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不定代词的用法知识点及练习题
不定代词的用法知识点及练习题
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不定代词
1. 定义
所谓“不定”,就是“不确定”“不明确”的意思,所以不定代词就是指不明确表示代替某特定名词或形容词的代词,如someone意为“某人",something意为“某事”或“某物",many表示“许多人”或“许多物”,a few表示“几个人”或“几个事物”,等等.
(1)普通不定代词
some; any
few; little
none 没有一个
one
other 其它的
many; much
either两者中的一个;
neither两者都不
each; every
both; all
★ some与any
一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中.如:
①肯定句:He asked some questions. 他问了一些问题。
②否定句:He didn't ask any questions。 他没有问任何问题。
③疑问句:Did he ask any questions? 他问了些问题没有?
但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,希望对方的肯定回答,通常要用 some 而不用any。如:
① Shall I get some for you? 要我帮你拿些来吗?
② Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some?
既然你有那么多,为什么不给她一些呢?
any 有时也用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思。如:
Any of these may suit you。 这些中间的任何一个都可能适合你。
另外,汉语可说“任何……都不",但英语不能说any…not。因为按英语习惯,any总是要出现在否定词not的后面,而不能出现在它的前面。如:
我想任何学生都回答不了这个问题.
正:I don't think any student can answer this question.
正:I think no student can answer this question.
误:I think any student can't answer this question.
第一句用的是not…any,故正确;第二句用的是no,相当于not…any,也正确;第三句用的是any…not,就错了。
★ many与much
两者意思相同,都表示“许多”,但用法不同,many用于修饰或代替可数名词;而much用于修饰或代替不可数名词。如:
① Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴风雨中许多树倒了。
② Much money has been wasted that way. 很多钱都这样浪费了.
+不可数名词
little 几乎没有
a little 有点儿
★ few, a few与 little, a little
+可数名词复数
few 几乎没有
a few 有几个
① He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
② There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋.
③ There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
④ This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那本书难一点.
★ all与both
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修饰可数名词也可代替和修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词.
① Both of my parents like sports。 我的父母都喜欢运动.
② All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作.
★ either与neither
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither意思是“两个都不”。
① He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信.
② ——Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither。 I will go there by train.
你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。
★ another,the other
① the other指两个人或物中的一个。
He has two daughters。 One is a nurse, the other is a worker。
他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。
② another指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个.
I have three daughters。 One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker。
我有三个女儿.一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。
(2)复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等构成的一类代词.
somebody
(某人)
anybody
(某人/任何人)
nobody
(没有人)
everybody
(每人)
someone
(某人)
anyone
(某人/任何人)
no one
(没有人)
everyone
(每人)
something
(某事)
anything
(某事/任何事)
nothing
(没有东西)
everything
(每一件事)
★ 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等.
I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你们.
★ 复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。
Someone has just come to see you。 有个人刚刚来看你。
There's nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病.
★ 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anyone等时,其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 当句子主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everthing, anything, something, nothing等时,其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词it。
Everybody is here, aren't they? Everything is ready, isn't it?
★ everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人; every one既可指人也可指物。
I'd like everyone to be happy。 我希望人人都幸福。
I have kept every one of her letters。 我把她的每一封信都保存下来.
练习题
1.He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here.
A.very much B.too much C.much too D.so many
2.There isn’t ____ water in the cup。
A.any B.many C.some D.the
3.The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it.
A.anything B.something C.nothing
4.—-——“There isn’t ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?”
———-“All ringht.”
A.some; some B.any; any C.some; any D.any; some
5.There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand。
A.both B.all C.every D.each
6.These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one。
A.other B.others C.the others D.another
7.“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?"“I like ____ , because they’re not useful.”
A.both B.either C.all D.neither
8.They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest。
A.any B.some C.none D.neither
9.“Haven't you forgotten ____ ?”“ ____ ,oh, I forgot my bag。"
A.anything; Excuse me B.something; Excuse me
C.something; Pardon D.everything; Pardon
10.Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you。
A.important anything B.anything important
C.important something D.something important
11.--—- ____ of the boys in Class Four are playing games。
————____。
A.All B.Each C.The both D.None
12.There are twenty teachers in this grade.Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.
A.the other B.the others C.Others D.other
1-5 BACDD 6—10 DDCAD 11-12 AB
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