词序、语序与倒装t.doc

词序、 语序 与 倒装
涂 兴 仁 とこぅにん
一. 全部倒装
1.表示地点的状语(表示地点的副词或介词短语)、表示动作方向的副词位于句首时, 全部倒装; 但是主语为人称代词时, 谓语动词不倒装。(here, there, in , out, away, up, down, along, into, among, below, under, between, ...)
Here comes your sister . There stood a desk . Between the two trees lies a horse . (但是: Here you are . Here it is . Towards me she walked . )
2.表示时间的状语(now , then , soon , thus等 ) 位于句首, 且动词为come, go , begin, follow 等少数动词时, 全部倒装。
Now comes your turn . Then came the day of his examination .
3.动词be的表语位于句首时, 全部倒装。
Such are they . Among them were two girls . Best of all was this new design . Hanging on the wall was a beautiful painting . Fastened to the pole was the national flag . To be considered are the following questions . Gone for ever are the terrible days .
二. 谓语动词原形倒装
1.as引导的让步状语从句, 动词原形位于句首。
Try as she did , Mary couldn’t persuade me . Call him as you may , he will not come .
2.though引导的让步状语从句, 动词原形可以位于句首。
Fail though he did , he was not disappointed . Come though you can , you can’t attend the meeting .
3.某些相当于让步状语从句的固定结构, 动词原形位于句首。
Come what may , I will support you . Say what you will , I won’t change my mind .
4.表示祝愿的long开头的句子, 动词原形位于主语前。
Long live our motherland ! Long live our friendship !
三. 部分倒装
1.表示否定的状语位于句首时, (主句)部分倒装。
〈 Hardly … when…, No sooner … than …, Not only … but also …, Neither … nor …, Not until …; Hardly , Rarely , Barely , Seldom , Never , Nowhere , No longer ; Not often , Not for a moment , At no time (永不), By no means , In no way ,In no case, On no account , In no circumstances(决不) , In vain(徒劳) , stillless (更别说) 〉
Hardly had we got on the bus when it began to rain . = No sooner had we got on the bus than it began to rain .(注意主句和从句的时态) Not only did he win the championship in the race , but he also broke the world record . (比较: Not only he but also I was late for school .) Neither at this meeting nor at the previous one did anyone raise the problem . (比较: Neither you nor he likes watching TV .) Not until he finished his job did he feel very tired . (比较: It was not until he finished his job that he felt very tired .) Hardly could I make sense of his words . Nowhere were they to be found . In vain did he persuade me to give up smoking .
2. 表示否定的宾语位于句首时, 部分倒装。
( little, few, not a word, not a soul )
Little did he think of the consequence . Not a single word did she say for a whole hour . (比较: Few people knew the truth of the matter .)
3.So … that …, Such …that … 结构中, 当so , such位于句首时,部分倒装。
So young was he that you must excuse him . Such a noise did Jimmy make that his sister told him to be quiet .
4.Neither , Nor , So , As开头的句子表示“也 / 也不”时, 部分倒装。
You haven’t read the book . Neither / Nor have I . If you leave next Sunday , so will I . Our eating habits have changed , as has our way of life . (比较: Mother told me to help her out and I did so . —It’s a fine day . —So it is and so will it be tomorrow .)—I came late to school and was scolded . —So it was with Xiao Ming .= It was the same with Xiao Ming .= It was the case with Xiao Ming )
5.Only 修饰状语(从句)位于句首时, (主句)部分倒装。
Only last year did he graduate from college . Only when I visited him did I realize how ill he was .
6.某些状语位于句首时, 部分倒装。
( often, well, long, gladly, many a time / day )
Often did we swim in summer . Many a time has he tried that method .
7.表示祝愿的may位于句首。
May you succeed . May you be happy .
8.if引导的虚拟从句, 省略if时, were, had, should位于主语前。
Were you to eat too much , it would cause weight problems . Had I come earlier . I would have caught the train . Should you be in trouble , they would help you .
9.含do you think / believe /...插入语的特殊疑问句。
Who do you think is the best player ? (比较: Who do you think he is ? )
四. 非动词语序
1.当as表示“尽管”时,可把表语/ 副词放as前。
Cold as / though the weather is , the boys are still playing outside . Child as / though he is , Xiao Ming can speak English . Hard as we worked , we all failed the exams .
2.however , no matter how 引导的从句。
She has the window open , however cold it is . No matter how carefully I explained , she still didn’t understand .
3. too / so / as / how + 形容词 + a/an + 名词, much too +形容词 / 副词, too much + 名词
He is too young a boy to follow me . = He is so young a boy / such a young boy that he can’t follow me . He is not so / as young a boy as I am . How nice a watch it is ! = What a nice watch it is ! = How nice the watch is ! Portia is so young a woman with so wise a head . There is too much money for her to spend . He is much too old to move about .
4.倍数关系的语序结构。
(not) three times as … as …/ three times more than …/ three times the size of …/ three times what…/ three times sth
This box is not three times as big as that one . I offered three times the money . You take three times more money than I do . (比较: You take more than three times your money .)
more than a little + 形容词: “非常” little more than + 名词 / 数词: “不到, 只有, 只不过”
She is more than a little tired . She felt tired and more than a little worried . He left little more than an hour ago . He was in point of fact (实际上) little more than thirty . He is little better than a thief .
5.nothing / something / anything (else) + 形容词, 形容词 + enough , always / often / sometimes / really + be , another three chairs = three more chairs , many such people , all my / the books , half an hour
There is nothing else important . It is a large enough coat . －Is he always late ? －Yes , he always is .The growing movement makes the most of British cultural diversity to see it as it really is .
6.名词前的修饰语的语序:“先限定, 后描绘; 大三角, 新颜色; 国家材料有用途。”
A good big round new yellow Chinese wood eating table
限定词 描绘性 大小 形状 新旧老少 颜色 国家的 材料 用途 中心词
⑴限定词: a,an,the;this,that,these,those;my,our;two,second;any,such,many,all,no
⑵描绘性词: good , nice , beautiful , expensive, bad , ...
⑶大小词: big , large , huge , vast , small , little , tiny , ...
⑷形状词: round , square , flat , ...
⑸新旧老少词:new , old , young , ...
⑹颜色词: red , blue , white , yellow , brown , purple , ...
⑺国家的词: Chinese , Japanese , American , ...
⑻材料词: wood , gold , coffee , leather , glass , ...
⑼用途词: eating , writing , ...

高 考 真 题 ( 1997-2012年 )
1. _____ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together . (97全国卷—21)
A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is
2. If he had _____ , I’d visit Europe , stopping at all the small interesting places . (98全国卷—11)
A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough
3. We’ll have to finish the job , _____ . (99全国卷—22)
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
4. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills . (00全国卷—08)
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
5. It is generally believed that teaching is _____ it is a science . (01全国卷—28)
A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
6. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _____ . (02全国卷—33)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
7. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home . (03全国卷—23)
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
8. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _____ with each other . (03全国卷—34)
A. they had quarrelled B. they have quarrelled C. have they quarrelled D. had they quarrelled
9. －I would never come to this restaurant again .The food is terrible ! －_____ . (04全国卷III—32)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
10.It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe . (04全国卷III—33)
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
11.Lizzie was _____ to see her friend off at the airport . (04全国卷IV—33)
A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad C. sad more than a little D. a little more sad than
12.John Smith , a successful businessman , has a _____ car . (04辽宁卷)
A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white
13.Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _____ such a beautiful palace . (04辽宁卷)
A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
14. _____ snacks and drinks , but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest . (04上海卷—41)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
15.The _____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years . (04江苏卷—32)
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
16. _____ students are required to take part in the boat race . (04浙江卷—24)
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
17.It was _____ back home after the experiment . (04湖北卷—24)
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
18. I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn’t matter _____ I’m talking to .
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom (04广东卷—23)
19.Of the making of good books there is no end ; neither _____ any end to their influence on man’s lives .
A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there (04广东卷—30)
20.The husband gave his wife _____ every month in order to please her . (04重庆卷—33)
A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income
21.I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____ the importance of studies . (04重庆卷)
A.I realized B.I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
22.Mary never does any reading in the evening , _____ . (05全国卷III—16)
A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
23. _____ , the more expensive the camera , the better its quality . (05全国卷III—17)
A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
24.This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin . (05北京卷—23)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
25.As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _____ and see him . (05北京卷—29)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
26.—Well , I do think the rabbit is a beautiful , gentle animal which can run very fast . —_____ .
A. So it is B. So is it C. So does it D. So it does (05辽宁卷—32)
27.In the dark forests _____ , some large enough to hold several English towns . (05辽宁卷—35)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
28.At a rough estimate , Nigeria is _____ Great Britain . (05上海卷—28)
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
29.Never before _____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today . (05上海卷—39)
A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was
30.Mum is coming .What present _____ for your birthday ? (05福建卷—26)
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
31.Only after my friend came _____ . (05福建卷—32)
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
32.What a table ! I’ve never seen such a thing before . It is _____ it is long . (05湖北卷—28)
A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half
33.—Father , you promised ! (05湖北卷—34)
—Well, _____ . But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
34.John is the tallest boy in the class, _____ according to himself . (05安徽卷—31)
A. five feet eight as tall as B. as tall as five feet eight
C. as five feet eight tall as D. as tall five feet eight as
35.—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party . —_____ , and so did I. (05安徽卷—35)
A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she
36. _____ , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (05重庆卷—27)
A.A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
37. _____ , Carolina couldn’t get the door open . (05广东卷)
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try
38. _____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research .
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple (05江苏卷—35)
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
39.—Did Linda see the traffic accident ? (06天津卷—03)
—No , no sooner _____ than it happened .
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
40.I’ve tried very hard to improve my English . But by no means _____ satisfied with my progress .
A. the teacher is not B. is the teacher not C. the teacher is D. is the teacher (06重庆卷)
41.—I reminded you not to forget the appointment . —_____ . (06江西卷—31)
A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I
42.Never in my wildest dreams _____ these people are living in such poor conditions . (06安徽卷—31)
A. I could imagine B. could I imagin