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必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知识点讲解资料
★1.achievement
(1) [c] 成就；功绩
He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.
It was a remarkable achievement for such a young man.
(2) [u]完成；实现
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
achieve vt取得（成就、成果等）,达到，完成
achieve success/ victory
achieve one’s purpose/aim/target/goal/dream
achieve a lot/much/nothing/little
achievable adj.能完成的,能达到的 同义词：accomplish v. 完成（任务等）；后缀-ment附在动词或动词词根后构成名词，类似的词还有
entertain—entertainment, move—movement, equip—equipment, judge—judg(e)ment, ship—shipment等。
例句：
Jane has achieved everything she wanted to.
Maurice has achieved his hope of becoming a doctor.
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
2.condition
【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. (P1)
condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。
如：
The patient with Bird Flu was in such dangerous condition that the doctors and nurses had to look after him day and night.
Elizabeth Fry helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.
We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.
My car is old but still in good condition.
He is overweight and out of condition.
condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如：
I will come on condition that Peter is invited.
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.
★3.connection
【原句回放】Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings.
connected adj.联接的;有关系的；connective adj.连接的；联合的； connecting.连接；管接头；近义词：association，relation
connect vt.&vi. 把……连接起来
The two cities were connected by a railway.
he two trains connect here.
connection n. cn. / un. 连接，衔接；关系，关联；社会关系 (with/between)
have connection with “与……有关系”，如：
His illness must have had some connection with his diet.
in connection with “与……有关；关于”，如：
The teachers often deal with problems in connection with education.
The connection of our telephone took several hours.
Do you believe that there’s a connection between smoking and heart disease?
The company has a connection with a number of Japanese firms.
cn. pl. 亲属；亲戚
She’s English but she has Chinese connections.
He is a distant connection of my wife’s.
connect加后缀-ion构成名词，类似的词还有：
act—action communicate—communication correct—correction
operate—operation instruct—instruction translate—translation
5．behave
【原句回放】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.
behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯
同根词：misbehave v. 使行为不端;behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为；表现；misbehavio(u)rn. 不良行为
[短语归纳]：behave oneself
behave like/as a gentleman
behave like/as a lady
behaviour towards/to...
The little boy behaved with great courage in the face of the gunman.
The children do not know how to behave themselves decently.
She was ashamed of her children’s (bad) behaviour.
She has studied the behaviour of chimps for over forty years.
6. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如：
Seeing is believing.
Helping her is my duty.
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：
1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。
2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
②用it作形式主语，
如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：
1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.
2). It’ s no sense arguing with her.
动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：
Learning new words is very important for me.
7 mean
【原句回放】This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.
Being a student means studying hard.
mean doing的主语通常为指事物的词。doing 意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)
mean to do sth.打算或企图做某事。其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。 例如:
We mean to call on you tomorrow.
He had meant to leave on Sunday,but has stayed on.
mean sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事。
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
be meant for 打算给予；打算作……用。例如:
These rooms are meant for the children’s centre.
★8. worthwhile
【原句回放】But the evening makes it all worthwhile.
①worthwhile adj. 值得出力的，值得做的；值得花时间[精力]的
It is worthwhile to visit the museum.
Helping old people is a worthwhile activity.
But the evening makes it all worthwhile.
The hard work was worthwhile because I passed the exam.
It proved worthwhile to make the trip.
It is worthwhile to read the book.
=It is worthwhile reading the book.
=Reading the book is worthwhile.
但不可以说The book is worthwhile reading.
worthwhile像worthy那样，既可以作表语，也可以作定语。它表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得
去花时间、钱财或努力去做好，一般作“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。用作表语时，可以后接动名词或动词不定式。
It is worthwhile to do /doing….
②worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”。后接名词或主动语态的动名词(有被动的含义)作宾语。
be worth+ n. /doing
如：The used car is still worth $2,000.
Is the exhibition worth a visit/visiting?
It’s worth the time and effort we devoted to it.
③worthy可以作表语和定语。用作定语时，意思是“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”；用作表语时，意思是“值得……的”、“应得到……的”，其后常接of sth.，也可接不定式。
be worthy of +n./being done; be worthy to be done
The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered.
The question is worthy of consideration.
The question is worthy of being considered.
The question is worthy to be considered.
★9. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守
【原句回放】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities.
observer n. 观察者;observatory n.天文台；气象台； observation n. 观察；观测
1.看到，注意到；观察，观测；
They carefully observed the behavior of deer.
He observed a stranger hanging around the store.
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(已做完)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
under observation 被监视
observe+宾语+宾语补足语（不带to的不定式/动词的-ing形式），被动语态要用带to的不定式。如：
They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.
The police observed the man entering/enter the bank.
The woman was observed to follow him closely.
She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.
He observed someone open the door.
He was observed to stop at the gate.
observe+从句，如：
The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.
2. 遵守，奉行；庆祝(节日等)
This law must be strictly observed. 这项法律必须严格遵守。
Some people observe Christmas here. 在这儿有些人过圣诞节。
We should strictly observe the discipline.
As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of insects.
We should observe the rules and regulations.
Do you observe Christmas in your country?
当表示“看”时，observe，watch，see，notice的区别：
observe 相当于watch carefully，指从不同的角度长时间地看并研究，尤其用于实验或研究等场合，如observe the stars（观察星星），observe the behavior of birds（观察鸟类的习性）等；
watch意为“看；观看，特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西”。如 watch TV（看电视），watch a game等；
see 指“看到；看见”；强调看的结果，有意或无意地看到；
notice 指“看到；注意到；觉察到”；偶尔看到细小的但可能是重要的。
★10.respect [rpekt] vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
【原句回放】For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.
respect n. 尊敬；尊重；(pl)敬意；问候；某个方面、某种特征或细节 vt. 尊敬；尊重
respecting prep.关系；说到；self-respect 自尊心
形容词respectable，respectful 与respective 的区别：
respectable 指“值得尊敬的”；respectful表示“尊敬的；恭敬的”；respective 指“各自的；分别的”。
to show respect to those who are older
The students have great respect for their history teacher．
Give my respects to your wife．
[短语归纳]
give one’s respects to 向……致敬
have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬(重)，重视
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬
out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬
Have respect for your parents．对你的父母尊重一些吧。
Out of respect，he took off his hat．他脱帽以示敬意。
respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人
11． Only 开头的用部分倒装
【原句回放】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
该句型为“Only+状语+助动词+主语+谓语动词+其他句子成分”。Only用于句首，并强调时间、地点、原因等状语时，后面的句子要用倒装结构。
Eg: Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
Only when it is hungry will a lion attack a human being.
以介词开头的表地点的状语放在句首时用全部倒装， 及语序全部颠倒
On the mountain stands a temple.
In the center of Tian’an Men Square stands the Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall.
*但是only修饰主语时不用倒装Only Tom failed in the exam.
如：Only then did he find it important to get along with others.
Only in this way can we make great progress. 只有通过这种方法你才能够获得成功。
Only after he came back were you able to see him. 只有他回来后你才能去见他。
★12. argue
【原句回放】She argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
【点拨】argue vt. & vi. 辩论；主张，认为；说服；争论，辩论；提出理由；
Don’ t argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩。
I argued that we needed a larger office. [重点用法]
[短语归纳]
argue for (sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护
argue against (sb./sth.) 反对某人/某事)而辩护
argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人(为某事)而争吵
argue that... 主张……
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做/不做某事
have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事
They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.
We argued that we should be paid more.
The way he spends money argues him to be rich/that he is rich.
He argued against the use of animals in this experiment.
13.entertainmen
【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)
entertain v. 招待；款待；使……欢乐；给……娱乐；
entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的
This is a serious novel，not an entertainment.
There were music,games and dancing for our entertainment.
That hotel is famous for its good entertainment.
后缀-ment附在动词或动词词根后构成名词，类似的词：
achieve—achievement move—movement
equip—equipment judge—judg(e)ment
14. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活
“v. + 同源宾语”结构：
smile a... smile 露出……微笑 dream a... dream 做了个……的梦
sleep a... sleep 睡个……觉 sing a... song 唱……的歌
die a... death ……怎样地死去 fight a... battle 打……的仗
laugh a... laugh 发出……方式的笑声
★15.inspire
【原句回放】She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
inspire vt. 鼓舞，激励；赋予……灵感，给……以启示；激起；唤起(感情,思想等)
His speech inspired us to try again.
I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
Goodall inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
He inspires selfconfidence in (into) his pupils.
inspirationn.“灵感”。例如:
Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.
inspiringadj.“鼓舞的”。例如:
an inspiring talk鼓舞人心的讲话
inspiredadj. 得到灵感的;受到鼓舞的。例如:
Every student was inspired by the story of Cong Fei.
1. He made an ________ speech at the meeting and the ________ audience stood up and gave
him a long and warm applause.
2．The speaker is giving rather an ________ speech，as I can judge from the ________ look
of all the listeners．
16. support
【原句回放】Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her.
support vt.
1. 支撑 There are two large wood posts supporting the roof.
2. 扶持，搀扶 The old man entered the room supported by his grandson.
3. 支持，拥护 Which football team do you support?
Can you give some examples to support your argument?
4. 资助 She supports her husband on the money she earns from teaching.
5. 承受，忍受，忍耐 I can’t support your jealousy any longer.
6. 抚养，赡养 He has a large family to support.
support n.支撑；抚养者，维持生计者；支持，拥护，赞成；鼓舞
There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.
Hunter is the chief support of the family.
We need your support.
[短语归纳]
support oneself自立谋生
support one’s family养家
support one’s opinion支持某人的想法
in support of 为……辩护/证明，帮助/支援……
support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 赡养家庭
support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人
support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人
in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物
support oneself 自力更生
give support to sb. 支持、支援某人
come to one’s support来支持某人
give support to支持, 支援
eg: Which football team do you support?
I was supported by my parents when I was studying.
He has a large family to support.
That small chair isn’t strong enough to support that heavy man.
Air, food and water are necessary to support life.
He has always supported the football club.
17. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起
She looks down on people who've never been to university.
You can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor.
We must not look down upon those who have lagged behind.
We should not look down on manual labor.
I hope you don’t look down upon/on this kind of work.
[短语归纳]：
look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as把某人看作 look on 袖手旁观
look into sth. 调查或观察某事物 look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看
look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth警惕或留心某人/物
hold sb./sth.in contempt；反义词组：think highly of
look at 看着 look about/around环顾四周;警戒
look after 照料;照看 look forward to盼望;期待
look for 寻找 look into调查；注视……的内部或深处
look on旁观;观望 look out向外看；当心；警戒
look like看起来像 look over检查；检阅
look through浏览；检查 look up （在词典、参考书中）查找
look up to尊敬 look down at低头看某事
★18. refer to
【原句回放】If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.
refer to 涉及；淡到；提到；关系到；指的是；适用于；查阅；参考；起因再归功于
refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作
refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向……求助
We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.
This paragraph refers to the events of last year．
Her mother never referred to him again．
I don’t know whom she was referring to when she said that．
There are certain people to whom this order does not refer．
If you don’t know what book to get，refer to the list on page 3．
He often referred to his past experiences as a peasant.
He referred his success to the good education he had had.
1．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________ his
notes．
A．bringing up B．referring to
C．looking for D．trying on
2. Carl Lineous，the famous botanical scientist，was a man al-ways in blue. His depression
was ________ his childhood illness in his biography．
A．centered on B．concentrated on
C．named after D．referred to。B,D
19. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见
I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
[短语归纳] come短语：
come about = happen 发生 come from 来自
come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出 come up 升起；发生；出现
come up with sth 找到或提出（答案﹑办法等）
★20 intend
【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)
intend v. 意为“打算；计划；想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”；intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人；准备让……干……”。
如： I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.
I i
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