plant in Lushan are predominant in East Asia, and their floras show features of transiting from subtropical zone-type to north temperate zone-type, which could be divided into 11 distribution types and 4 ecological types. A detailed analysis showed that the dominant families and genera in this area are distinct/obvious. Their ornamental, medicinal and edible value was studied. Suggestions on t