土方开挖工程技术交底中英文.doc

土方开挖 分项工程质量技术交底卡10GD20131010 施工单位皇冠发展建设有限公司工程名称时代城市分部工程地下室地基与基础工程交底部位地下室基础日 期2013 年 10 月 10 日交底内容交底内容一、 施工准备（一） 作业条件1、 土方开挖（1） 制定开挖方案，确定合理的开挖方式、施工顺序和边坡防护措施，选择适当的施工机械。（2） 将施工区城内的地上、地下障碍物清除和处理完毕。（3） 做好建筑物的标准轴线桩、标准水平桩，用白灰洒出开挖线，必须经过检验台格，办理完验线手续。（4） 若设计基础底面低于地下水位，要提前采取降水措施，把地下水位降至低于开挖底面0.5m以下。然后再开挖。（5） 夜间施工时，应合理安排工序，防止错挖或超挖。施工场地应根据需要安装照明设施，在危险地段应设置明显标志。（6） 熟悉图纸。（7） 做好技术交底。（二） 施工机具铲土机、自卸汽车、挖土机、铲运车及翻斗车等、蛙式或柴油打夯机、手推车、铁锹、35m钢尺，20#铅丝、胶皮管、尖、平头铁锹、手锤、手推车、梯子、铁镐、撬棍、钢尺、坡度尺、小线等。二、 质量要求（一） 土方开挖工程质量要求项序项 目允许偏差或允许值（mm）柱基、基坑、基槽挖方场地平整管沟地（路）面基层人工机械主控项目1标高-503050-50-502长度、宽度（由设计中心线向两边量）+200-50+300-100+500-100+100-一般项目3边坡设计要求1表面平整度20205020202基底土性设计要求注：地（路）面基层的偏差只适用于直接在挖、填土方上做地（路）面的基层。三、 工艺流程（一） 土方开挖确定开挖的顺序和坡度沿灰线切出槽边轮廓线分层开挖修整槽边清底四、 操作工艺（一） 土方开挖1、 人工开挖浅基础、管沟等测量放线切线分层开挖修坡整平挖土自上而下水平分段进行，每层0.3m左右，边挖边检查槽宽，至设计标高后，统一进行修坡清底。相邻基坑开挖时，要按照先深后浅或同时进行开挖的原则施工。2、 机械开挖一般深度2m以内的大面积开挖，宜采用推机或装载机淮土和装土；对长度和宽度较大的大面积土方一次开挖，可采用铲运机铲土；对面积大且深的基坑，可采用液压正、反铲开挖；深5m以上的设备基础或高层建筑地下室深基坑，宜分层开挖。一般机械土方开挖由翻斗汽车配合运土。机械开挖时，要配合少量人工清土，将机械挖不到的地方运到机械作业半径内，由机械运走。机械开挖在接近槽底时，用水准仪控制标高，预留2030cm土层人工开挖.以防止超挖。3、 开挖到距槽底50cm以内后，测量人员测出距槽底50cm的水平标志线，然后在槽帮上或基坑底部钉上小木桩，清理底部土层时用它们来控制标高。根据轴线及基础轮廓检验基槽尺寸，修整边坡和基底。4、 土方开挖完毕后，对基底要进行钎探。若设计无特殊说明，钎探布置按下表执行。槽宽（cm）排列方式间距（m）深度（m）小于80中心一排1.51.580200两边错开1.51.5大于200梅花型1.51.5柱基梅花型1.52.01.5，并不小于短边尺寸钎探完成后，钎孔要用干中细砂贯实。同时在钎探平面布置图上注明特硬、特软点。基坑打钎探测完毕后，会请设计、建设、勘探单位及政府部门等人员验槽。对不符合要求的软弱土层等情况作出处理记录，处理完全符合要求后，参加各方会签隐蔽工程记录。5、 雨期施工时，要加强对边坡的保护。可适当放缓边坡或设置支撑，同时在坑外侧围以土堤或开挖水沟，防止地面水流入。冬期施工时，要防止地基受冻。6、 注意事项（1） 开挖过程中，严格控制开挖尺寸，基坑底部的开挖宽度要考虑工作面的增加宽度，并在开挖过程中试打钎，避免大面积的二次开挖。施工时尽力避免基底超挖，个别超挖的地方经设计单位给出方案用级配砂石回填。（2） 尽量减少对基土的扰动，若基础不能及时施工时，可预留200300mm土层不挖，待作基础时再挖。（3） 开挖基坑时，有场地条件的，一次留足回填需要的好土，多余土方运到弃土处，避免二次搬运。（4） 土方开挖时，要注意保护标准定位桩、轴线桩、标准高程桩。要防止邻近建筑物的下沉，应预先采取防护措施，并在施工过程中进行沉降和位移观测。专业技术负责人：魏 赏 德交底人：接受人：Earthwork excavationSub-project quality and technical tests Card10GD20131010 Construction UnitCrown Development Construction Co., ltdProject nameYangon City TimePart of projectBasement foundation projectTest partBasement foundationDate10.10.2013 ContentsContents1Preparation of construction1.Working condition2、 Earthwork excavation（1） Ensure the reasonable excavation method, construction sequence, side slope protection, and select the appropriate construction machinery.（2） Clear the obstacles materials on the construction site。（3） Make sure the standard piles of the structure, level, and marks the excavation line before the excavation work start（4） When the foundation base is below the groundwater level, the water level should drop to 0.5m below the base and start the work(5) When working at night, should arrange the reasonable of working procedure to prevent wrong dig or over dig. According to the requirement the site should install the lighting facilities , obvious marks shall be set up in a dangerous zone. (6)Well know about the drawing details. (7) Technical disclosure.2.Construction machineryBackhoe, loader, dump truck, hand trolley,3-5m steel ruler, steel bar,20size Steel wire, plastic pipe, hammer, ladder etc .2. Quality requirement（二） Earthwork excavation quality requirementTypeNo.Project Allowable deviation or permitted（mm）FoundationDampingDrain depthRoad surfaceLaborMachineryMajor 1Dimension-503050-50-502Length ,width（measure from centre to both sides）+200-50+300-100+500-100+100-minor3Side slopeAvailable drawing1Surface level20205020202Soil typeAvailable drawingNote：road surface deviation level is only applicable to directly earth fill level3.Technical processExcavation workMake sure the excavation sequence and side slope, cut of the groove edge contour line along the mark line. Excavate layer by layer, cleaning the base.4.Operation processEarthwork excavation7、 Manual foundation and drain excavation.SurveyLayer by layerSlope protectionDamping8、 Digging from up to bottom level, each layer difference is 0.3m or more. Dig and check the width, when achieved the requirement height, preparing the cleaning. When excavating beside foundation, should excavate in accordance with the principle excavation construction.Incase of large surface excavation work, the earth can be moved by hydraulic, loader. More than 5m deep foundation or high-rise building, basement foundation should excavate layer by layer. In general earthwork excavation the earth can be moved by track machinery.；During machinery excavation, there may be some difficult for machinery to excavate, then some labor may require to take part. When the excavation is near the base, should remain 20-30cm soil layer for manual excavate in order to prevent over dig.9、 When excavation work has reached 50cm above the base, the surveyor should survey the water level and mark, and cleaning work should be based on this mark.10、 After the excavation work, testing the base can be based on the follow tabel。Width（cm）ArrangementSpacing（m）Height（m）Less than 80Center to center1.51.580200Outside to outside1.51.5Large than200Blum blossom shape1.51.5FootingBlum blossom shape1.52.01.5，not less than short side dimensionAfter the testing, designer, inspector, and government staff will recheck the result, and reporting.5. When the rain period construction, should protect the side slope well。Can be set up support if requirement, and surrounded by earth fill on the side of pit excavation ditch, to prevent surface water inflow.6.Attention（5） During excavation work, strictly control size of foundation width, consider of foundation size increased, avoid the secondary excavation, to avoid the basal over break, sand backfill should be given by design scheme。（6） Try to reduce the disturbance to the foundation soil, if in construction of foundation cant take in time, can remain 200-300mm before concreting foundation.（7） During excavating, should remain sufficient backfill soil, excess soil can moved out, avoid secondary handling。（8） During excavation, be careful the standard elevation axis positioning piles, to prevent adjacent building subsidence, to take protective measures in advance, and the settlement and displacement observation in the process of construction. Technician in charge: WEISHANGDE Given by: Received by: