高级英语学期论文模板--英语.doc

高级英语学期论文

英语题目

汉语题目

姓 名　
　　　　　 学 号　　 　
　　　　　 年 级　 　
　　　　　 专 业 　

2010年6 月
3

Abstract
As the cream of the culture, cultural image is a vital factor to influence the cultural communication between the Oriental and the Occidental. Because of the differences in geographical environment and climate, ways of thinking and religious believes, the same cultural image may represent different meanings, even completely opposite. This paper mainly concerns about specific cultural imagery translation from the aspect of cultural differences between them, cultural loss and its causes, and even how to compensate for the loss. Only by this can we understand the cultural differences between the Oriental and the Occidental, and the aim of inheriting cultural relics and promoting the cross-cultural communication between them can eventually come true.
Key words: culture; cultural image; translation; cultural differences; cultural loss

摘 要
作为文化结晶的文化意象，是影响东西方文化交流的一个关键因素。由于东西方在地理位置、自然气候、思维方式及宗教信仰等方面的差异, 同一文化意象所代表的涵义也就不尽相同，甚至截然相反。本文在文化差异背景下，通过对具体文化意象的翻译探讨了造成这种差异的原因，并针对在文化意象翻译过程中造成的文化缺失这一问题，提出了具体的补偿方法。在翻译过程中，只有在具体文化背景下对文化意象进行分析和对比，才能真正做到了解东西方文化之间的差异，保护和继承东西方文化遗产，实现东西方民族跨文化交际的目的。
关键词：文化；文化意象；翻译；文化差异；文化缺失

1. Introduction
Cultural image involves a variety of facets concerning geographical environment and climate, ways of thinking, religious believes and so on. One cultural image is regarded as representing different meanings. It has been universally acknowledged that, since translation has a close interactive relationship with culture, translation is not merely transformation of language signals, but transformation of culture and cultural images. So in order to overcome the cultural barriers caused by cultural differences when conveying the message of the source language to the target language, it is not enough merely to pay attention to the language itself. Most important of all, it is the cultural image that should be taken into account.
2. Culture, Cultural Image and Translation
In view of the importance of cultural imagery translation, the author introduces the concept of culture, cultural image and their relationship with translation briefly.
2.1 Culture and Cultural Image
2.2 The Relationship between Cultural Image and Translation
Different nations set up their own cultural systems under the different surroundings. The words, which express the same conception, get the different images added up to the original meanings and then caused psychological reflections. If not understand the distinctions between the cultural images, we cannot suck up all the messages language carried. Translation is a bridge to connect the Oriental with the
3. Translation of Specific Cultural Image in View of Cultural Differences
Translation of cultural images is much more complicated than the translation of other genres, as it deals not only with bilingual, but also bicultural and biosocial transference, including the entire complex of emotions, associations and ideas, which intricately relate different nation’s languages to their life styles and traditions. In the following sections, we will see the cultural clashes from the performance of cultural images-animal, plants and color respectively.
3.1 Animal and Cultural Differences
Because of the differences between the cultural backgrounds, the way of thought and aesthetic angle, the same animal may have different meanings, which may be very different or even opposite.
3.1.1 Specific Cultural Image — Dragon
4. Causes and Compensation for Cultural Loss
Difficulties in translation are due to precisely the lack of correspondence between the source language and the target language because of linguistic and cultural differences. Thus cultural loss is unavoidable.
5. Conclusion
Cultural imagery translation serves as an effective means to introduce source language culture to target language culture. This paper has attempted to compare the cultural images and their translation from the aspect of cultural differences between the Oriental and the Occidental. Though the thesis can not list all examples of cultural imagery translation, the author mainly by virtue of specific cultural images, such as animals, plants, and colors to illustrate cultural differences. In this paper, the author puts forward two different ways to translate cultural images when the same cultural image in target language culture has completely meaning in source language culture, first, translators can take the target language culture as a standard to avoid misunderstanding. Second, translators can also render the cultural image literally with a footnote, and this way can contribute to enrich target language culture. Then the author emphasizes the cultural loss and its cause: different geographical environment and climate, different ways of thinking and different religious believes. In addition, it is necessary for the translators to resort to various ways to compensate for the loss to surmount the obstacle of cultural differences in communication between nations, such as annotation, adaptation, paraphrase, and contextual amplification.
Bibliography
[1] Bassnett, Susan & Andre Lefevere. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary
Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.
[2] Dong Li. Theories and Practices of English Stylistics. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2006.
[3] Hermans, T. Crosscultural Transgressions-Research Model in Translation Studies: Historical and Ideological Issues. Beijing: Foreign Language and Research Press, 2007.
[4] Kramsch, Claire. Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
[5] Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1982.
[6] Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall, 1988.
[7] Nida, A. Eugene. Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1964.
[8] Nida, A. Eugene. Language, Culture and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1991.
[9] Samovar, L. A. Communication Between Cultures. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.
[10] Shuttleworth, Mark. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2005.
[11] Steiner, George. After Babet: Aspect of Language and Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.
[12] Susan & Andre Lefevere. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.
[13] 白靖宇. 文化与翻译. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000.
[14] 包惠南. 文化语境与语言翻译. 北京： 中国对外翻译出版公司，2001.
[15] 郭建中. 文化与翻译. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000.
[16] 胡文仲. 跨文化交际与英语学习. 上海：上海译文出版社，1988.
[17] 杨自俭. 英汉语比较与翻译. 上海：上海外语教学出版社，2000.
[18] 张蓓. 关于英汉典故翻译中的宗教问题. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998.