专题十二-推理判断.docx

专题十二 推理判断
Passage 1(2014课标全国Ⅰ,A)体裁:应用文　词数:204
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue,Cambridge 02139 by Friday,February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.
1.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?

A.School students. B.Cambridge locals.
C.CSF winners. D.MIT artists.
2.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?
A.On February 8th. B.On March 10th.
C.On March 15th. D.On April 21st.
3.What type of writing is this text?
A.An exhibition guide. B.An art show review.
C.An announcement. D.An official report.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文为应用文,题材为新闻广告类。本文介绍了剑桥科学节即将举办的一项鼓励学生们参加的好奇心挑战活动。要想了解一下该活动的情况就请阅读本文吧。
1.A　
2.D　
3.C　
Passage 2(2014课标全国Ⅱ,B)体裁:说明文　词数:235
Since the first Earth Day in 1970,Americans have gotten a lot “greener”toward the environment.“We didn􀆳t know at that time that there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty-five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today,it􀆳s hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that,nothing else will change!”says Bruce Anderson.
1.According to Anderson,before 1970,Americans had little idea about　　　. 
A.the social movement B.recycling techniques
C.environmental problems D.the importance of Earth Day
2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A.The grass-roots level. B.The business circle.
C.Government officials. D.University professors.
3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B.They have settled their environmental problems.
C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A.Education. B.Planning. C.Green living. D.CO reduction.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材是节能环保类。作者阐述了自1970年以来,美国在环境保护方面所取得的成就。
1.C　
2.A　
3.D　
4.A　
Passage 3(2014北京,C)体裁:议论文　词数:388
Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)
Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.
To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we eat—the input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:“I􀆳ll stop having dessert for lunch,”or “I􀆳ll walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer􀆳s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it􀆳s easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.
If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn􀆳t a goal because it􀆳s too general.Similarly,if you want to spend more time with your family,don􀆳t stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.
1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because　　　. 
A.it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B.it is focused too much on the result
C.it is dependent on too many things
D.it is based on actionable decisions
2.In Roland Fryer􀆳s research,some students did better than the others because　　　. 
A.they obeyed all the general rules
B.they paid more attention to exams
C.they were motivated by their classmates
D.they were rewarded for reading some books
3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?
A.“I􀆳ll give up dessert.”
B.“I􀆳ll study harder.”
C.“I􀆳ll cut down my expenses.”
D.“I􀆳ll spend more time with my family.”
4.The writer strongly believes that we should　　　. 
A.develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B.be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output
答案
[语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为设定目标。作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目标,并具体解释了设立什么样的目标更加有效。
1.B　
2.D　
3.A　
4.C　
Passage 4(2014浙江,D)体裁:记叙文　词数:615
A city child􀆳s summer is spent in the street in front of his home,and all through the long summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball.I was never asked to take part even when one team had a member missing—not out of special cruelty,but because they took it for granted I would be no good at it.They were right,of course.
I would never forget the wonderful evening when something changed.The baseball ended about eight or eight thirty when it grew dark.Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop(门廊)that stuck out from the candy store on the corner and that somehow had become theirs.No grownup ever sat there or attempted to.There the boys would sit,mostly talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow.Then long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one.It was just after one of those long silences that my life as an outsider changed.I can no longer remember which boy it was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question;but whoever he was,I nod to him gratefully now.“What􀆳s in those books you􀆳re always reading?”he asked casually.“Stories,”I answered.“What kind?”asked somebody else without much interest.
Nor do I know what drove me to behave as I did,for usually I just sat there in silence,glad enough to be allowed to remain among them;but instead of answering his question,I told them for two hours the story I was reading at the moment.The book was Sister Carrie.They listened bug-eyed and breathless.I must have told it well,but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so keen an audience.Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of man􀆳s entertainments,but I was offering them as well,without being aware of doing it,a new and exciting experience.
The books they themselves read were the Rover Boys or Tom Swift or G.A.Henty.I had read them too,but at thirteen I had long since left them behind.Since I was much alone I had become an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys-series.In those days there was no reading material between children􀆳s and grownups􀆳 books,or I could find none.I had gone right from Tom Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser and Sister Carrie.Dreiser had hit my young mind,and they listened to me tell the story with some of the wonder that I had had in reading it.
The next night and many nights thereafter,a kind of unspoken ritual(仪式)took place.As it grew dark,I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening􀆳s tale.Some nights,in order to taste my victory more completely,I cheated.I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte,and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening.It was not true,of course;but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position.I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.Other words of mine have been listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences,but for that tough and athletic one that sat close on the stoop outside the candy store,I have an unreasoning love that will last forever.
1.Watching the boys playing baseball,the writer must have felt　　　. 
A.bitter and lonely B.special and different
C.pleased and excited D.disturbed and annoyed
2.The writer feels grateful even now to the boy who asked the question because the boy　　　. 
A.invited him to join in their game
B.liked the book that he was reading
C.broke the long silence of that summer evening
D.offered him an opportunity that changed his life
3.According to Paragraph 3,story-telling was popular among the boys basically because　　　. 
A.the story was from a children􀆳s book
B.listening to tales was an age-old practice
C.the boys had few entertainments after dark
D.the boys didn􀆳t read books by themselves
4.The boys were attracted to Sister Carrie because　　　. 
A.it was written by Theodore Dreiser
B.it was specifically targeted at boys
C.it gave them a deeper feeling of pleasure
D.it talked about the wonders of the world
5.Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to　　　. 
A.play a mean trick on the boys
B.experience more joy of achievement
C.add his own imagination to the story
D.help the boys understand the story better
6.What is the message conveyed in the story?
A.One can find his position in life in his own way.
B.Friendship is built upon respect for each other.
C.Reading is more important than playing games.
D.Adult habits are developed from childhood.
答案
[语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文,题材为人物故事类。作者讲述了自己在某个夏天的暑假,原本只是那群玩棒球男生的旁观者,却因为一次偶然的邀请,整个夏天的晚上都在给他们讲他看过的书中的故事,而且这一经历改变了作者的一生。
1.A　
2.D　
3.B　
4.C
5.B　
6.A　

Passage 5(2014江苏,A)体裁:应用文　词数:249

Never before had a Kitchen so much of a History
It tells of Freedom,Success,and of the Architecture of big American cities.Because that is where it started:in the second half of the 19th century!
Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design
Back then,a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White.They all had studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.And they created a new style for Architecture and Interior Design,named after the famous French Art Institute:Beaux-Arts.
SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and Creates
In fact it was not a new style at all,but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures.Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it.But what does that have to do with your kitchen?Just as much as you want it to.Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different historical eras,today,you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new:your own personal composition of your kitchen.For that,SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities:A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.You can choose from menu of various forms,appealing colors,and precious materials,to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen:a reflection of your personality.

1.Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?
A.It helped display their money status.
B.It was created by famous architects.
C.It was named after a famous institute.
D.It represented the 19th century urban culture.
2.What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?
A.Its designs are anti-conventional.
B.Its designs come from famous structures.
C.Its customers can enjoy their own composition.
D.Its customers can choose from various new styles.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文属于应用文,题材为创意说明。文章主要介绍了一种美国厨房内部设计的新风格:BeauxArts style。
1.A　
2.C　
Passage 6(2014安徽,A)体裁:应用文　词数:209
Personal Robot
Make your parents and teachers happy!
Are you having problems finishing your homework on time?Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you?You don􀆳t need to worry if you buy a Mr.Helping Hand personal robot.Mr.H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around,putting away books and objects that you have left on the flo