英文写作术语大全.doc

(完整版)英文写作术语大全英文写作术语大全(中英文对照） 7 / 7abstract words 抽象词acknowledgement致谢active voice 主动语态affirmative sentence肯定句agent 施动者alliteration 头韵ambiguity 歧义American English美式英语analogy 类比analytic expression 分析型表达anastrophe 词语倒装法anticlimax order突降法anti-rhetorical反修辞antithesis 对照对偶antonomasia换称antonym反义词apostrophe撇号(即）appositive同位语archaic words古词argumentation议论文argumentative writing议论文写作article冠词ascending order递增法association联想attitude态度audience听众awkwardness拙劣balanced sentence平衡句base词根beginning开头beginning paragraph开头段落between sentences句际bibliography书目big words大词block contrast批对比法body主体bookish verbs学究式动词brainstorming头脑风暴法brevity简练British English英式英语broken sentence破碎句capitalization用大写case study案例分析casual style非正式文体causal analysis因果分析cause-effect development由因到果发展法central thought中心思想Chinese interference中文干扰Chinglish 中国式英语choice of words选词choppy sentence断续句循环圆周结构circumlocutory兜圈子的clarity 明晰classical rhetoric古典修辞模式classification分类发展法clear reference of pronoun代词前指明晰clear sentence意义明晰句clich 陈词滥调climax order递增顺序clipped words词省略拼法closing paragraph结尾段落coherence连贯coherent连贯的cohesion粘着性cohesive device粘着手段collective noun集体名词collocation搭配colloquial 口语化的colloquial context口语语境colloquialism口语化colon冒号combination句子合并组合法comma逗号common words普通词常用语communication means交际手段comparison比较法Complete essay checklist作品核查项目单complete sentence完整句complex sentence复杂句complimentary close结尾套语compound sentence复合句复杂复合句conceptual repetition概念重复法concise简洁conclusion结论concrete illustration具体阐明concrete words实义词confusing sentence意义混乱句conjunction连词connective联系词connotation内涵connotative meaning内涵意义conscious logic逻辑意识consistency一致性consistent diction选词一致性consonant辅音consultative style商谈体content内容context语境contraction省略contrast对比法controlling idea主要思想，conversion词性转换表达法co-occurrence共现coordinating conjunction复合句连词coordination复合correlation相关性corrupt English 迂腐英语cross-cultural writing跨文化写作culture文化curriculum vitae简历dangling modifier悬垂修饰语dash破折号dateline写信日期栏declarative sentence陈述句deduction演绎法deductive演绎逻辑的deductive argumentation演绎论证definite article定冠词definition定义法denotation外延denotative meaning外延意义descending order递降顺序description描写descriptive描述性的descriptive writing描写文development发展diagram图表说明diction选词differentiation区别digressive跑题、离题的，印象法描写的直接法direct thinking pattern直接了当的思维模式directions题义指令discourse pattern篇章模式distance from tone语调产生距离，偏离计划主题division分析分类法documenting the paper论文引证domesticating strategy归化战略domestication归化法drably表达干巴draft草稿effect-cause development由果到因发展法effective paragraph表述有力的段落effective sentence表达有力的句子effective variety表达有力的变化egalitarian(思维)平等化elaboration进一步详尽阐述electronic news media电子新闻媒体embedding structure内嵌结构emotional coloring感情色彩emphasis强调emphatic phrases强调性短语emphatic structure强调性结构emphatic words强调性词语ending结尾ending paragraph结尾段落English thinking英语思维English thinking characters英语思维特征English thinking pattern英语思维模式enumeration列举法epigrammatic effect隽语效果establish context确立语境establish rapport建立沟通基础euphemism委婉语evaluating information评估材料evidence证据exclamation mark感叹号exclamatory sentence感叹句exemplification举例法expected functions(信件的）期望交际功能expletive虚词填充词explicit language明示的语言explicitness明示性exposition阐述文议论文expository writing议论文写作expounding解释详细说明expressionism表现主义fallacy in argumentation论证谬误familiar熟悉的faulty parallelism错误平行feedback反馈fiery language情绪激动的语言figure of speech修辞filler words填充词first draft第一稿firstperson point of view第一人称flashback倒叙focus中心foreignization外化法foreignizing strategy外化战略formal 正式的formal letter正式信函formal repetition形式重复法formal style正式文体formal words正式体词语formulating thesis statement写作主题句fourcharacter expression（汉语）四字成语fragmental sentence破碎句free choice自由选择frequency of usage使用频率frozen expressions极正式用语frozen style极正式文体full spelling完全拼法full stop句号fullness（段落发展）充分性general connotation普遍内涵意义general pattern常见形式general words一般词汇generalization概括法general-specific pattern由概括到具体发展模式genres风格、体裁gobbledygook官样文章、冗长费解的语言grammatical devices语法技巧grammaticality符合语法性heading信头historical association历史联想hyperbole夸张法hyphen分号hyphenated words用连字号连接的词hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词ideographic synonym相对近义词idiom成语idiomatic usage习惯用法illustration佐证imperative sentence祈使句impersonal非个性化的、客观的implicit language含蓄语言implicitness含蓄implied meaning隐含意义impressionistic description印象描写法indefinite article不定冠词indent行缩进in-depth analysis深度分析individual words独立个体词individualistic个性化induction归纳法inductive归纳法的inductive argumentation归纳法论证法inductive reasoning归纳法论证infinitive mark不定式标记inflexible and explicit logic刚性显性逻辑informal非正式的informal letter非正式信函information focus信息中心information missing信息遗漏informative提供信息的、提供知识的innuendo讽刺、暗指inside address信内地址interpretation of examples对例子的诠释interpretative reporting诠释性报告interrogative sentence疑问句interrupting expressions插入短语intimate亲密intimate style亲密体inverted pyramid form倒金字塔形式inverted word order词序颠倒法involved modifiers复杂修饰语involved sentence意义复杂句irony反语jargon行话journalese新闻体journalistic writing新闻写作justify the significance论证意义keep to the point紧扣主题key words关键词lack of inflection缺少词形变化language problem语言问题learned words学术用词lengthy passage过长段落letter信函levels of usage用法层次lexical reference句法前指法lexical stylistic devices句法风格技巧line shifting换行linear thinking pattern线形思维模式listing列举literal meaning字面意义literary context文学性语境literary works文学作品literature review文献回顾litotes反语法、间接肯定法、曲言法locating information搜索定位材料logical paragraphing逻辑分段法logical thinking modes逻辑思维模式,逻辑词逻辑短语logicalness逻辑性long sentence长句loose sentence松散句loss of style偏离一贯的风格main body主体main idea主要思想main point要点manuscript手稿、原稿margin页边距materials collecting材料搜集materials sorting材料析选maxim of manner方式次则maxim of quality质量次则maxim of quantity数量次则maxim of relevance相关次则meaning意义means手段mechanical English缺乏灵活的英语message信息messy混乱metaphor隐喻metonymy借代midget words小词、常用词militant tone态度强硬的语调misplaced modifier错位修饰语modifier修饰语monotony单调mood语态mood shifting语态转换mouth-filler口头禅narration叙述体narrative叙述体的narrative writing叙述体写作nature of English language英语语言本质neat整洁negative meaning负面意义negative sentence否定句newly coined words新撰词news report新闻报道news report top-heavy新闻报道的头重模式nominalization名词化non-literature works非文学作品nonrestrictive clause非限制性从句nonrestrictive phrase非限制性短语nonverbal language非言语语言(手势、表情等）nounoriented sentence倾向名词化的句子novel小说number数number shifting数的转换objective description客观描写obscurity意义不明on equal footing（写作风格)平等化one-sentence paragraph一句段落onomatopoeia拟声词opening paragraph开头段落organization组织outline提纲oxymoron矛盾修饰法padded expression兜圈子的表达parady仿拟paragraph段落独立实体的段落paragraph development段落发展法paragraphing分段法parallel structure平行结构parallelism平行结构parentheses插入语圆括弧parenthetical expressions插入语passive sentence被动句period句号periodic sentence圆周句person人称person shifting人称转换personal个体化的personal connotation对个体而言的内涵意义personal letter个人信函personification拟人化persuasive writing劝服性写作、以劝说为目的的写作phonetic stylistic device语音风格技巧phrasal verbs短语动词plain sentence相对修辞句的平白句plantification拟物point意义点point of view观点point-by-point contrast逐点对比polite礼貌体的poor English英语表达力贫乏的positional relation位置相关positivist-empirical经验实证性power of communication沟通力practical writing应用文写作precise word表达精确的词汇precision精确prefix前缀preparatory reading写作预备阅读preposition介词presenting ideas阐述观点prewriting写作前printed name of the sender印刷体写信人姓名printed news media印刷体新闻媒体problemsolution提出问题-解决问题的模式process程序法pronoun代词pronoun shifting代词转换proofread校对proper names专有名词public(语篇系统特征）公开性pun双关语punctuation标点punctuation mark标点符号purposefulness目的性Queens English标准英语question mark问号quotation引用quotation mark引号quoted speech引语reader读者readersoriented读者为中心的readerresponsible读者文责的reasoning论证redundant collocation多余搭配reference line参考行register语域句际关系relative noun关系名词relative synonym相对近义词repetition重复repetition of structure结构重复法report writing报告写作research paper writing研究报告写作restatement重申法resume 个人简历return address回信地址returning to the beginning照应开头法revise修改rhetoric修辞rhetoric of sentence句子修辞rhetorical analogy修辞类比rhetorical question反问句rhetorical words华丽用语round character性格充分体现的人物roundabout style迂回风格run-on sentence“连环”句salutation称呼语sample样本sarcasm讽刺semicolon分号sentencing组句setting场景shades of meaning隐含义short preposition短介词short sentence短句short story短篇故事signature签名simile明喻simple English简明英语simple sentence简单句simple words简单词sincerity真诚性singleness of purpose目的唯一性situation情景situationally appropriate于情景贴切的slang俚语social association社会联想special terms特殊术语specific words具体词汇speech口头言语spelling拼写stage步骤法statistics数据法strength of meaning意义力度strength of word词语力度stringy sentence“连环句structural behavior结构行为style风格、文体style is the man风格即人style makes sense风格即成意义stylistic coloring文体色彩stylistic label文体标记stylistic reference文体照应stylistic synonym风格近义词stylistically appropriate于文体贴切的subideas次思想subject主题subject line主题行subject-oriented以主题为中心的subjectverb agreement主谓一致subordination句子从属组合法subsidiary points副观点substantial verb实义动词substitution替代法sub-topics副主题suffix后缀summary摘要superordinate上义词,高级词suspense悬念syllable音节syllogism三段论、演绎推理symbolic符号的synaesthesia通感，同感synecdoche提喻synonym近义词syntactical stylistic device句法风格技巧synthetic expression综合型表达systematic系统性tense shifting时的转换terse passage简练的行文test writing应试写作textual distribution文稿布局the right style合适的风格theme主题third-person point of view第三人称timed writing限时作文title writing标题写作to preach训导式、说教式to reason讲道理、逻辑论证tone语调tones of voice语气topic 话题topic sentence主题句transferred epithet/ hypallage移就transition过渡transitional mark过渡标记transitional techniques过渡技巧truthfulness真实性types of characters人物性格类别ungrammaticality不符合语法性unity统一性unnatural shifting不自然转换usage用法variation趋势分析variety多样化verbal language言语语言verbalization动词化verb-oriented sentence倾向动词化的句子vigor力度vividness生动vocabulary词汇vogue slang流行俚语vowel元音vulgar words平民词语word class词类word division断词法word order词序word power单词表达力wordiness多话、罗嗦wordy罗嗦的writer-responsible作者文责的writers purpose作者目的writing写作writing attitudes写作态度writing process写作过程writing purpose写作目的zero affix 零缀词性转换法zero derivation零缀词性转换法