高考攻略READING科技前沿.doc

科技前沿ANALYZE【专题介绍】反映科技前沿内容的说明文一般来说主要介绍人工智能产品和其他的高科技产品，展示这类产品给生活带来的便利以及可能给我们的生活带来的变化。这类文章的选材一般力求新颖，符合学生探究新事物的心理，对学生创造性思维的培养具有一定的启迪作用。热点题材有:1 介绍人工智能产品。如蛇形机器人的研究和应用 (山东2006 E篇)；2 介绍其他高科技产品或者项目。如2005年浙江卷的D篇介绍一种新型的智能触摸屏装置；2007年山东卷的E篇介绍了一种新型的应用高科技来监督孩子们锻炼身体的减肥运动鞋；而2008年江西卷的E篇则是对太空旅馆的介绍。【应考策略】这类文章的体裁主要为科普说明文。高考对科普说明文的考查是阅读理解的重要考点，也是难点。科普说明文着重揭示自然界的潜在奥秘、生物生存背景和产品工艺原理，多含解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此阅读科普说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。【高考范例】 Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more. And this stands to reason, if youre paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit! So in order for tourism to reach its full potential theres going to be a need for orbital accommodation or space hotels. What would a space hotel actually be like to visit? Hotels in orbit will offer the services you expect from a hotel private rooms, meals, bars. But theyll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views of Earth and space and the endless entertainment of living in zero gravity including sports and other activities that make use of this.The hotels themselves will vary greatly from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structures at a later date. Its actually surprising that as late as 1997, very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them havent expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible. Lots of people whove been to space have described vividly what its like to live in zero gravity. There are obviously all sorts of possibilities for dancing, gymnastics, and zero-G sports. Luckily, you dont need to sleep much living in zero gravity, so youll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below. Of course all good things have come to an end, unfortunately. And so after a few days youll find yourself heading back though youll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived. Youll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up again or maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel.1. When traveling in space, most people would like to stay in orbit for a few days because _. A. it is expensive to travel in spaceB. they would find the possible life in other star systemsC. they could enjoy the luxury of space hotelsD. they want to realize the full potential of tourism2. Which of the following is a unique experience that space hotels will offer?A. The gravitational pull. B. The special views.C. The relaxation in a bar. D. The space walk.3. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?A. When was the space traveling made possible?B. What are the unique experiences that space hotels will offer?C. Why were there not many published designs for space hotels?D. How can the travelers enjoy themselves in space hotels?4. This passage is mainly about _.A. traveling in spaceB. the ways of living in space hotelsC. zero gravity and space hotelsD. the description of space hotels(江西2008)【阅读赏析】本文的题材较为独特太空旅馆。第一段介绍了建立太空旅馆的必要性及其特点；第二段介绍了太空旅馆的发展；第三段介绍在太空旅馆中的娱乐活动和生活体验；最后一段说明从太空返回后的感受。【答案解析】1. A。第一段开头告诉我们大多数人想在太空多逗留几日是合乎情理的(And this stands to reason)，因为毕竟太空旅行的费用很高。故选 A。2. B。由第一段可知除了通常的旅馆中的设施外，太空旅馆的独特体验在于观赏美景（impressive views）和进行失重条件下的娱乐活动(entertainment of living in zero gravity)。故选B。3. A。第一段最后一句介绍太空旅馆的独特之处，排除B；第二段最后一句叙述太空旅馆设计不多的原因，排除C；第三段叙述在太空旅馆可以如何从事休闲娱乐，排除D。唯独没有提及A项的内容。4. D。本文并没有讲述太空旅行的方方面面，而是聚焦于对太空旅馆的详细介绍，故选D。PRACTICE阅读下列短文，从每题所给出的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Todays leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells (细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.1. According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by _.A. diseases and aging B. accidents and warC. accidents and aging D. heart disease and war2. In the authors opinion, todays most important advance in technology lies in _.A. medicine B. the Internet C. brain cells D. human organs3. Humans may live longer in the future because _.A. heart disease will be far away from usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine4. We can learn from the passage that _.A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the futureB. humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells nowC. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer lifeD. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells(辽宁2007)BIf you own a car in a big city, chances are that your car radio has already been stolen, or soon will be. Maybe even the car itself. The theft of car radio and car itself is a common crime in the United States: more than 1 million cars and many more radios are pilfered every year and the numbers are rising. Traditional car alarms, with the wailing sirens (尖啸报警器), simply arent an effective device because a professional thief can steal a car or radio in seconds, long before car owners or police respond to an alarm.To help solve the problem, a Stockholm company, Ultrapro, has developed what is called an almost foolproof antitheft system. The product is designed to prevent the would-be thieves from breaking into cars, but it also includes a shocking surprise for those who do that. The system, which was tested for a year, is both mechanical (机械的) and electrical in its operation. Its locks cannot open from the outside. A thief must either use heavy tools to pry (撬) open a door, which takes precious time and would be obvious to passers-by or police, or smash a window and climb inside.If a thief should smash a window or pry open a car door, he will be the center of attention, because the car horn will begin blaring (发出响而刺耳的声音) and its lights flashing. If he goes on, and sits down on the front seat, an unseen threat is waiting a 9,000 volt electric shock in the seat of his pants. The shock will not seriously harm the thief but should frighten him to leave at once.1. In the first paragraph, the underlined word “pilfered” could be best replaced by “_”.A. damaged B. stolenC. licensed D. changed2. Why is the traditional alarm not an effective device against thieves? A. Thieves are not afraid of the wailing siren. B. The siren does not use electric shock.C. Cars can be stolen before the owners can respond to an alarm.D. An advanced antitheft system has been designed to replace the alarm. 3. According to the passage, which of the following will the 9, 000 volt electric shock do?A. It will seriously hurt the person who sits down on the front seat.B. It will cause fire to frighten the thief. C. It will bring no serious harm to the thief but frighten him away. D. It will keep the would-be thief from breaking the window.4. A thief will probably do any of the following in stealing a car EXCEPT _.A. blare the car horn B. climb into the car C. smash the car window D. pry open the car doorA 1-4 AADC B 1-4 BCCA