盘点小儿感冒常引起的并发症.doc

盘点小儿感冒常引起的并发症
有些疾病的初期症状和感冒非常相似，一旦被当作感冒处理，将可能对身体健康造成严重伤害。所以，当宝宝出现打喷嚏、流鼻水等症状时，请务必找专业医师做详细诊断，不要轻易断定为感冒。
　　感冒的常见症状
　　宝宝一旦患上感冒，通常会有明显的打喷嚏、鼻塞及流鼻水等症状，也可能会出现发烧、食欲降低等情形，不过活动力和睡眠通常不会受到太大影响。
　　当病毒侵入呼吸道之后，会在黏膜细胞内增殖，然后释放发炎物质，使黏膜水肿而引起鼻塞。另外，黏液分泌的增加会引起支气管收缩，造成咳嗽。
　　以下4种疾病其实并不是感冒
　　1、软喉症
　　这是婴幼儿常见的喉部异常，主要是会厌、杓状软骨或楔形软骨在呼吸时会出现凹陷，影响气流的通行，造成类似气管炎的杂音，往往让家长误以为宝宝有很多痰。
　　2、麻疹
　　主要通过飞沫传染，病童多半先有发烧、流鼻水、咳嗽及结膜炎等症状，通常在三四天左右于耳后出现丘疹，逐渐蔓延到脸颊及躯干，然后再逐渐消退。
　　3、白喉
　　该病由细菌所产生的外毒素所引起，导致鼻咽部黏膜组织坏死。由于外毒素可通过血液到达身体的各个部位，而且心脏和神经组织最容易受到侵犯，所以常见的并发症就是心肌炎和神经症状。
　　4、过敏
　　有些宝宝虽然出现流鼻水或鼻塞的情形，但通常都发生在早上，大约过了中午就慢慢好了，每天都是这样，周而复始，往往让父母不知所措。其实，这些很可能是过敏体质所引发的症状。如果父母或其他家人有过敏体质，那么宝宝遗传过敏体质的可能性就非常大。
　　不过，如果宝宝持续有流鼻水或鼻塞的症状，而且还出现食欲及活动力降低，甚至发高烧、剧烈咳嗽等情况时，那么请尽快就医做详细检查，以免发生其他并发症。
　　感冒引发的并发症
　　如果宝宝持续流鼻水或咳嗽超过一周，或是分泌物（鼻涕、痰）变成黄绿色且比较黏稠，那就代表感冒已经引起了一些并发症。
　　由于婴幼儿阶段的宝宝生活自理能力很弱，无法将口鼻分泌物自行排出，比如咳痰或擤鼻涕，所以有可能会导致分泌物倒流，造成细支气管发炎或中耳炎等并发症。至于鼻窦炎的发作几率则比较小，因为小婴儿的大部分鼻窦尚未发育完全。
　　细支气管炎
　　一旦出现细支气管炎，宝宝通常会持续咳嗽。当他们躺下来时，有时会发现他们的呼吸有“咻咻”声。如果咳嗽得很厉害，那么在口鼻附近还可能有发绀的情形。
　　中耳炎
　　如果宝宝感冒后有持续流鼻水、鼻塞的情形，或是原来没有发烧而突然发烧，以及耳朵附近有脓性分泌物时，就很有可能是中耳炎的征兆。
　　感冒时请注意“三多”
　　1、多让宝宝喝水
　　如果宝宝本来就不爱喝水，只要能维持不错的吃奶量（或适当调配的果汁），那就不要强求喝水。
　　2、多让宝宝休息
　　睡眠对宝宝很重要，感冒导致身体不舒服，宝宝一定比较容易哭闹，家长应该尽量分散其注意力，或是利用一些轻柔的音乐舒缓其情绪，帮助宝宝入睡。
　　3、多观察宝宝表现
　　家长应随时注意宝宝，是否有任何不同于平常感冒的表现，例如眼神是否灵活、口鼻有没有不正常的声音、皮肤颜色及温度有无异常等，这些都是观察的重点，对于疾病的正确诊断非常重要。

Inventory of children cold often cause complications
Some of the early stages of the disease symptom and cold is very similar, once regarded as a cold treatment, may cause serious damage to health. So, when the baby sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms, please be sure to find a professional doctors to do a detailed diagnosis, don't assume that cold.
Common symptoms of a cold
Once the baby is suffering from a cold, there is usually an obvious sneezing, stuffy nose, runny ttp:// nose and other symptoms, may also appear have a fever, loss of appetite, but activity and sleep usually will not be affected.
When the virus invades the respiratory tract, proliferation within mucosal cells, and then release the inflammation, mucosal edema caused by the nose. In addition, mucus secretion increase will cause bronchoconstriction, causing coughing.
The following 4 kinds of disease is not a cold
1, laryngomalacia
This is the throat common infantile abnormal, is mainly the epiglottis, arytenoid cartilage or wedge will appear sunken in breathing, effects of air traffic, cause similar tracheitis murmur, often let parents mistakenly think that the baby has a lot of phlegm.
2, measles
Mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, children often have a fever, the first symptoms of runny nose, cough and conjunctivitis, usually in about three or four days to ear after papules, gradually spread to the face and trunk, and then gradually subsided.
3, diphtheria
What causes the disease caused by bacterial exotoxins, resulting in the nasopharyngeal mucosa tissue necrosis. Because the exotoxin can through the blood to all parts of the body, but the heart and nerve tissue in the most vulnerable to abuse, so the common complication is myocarditis and neural symptoms.
4, allergy
Some babies while the runny nose or nasal obstruction, but usually in the morning, slowly good about noon, every day is like this, go round and begin again, often let parents be at a loss what to do. In fact, these are likely to be caused by allergy symptoms. If the parents or other family members have allergic constitution, then the possibility of genetic allergic constitution baby is very large.
However, if the baby has a runny nose or nasal symptoms, but also the emergence of http://www.fjmr- appetite and activity is reduced, or even a high fever, cough etc., please see a doctor as soon as possible to do a detailed inspection, so as to avoid the occurrence of complications.
The cold caused complications
If the baby sustained a runny nose or cough for more than a week, or secretions ( nose, phlegm ) into yellow green and thick, it would represent the cold has caused some complications.
Because the infant stage of self-care ability is very weak, unable to be discharged oronasal secretions, such as cough or sneeze, so may lead to secretion back, causing bronchiolar inflammation or complications such as otitis media. As for the probability of sinusitis attack is relatively small, because most of the sinuses baby has not yet fully developed.
Bronchiolitis
Once the bronchiolitis, baby usually persistent cough. When they lie down, sometimes found a " short " the sound of their breathing. If you have a bad cough, there cyanosis may also in the situation around the nose.
Otitis media
If the baby after a cold runny nose, nasal continuous situation, or is not the original suddenly have a fever have a fever and purulent secretion, nearby the ear, is likely to be a symptom of otitis media.
Please note that the " Sanduo cold "
1, let the baby drink
If the baby was don't love to drink, as long as it can maintain the nursing quantity good ( or appropriate deployment of juice ), it will not insist.
2, let the baby to rest
Sleep is very important to the baby, a cold cause the body uncomfortable, the baby will easily crying, parents should try to distract, or use some soft music to relieve their emotions, help baby to sleep.
3, observe the baby
Parents should always pay attention to the baby, if there are any different from the common cold, for example the eyes, nose is flexible with no abnormal sound, skin color and temperature are no exception, these are the observation point, is very important for the correct diagnosis of the disease.