四级亮点词汇及句式.doc

作文
1.亮点句型和词汇
1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people, persons)
2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding代替good.
3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad,如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive
4. more and more=an increasing number of/a growing number of
More and more important = increasingly important
2.适当使用被动来代替主动,更能客观的反映事实.句子开头不能总用I, my.不用we should take effective measures to….而用Effective measures should be taken to…
3.善于使用连接词或者插入语,例如:however, therefore, for example等.
Some hold the opinion that..换成Other individuals, however, take the attitude that…
主要规律
1.不考热点问题,比如今年的大地震,奥运会
2.以议论文为主,基本结构:第一段:描述某种现象 第二段:说一下好处坏处 第三段:你的看法
3.写一个announcement 描述一个假设的事件,书信(只考过一次,这个基本不用准备)
4.08英语考试存在2种可能:议论文,announcement 重点准备写一个announcement
例如:假如你今年被选为优秀学生代表,要在教师节之际在大会上做一个发言,属于一篇应用文写作.
Ladies and Gentleman,
First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt gratitude to all of our teachers. Because of your hardships in teaching, we can have such good grades.
Teachers mold the lives that they influence. Lessons learned from teachers remain with their students throughout life. Teachers that break down barriers and reach into the souls of the students that they are responsible for do not get the recognition or gratitude they have earned. Many teachers are exhausted from their workload and responsibilities. They have their own families, financial and life stresses that challenge them along with everyone else. We should always respect our teachers.
Our teachers told us that gratitude is a fruit of long cultivation. Our teachers made us what you are today and what you will be in future.
Our teachers will certainly influence the whole life of all of us. All the efforts made by our teachers will encourage us to move on even more.

翻译
方法:1.确定要考察的关键词,一般是由2个词或词组组成
2.将2个英文词或者词组连接起来
3.结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置和功能,注意陷阱---倒装和非谓语动词等
例如：Not only ___________________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.
解释：动词“收费”的对应词，应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much, 由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度，我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”。 “not only…but…”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来，按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。
注意：1.根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关于量的as much+n.+as
2. “把…归因于…”翻译为”attribute…to…” “be likely to …”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义It follows that…由此可见……
3. 绝大多数的否定的句子，不能直接加“not”。
4. have助动词的后面，动词绝对不能用原形动词
5.cannot…too 再..也不过分
6.一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式,如people, poultry, militia等,用and连接的成分单一概念时谓语动词用单数,主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致.
7.同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在分词一般式或过去分词,在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式,不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式
8.表达人物爱憎感情：lose interest in…, terrified, mad
介绍人物的影响及人们对人的评价： The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader. Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
常见描述人物性格，外貌和身体状况等的词语:light-hearted /absent-minded / lame in / strong-tempered /bad-tempered /near-sighted /far-sighted / silly / diligent /
考查重点：动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute… to…。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组contribute to，表示“有助于，对…做出贡献”。