高中化学有机方程式归纳.docx

高中化学有机方程式归纳高中化学有机方程式归纳有机化学方程式归纳一、取代反应R-H+X2光照光照R-X+HXCH3Cl+HClCH2Cl2+HClCHCl3+HClCCl4+HClH2SO4(浓)5560BrCH4+Cl2CH3Cl+Cl2光照光照光照CH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+Cl2+HO-NO2+Br2NO2+H2OFeBr3+HBrH2OCH3CH2Br+NaOH2CH3CH2OHCH3CH2OH+NaBrH2SO4(浓)140C2H5OC2H5+H2O二、加成反应CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br（1,2二溴乙烷）CH2=CH2+H2CH2=CH2+HClCH2=CH2+H2OCHCH+H2CHCH+2H2催化剂CH3CH3CH3CH2Cl催化剂催化剂加热、加压CH3CH2OH催化剂催化剂CH3CH3CH2=CH2催化剂CHCH+HCl+3H2RCHO+H2CH3CHO+H2OHNiCH2=CHClNiRCH2OHNiCH3CH2OH+3H2NiOHNi+3H2(硬脂酸甘油酯)三、氧化反应yCxHy+(x+4)O2CH4+2O2点燃点燃yxCO2+2H2OCO2+2H2O(现象：蓝色火焰)CH2=CH2+2O22CHCH+5O22C6H6+15O2点燃点燃CO2+2H2O(现象：明亮火焰，伴有黑烟)4CO2+2H2O(现象：明亮火焰，伴有浓黑烟)点燃12CO2+6H2O(现象：明亮火焰，伴有浓黑烟)2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+O2Cu/Ag2CH3CHO+2H2O催化剂2CH3COOHCH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4+2Ag+3NH3+2H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHRCHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2Ag+4NH3+H2ORCOONa+Cu2O+3H2OCH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOH四、水解反应CH3COONa+Cu2O+3H2OCH3CH2Br+NaOHRCOOR+H2ORCOOR+NaOHH2OCH3CH2OH+NaBrRCOOH+HORH2SO4(稀)RCOONa+HORH2SO4(稀)CH3COOC2H5+H2OCH3COOC2H5+NaOHCH3COOH+C2H5OHCH3COONa+C2H5OH(C6H10O5)n+nH2OH2SO4(稀)nC6H12O6（淀粉）（葡萄糖）催化剂(C6H10O5)n+nH2OC12H22O11+H2OnC6H12O6（纤维素）（葡萄糖）催化剂C6H12O6+C6H12O6（蔗糖）(葡萄糖)(果糖)C12H22O11+H2O五、酯化反应催化剂（麦芽糖）（葡萄糖）2C6H12O6H2SO4(浓)CH3COOH+HOC2H5H2SO4(浓)CH3COOC2H5+H2ORCOOH+HORRCOOR+H2OCH3COOH+HOC2H53C17H35COOH+六、消去反应（邻C有H）CnH2n+1X+NaOHCH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH七、加聚反应nCH2=CH2催化剂醇18H2SO4(浓)CH3CO18OC2H5+H2O+3H2OH2SO4(浓)CnH2n+NaX+H2OCH2=CH2+NaBr+H2O醇H2SO4(浓)170CH2=CH2+H2OCH2CH2n八、缩聚反应nHOCH2CH2COOHHOCH2CH2COnOH+(n-1)H2OHOOC(CH2)4COO(CH2)2OnH+(2n-1)H2O2)2OHnHOOC(CH2)4COOH+nHO(CH九、裂化反应(稍作了解)CH4C+2H2C16H34C8H18C4H10C4H10C8H18+C8H16C4H10+C4H8C2H6+C2H4CH4+C3H6十、置换反应2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H22OH+2Na2+H2ONa2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2十一、其它反应OH+NaOH+CO2+H2OONa+H2OOHONa+NaHCO3CH3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O2CH3COOH+CuO(CH3COO)2Cu+H2O2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+CO2+H2O十二、有机离子反应2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)22CH3COO+Cu2+2H2O2CH3COOH+CaOCa2+2CH3COO+H2O2CH3COOH+ZnZn2+H2+2CH3COO2CH3COOH+CaCO3Ca2+2CH3COO+CO2+H2OO+CO2+H2OOH+HCO3-高中有机化学方程式汇总1.CH4+Cl2光照CH3Cl+HCl2.CH光照3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HCl3.CH光照2Cl+Cl2CHCl3+HCl4.CHCl光照3+Cl2CCl4+HCl5.CH4高温C+2H26.C催化剂16H34加热、加压C8H18+C8H167.CH3COONa+NaOHCaOCH4+Na2CO38.CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br9.CH2=CH2+H2O催化剂CH3CH2OH10.CH2=CH2+HBr催化剂CH3CH2Br11.CH2=CH2+H2催化剂CH3CH312.nCH2=CH2催化剂CH2CH2n13.nCH2=CH-CH=CH2催化剂CH2-CH=CH-CH2n14.2CH催化剂2=CH2+O22CH3CHO15.CHCH+Br2CHBr=CHBr16.CHBr=CHBr+Br2CHBr2CHBr217.CHCH+HCl催化剂H2C=CHCl18.nCH2=CHCH2CHnClCl19.CHCH+H2O催化剂CH3CHO20.CaC2+2H2OCHCH+Ca(OH)221.+Br2催化剂Br+HBr22.+HONO2浓硫酸NO2+H2O23.+HOSO3HSO3H+H2O24.CH3+3H2催化剂CH3NO2ON25.+3HONO2催化剂2+3H2O26.3CHCHNO227.CH3CH2Br+H2ONaOHCH3CH2OH+HBr28.CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH+NaBr29.CH3CH2Br+NaOH醇CH2=CH2+NaBr+H2OH2O30.2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H231.2CH3CH2OH+O2催化剂2CH3CHO+2H2O32.CH3CH2OH浓硫酸CH2=CH2+H2O33.C2H5OH+C2H5170OH浓硫酸C1402H5OC2H5+H2O34.OH+NaOHONa+H2O35.OH+H2OO+H3O+36.ONa+H2O+CO2OH+NaHCO3OHBr37+3Br2Br+3HBr催化剂OHBr38.CH3CHO+H2催化剂CH3CH2OH39.2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH40.CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4+2Ag+3NH3+H2O41CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2O42.2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H243.2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO244.CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO245.CH3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O46.2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)2(CH3COO)2Cu+2H2OCOOCHCH+HO47.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH浓硫酸CH323248.CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOHCH3COONa+CH3CH2OH49.nOHCH2CH2COOHOCH2CH2Cn+H2O50.C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g)6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)51.C6H12O6催化剂2CH3CH2OH+2CO252.C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6蔗糖葡萄糖果糖53.C12H22O11+H2O催化剂2C6H12O6麦芽唐葡萄糖催化剂54.(C6H10O5)n+nH2OnC6H12O6淀粉葡萄糖nCHO55.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O催化剂6126纤维素葡萄糖催化剂56.C17H33COO-CH2C17H35COO-CH2C17H33COO-CH+3H2加热、加压C17H35COO-CHC17H33COO-CH2C17H35COO-CH257.C17H35COO-CH2CH2-OHC17H35COO-CH+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+CH-OHC17H35COO-CH2OCH2-OHO58.CH2OHCOOH+CH2OHCOOH浓硫酸CCOO+2H2OCH2CH2催化剂