初中八年级英语2-5单元知识点.doc

Unit 2
1. used to do sth; 过去常常做…
be used to doing; 习惯于做… be used to do; 被用来做…
I used to get up late, but now I am used to getting up early. 我过去常晚起但是我现在习惯早起。
2. I’m on the swim team. 我在游泳队里。
3. be interested in sth=take an interest in sth 4. an airplane 一架飞机
5. I used to be afraid of speaking in front of a group. 我过去害怕在小组面前讲话。
6. I’m terrified of the dark. 我害怕黑。
7. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.
8. spiders and other insects 蜘蛛和其他昆虫
9. candy 糖果 可数名词或不可数名词
10. I used to chew gum a lot. 我过去嚼很多口香糖。 a lot 副词短语
11. not…any more=no more not…any longer=no longer 不再
12. chat with my grandmother 和我祖母聊天
13. My life has changed a lot in the past few years. 我的生活在过去几年里变化很大。
14. daily life 日常生活 China Daily 中国日报
15. It’ll make you stressed out. 那会让你疲惫的。
16. die 动词 死亡; death 名词 可数名词或不可数名词; dead 形容词 be dead 与时间段连用 17. cause problems 制造问题 cause 动词
18. make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事
19. even though=even if 即使
20. to one’s surprise 让某人吃惊的是…
21. patient 形 耐心的 22. in the end 最后;终于 用于句末
23. take pride in=be proud of 对……感到骄傲
24. pay attention to 注意;留心 to 是介词 要加动名词
25. give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 戒烟
26. waste time/money 浪费时间/ 金钱 28. necessary 形容词 有必要的
27. afford 动词 承担得起;买得起 I can afford a car.=I can afford to buy a car.
Unit 3
1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事; allow doing sth 允许做某事; be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 例句:We don’t allow students to smoke in class. 我们不允许学生在教室里抽烟。 We don’t allow smoking in class. 我们不允许在教室里抽烟。
Students shouldn’t be allowed to smoke in class. 学生不应该被允许在教室里抽烟。
2. get their ears pierced 打耳洞 get sth done; 类似结构 have sth done; 意思是使某事某物被…… I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. (cut 过去式和过去分词都是cut) 我明天要理发。
You should ask someone to repair your bike. (同义句) = You should have/get your bike repaired.
3. He should stop wearing that silly earring. 他应该停止戴那个傻傻的耳钉。
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情 stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事情 stop sb from doing sth(补充) 防止某人做某事
4. He needs to spend time with friends. 他需要陪朋友度过一段时光。
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a ) need 做实义动词 need sth 需要…; need to do sth 需要做…; need doing=need to be done(物做主语，表示被动) 例句:The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. 自行车需要找人修理。
b). need 做情态动词,常用于否定句和一般疑问句。 例句: We needn’t sweep the floor. = We don’t need to sweep the floor. 我们不需要扫地。
5. stay up 熬夜 6. a driver’s license 驾照
7. so 用于肯定句，表示前句情况也适用于另一主语，用倒装语序
例句:--He went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday. 他昨天去看了那个住院的人。 --So did we. 我们也去看了。 so 表示前句情况属实，的确如此，用陈述语序。
例句:--He works hard. 他学习很努力。 --So he does. 他的确很努力。
中考链接:--Ann has made great progress recently. -- and ___________.
A. So has she; so have you B So has she; so you have C So she has; so have you
解析:选C。句意:安最近取得了很大进步。她的确如此，你也是如此。
8. be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格
9. concentrate on 全身贯注;专心于 We should concentrate on our study. 我们必须专心学习。 10. sometime 某时 sometimes 有时候 some time 一段时间 some times 几次
11. instead of 代替;而不是 I can’t go to the party. Mary will go instead of me. 我不能去聚会，Mary 会替我去。 Though he is ill, he goes to school instead of staying at home. 尽管他病了，他还不去了学校而不是呆在家里。
12. be good for 对…有好处 反义短语 be bad for 对…有害 be good at 擅长于
13. get noisy 变吵闹 14. learn from each other 互相学习
15. at present 现在
16. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. 去年夏天我在本地医院有一次机会参加志愿活动。 a. have an opportunity(=a chance) to do sth 有机会做…
b. volunteer 动词 volunteer to do 名词 志愿者
17. experience 动词 经历;体验 He experienced a lot in the countryside. 名词 经历 可数名词 a great experience(一次不错的经历) 经验 不可数名词
18. an old people’s home 养老院
19. both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数 反义短语 neither…nor…连接主语遵循就近原则 20. reply to sb/sth = answer sb/sth 回答
21. take/have a day off 请一天假;休息一天
22. Only then can he achieve his dream. only 引导短语做状语且放句首，主句用部分倒装语序。 23. important 形容词 importance 不可数名词
24. succeed 动词 success 名词 successful 形容词 成功的
25. point 名词 论点;要点 26. teach 过去式taught
27. realistic 形容词 现实的 28. in the way 挡道 29. sleepy 形容词 困倦的
30. care about 关心 31. member 会员 32. achieve his dream 实现梦想
Unit 4
1. --What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万你做什么?
--I would put it in a bank. 我会存在银行里。 虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。主句用would+动词原形，从句用一般过去式，be 动词都用were。
比较下列各题: a. If I were you, I would buy a big house.
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b. I don’t know if(是否) he will come. If(如果) he comes, I’ll tell you.
c. I’ll invite Lucy to my party. What if she doesn’t come (not come).
2. medical research 医学研究 3. He doesn’t know what to wear.
4. What if everyone else brings a present? 如果其他人都带礼物怎么办?
someone else’s tie 某个其他人的领带
5. I’m too tired to do well. (too…to…太…而不能)= I am so tired that I can’t do well. (so…that…如此…以至于)
6. confident 形容词 有信心的 confidence 名词 信心
7. energetic 形容词 有活力的 energy 名词 活力;能量
8. without permission 未经允许 People can’t live if there is no air or water. = People can’t live without air or water.
9. bother 动词 打扰 I’m sorry to bother you. 很抱歉打扰你。
10. get annoyed 生气 11. not…in the slightest=not…at all 一点也不
12. plenty of 足够的 修饰可数名词和不可数名词 There is plenty of rain/money.
13. Mary is easy to get along with. Mary 很容易相处。 get along (well/bad) with=get on (well/bad) with 与…相处
14. I would rather stay at home than go to the party. 我宁愿呆在家里也不要去参加聚会。
宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do…=would like to do…than do…=prefer to do…rather than do…
15. borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物 lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 borrow 和lend 都是非延续性动词，不能和时间段 连用。 keep 保存;保管 延续性动词，可以与时间段连用。例:I keep the book for three weeks. 我保管那本书三个星期了。
16. What is he like? (他是什么样的人?强调询问性格) = What does he look like? (他长得怎么样?强调询问外貌) 17. I’d introduce myself. 我将做自我介绍。introduce sb to sb 把某人介绍给某人 18. knowledgeable 形容词 知识渊博的
19. “the rest” 或”the rest of the +名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数与the rest 代表的名词的数保持一致。 例:Have half of the bread. The rest ___ tomorrow. A are B is C be
解析:选B，the rest 指剩下的面包
20. cover the table with a cloth 用布盖上桌子
21. offer sb sth = offer sth to sb offer 动词 提供;供给
22. refuse 动词 拒绝 23. let…down 让…失望;沮丧
I don’t want to let my parents down. 我不想让我的父母失望。
24. come up with=think of 想出;提出 常用come up with good ideas/ solutions 想出好主意/好的解决办法 25. come out 出版;发行
26. He has a lot of experience dealing with teenagers. 他处理青少年的问题很有经验 have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 做某事很有经验
27. It gives advice on what to do. 它给出了要做什么的建议。 on 关于 侧重于专门论及;about 侧重于泛泛而谈。 28. nervous 形容词 紧张的 29. listener 名词 听众
30. helpful 形容词 有帮助的;有用的 31. He didn’t know what he should do. (同义句) He didn’t know what to do. 32. go downstairs 下楼 33. hurt 受伤
31.give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give away分发送给 give out分发用完 give off 发出 give back 归还 give it to charity 把它给慈善机构
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32.put on 穿上上演 put down放下 put off 延迟推迟 put away收拾 put out 扑灭
put up 举起,张贴
33.hundreds (thousands) (millions )( billions) of 成百上千的 two hundred二百 many hundreds 好几百 several thousands 好几千
34.take away 拿走 take back 带回 take down 放下 take off 起飞脱掉take place 发生 take on 呈现 take …to..把…带到… take a taxi 打车
it takes (took) sb some time to do sth 花费多长时间做某事
35.be nervous about 对…感觉紧张 be (get )(feel ) nervous doing sth 感觉做某事紧张
36.worry about 担心 be (get )worried (about) 担心 be late for …迟到
come late to ..来晚 get to the class late 上课迟
37.wear a shirt and tie 穿衬衫打领带 38.not a little = very much 非常多
enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 help sb/sth out 帮助某人/某物摆脱困境 couldn’t / can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
39.be sleepless失眠的 look friendly 看起来很友好
40.give sb some advice 给某人一些建议 some pieces of advice = some advice一些建议 some good pieces of advice 一些好建议 accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议
ask for advice 寻求建议 follow one’s advice 采取某人的建议
advise sb against sth 建议某人提防某事 advise sb of sth 建议某人某事 advice on what to do 关于如何做的建议
41.bother doing sth 烦恼做某事 bother with /about sth 烦恼某事
42.enjoy the company of 喜欢…的陪伴 have a small circle of very good friends 有一个小的好朋友圈 a good listener 一个好的听者 right away 立刻 right now 立即此刻 think it over 仔细思考 think about 考虑 think of 想起 be friendly (kind)to sb 对某人友好 come top 得第一 cut oneself 伤到某人自己 be covered with 由..覆盖 cover….with 用…覆盖 be filled with = be full of 充满 press sth hard 使劲按 rain hard 雨下得很大 rain heavily 雨下得很大 hardly ever 几乎不 fall downstairs 摔下楼梯 would hurry to do sth 着急做某事 get the medical help 得到医疗救助 the burned area 烧着的区域 cold running water 冷的流水 feel some pain 感觉有些疼痛 know of / about 了解 be known as 作为…而出名 be known for 因..而出名 be known to 对..来说是出名的 have a first – aid 进行一次急救 on a nearby shelf在附近的架子上 a lot of experience 许多经历 at the party在晚会上 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 the dangers of smoking 吸烟的危险 hide sth from sb 藏起某物远离某人 go alone 独自走 a deep cut 一个深的切口 take a deep breath 深呼吸 feel lonely感觉孤独 on the lonely island 在荒芜人的岛上 be helpful to 对..是有帮助的 treat a small burn 治疗一个小的烧伤 be dangerous to do sth 做某事是危险的 a survey on sth 关于..的调查 do research into the cause of the accident 调查引起事故的起因 for /help/cut/hurt/enjoy/by/dress/teach oneself 为某人自己/随便吃些东西/切到某人自己/伤到某人自己/玩得愉快/被某人自己/某人自己穿衣服/自学 knowledge of ….关于…的知识 catch/keep up with 跟上赶上
go downstairs 下楼 burn to the ground把….烧光 burn down 烧光 have a pain in my head 头疼 treat ….as …( regard…as …)把…当作… treat sb to sth 招待某人吃什么 point to 指向远处 point at 指向近处 point out 指出 succeed in (doing)sth（做）某
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事成功 in the present case 在目前这种状况下
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种与事实情况相反的假设，愿望，怀疑，猜测，建议等 ，是动词的一种形式。通常出现在主语从句，宾语从句中：需背会：
（1）与现在事实相反：If (从句）+ 主语+动词的不定式（am is are 在虚拟语气中的过去式都是were）
主句：主语+ would /should/could/might + 动词原形
e.g. <a > If I knew the answer to the question, I would be a genus.
<b> If I had a million dollars , I would give it to charity.
3.If I______- a million dollars, I_________________________.（我会把它给慈善机构）
4.If I ________a million dollars, I ________________________.（把它给医疗研究）
5.He doesn't know __________________________.(穿什么）
6. If I _________(是）you , I ____________________________（会穿衬衣打领带）
7. _________________ (.....怎么办 ）I don't know anyone?
8.I don't know _____________________________________(说什么或者做什么）
9..If I were you ,I __________________ (会长时间散步）before __________________（睡觉前）
10. It should _____________________________________(帮助你放松）
11.I can't sleep the night before ______________________________(参加大型考试）
12.I'm __________________________________________ .(太累了而做不好）
13.I really want a dog, but my parents ___________________________(不会让我有一只狗的）
14. Dogs can __________________________ (是个 大麻烦）
15.You should get a small pet , ___________________(像) a goldfish.
16.He is afraid __________________________________(在公共场合说话）
17.He asked me ____________________________ (做一个演讲）in front of the whole school.
18.It is wrong if you borrowed his clothes _________________________（未经允许）
19. I　would wait for him _____________________________________(向我介绍他自己）
20.He __________me _________________________________his house yesterday（邀请我在他的家里吃晚餐）
21.Social situations ________you ___________________________( 一点也不会烦恼到你）
22. I enjoy _______________________________（....的陪伴）friends.
23. I ________________________________________ (很容易相处）
24.You like ____________one _______two people __________________a group. (对一两个人谈话而不是一组人）
25. He _________also ______________________ (宁愿呆在家里）and read a good book ______
（不去）to a party.
26. I'm too tired. I ___________________________ all day. （ 一直在学习）
27. I ____________（感觉紧张） ___________(talk) in front of many people.
28. If you _________________________people(对..更友好些) , you would have more friends.
29. There is really important ___________________ (英语演讲比赛）________our whole city next month.
30. We want her ____________(代表)the class __________the school contest..
31. He always __________________________ (得第一）in the school exams.
32. He doesn't want _________her friends ______________(让....失望）
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33. He _____________________________ (俱怕说话）in front of other people.
34. I can't think of ________________________________（任何好的建议给她）but you always
_______________good solutions _________people's problems.
35. If I were you , I ____________________ (会有一本急救书）on a nearby shelf in you home.
36. He is a famous doctor _____has ______________ (有许多经验）_____________（处理）teenagers.
37. He _________________________(出版）a book last month.
38. It gives advice __________________(关于做什么）_______lots of different situations.
39. Here are two pages ____________the book. （来自）
40. What would you do if you ________________________(偶然切到自己）
26. You should _______ the cut _______ a clean cloth and press it hard .(用.....覆盖）
27. I would hurry __________ (给....打电话）the hospital first .
28. ______________________(得到医疗救助）first, then make her comfortable and stay with her.
29. Put ________________ (烧伤的区域）under ______________________ (凉的流动的水）
30. If it hurt ______________________________(超过好几天）,I’d see a doctor.
31. You shouldn't ___________________________ the party. （拒绝参加）
32. It is important for us to know ________________________________（吸烟的危险）
Unit5
1. a. must 一定 表示有把握的推测 b. may can 可能 c. could, might 可能 用于过去式，有时表示语气委婉，用could，might 代替can may d. can’t 不可能
注意:The notebook must be Mary’s, isn’t it? 情态动词表示推断，反义疑问句不能用情态动词，而用实义动词
2. possibly 副词 3. anxious 形容词 焦虑的 be anxious about sth
4. hair band 发带 5. in the symphony hall 在交响乐大厅 6. at the picnic 在野餐会
7. at your optometrist(验光师) appointment(约会;预约) 在验光师那里配眼镜
9. Whose volleyball is this?= Who does this volleyball belong to?= Who is the owner(物主) of this volleyball? 是谁的棒球 It must be Carla’s. = It must belong to Carla. 一定是卡拉的。
10. She’s worried because of her test. 她因为测试而担心。
because+句子，不与so 连用;because of +短语
11. It’s crucial(关键的) that I study for it because it makes up (组成)30% of the final exam.
13. 例1 --When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
_____ is OK. I’m free these days. A .Both B. All C. Either D. Neither
解析:选C 句意为 我们什么时候去博物馆，今天下午还是明天早上?哪个时间都行，我这几天都有空。 both 两者都，用动词复数 all 三者或以上，用动词复数 either 两者中任何一个 用动词单数 either 两者都不 用动词单数
例2 Lucy Lily may go dancing with you, because they are not allowed to go out on school nights. A Either, or B Neither, nor C Both, and D Not only, but also 解析:选B 句意为Lucy 和Lily 都不能和你去跳舞，因为他们在上学的晚上不允许外出。 A或者…或者 B 既不…也不 C 两者都 D 不仅…而且 其中ABD 选项连接两个主语用就近原则 C 连接 两个主语用动词复数。
14. catch a bus 追赶公共汽车 15. extremely(非常 副词) worried 极度担心
16. He is interviewed by the local newspaper. 他被当地报社采访了。
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17. a strange creature 一个奇怪的生物
18. noise 噪音 可数/不可数 sound 自然界的任何声音 voice 人说话唱歌的声音，也指鸟鸣声 19. next door ne