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英语常见后缀的意思和用法.doc

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1、英语常见后缀的意思和用法一、后缀1-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3-ette意为:1)小的东西(smal

2、l)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5-hood意为:时期(status;etc)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship

3、 7-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful 8-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc)例词: organization,foundation 9-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10-al意为:动

4、作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine o

5、f,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism 二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify 2-ize;-en意为:使,变得(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3-ate

6、意为:增加,使(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful 2-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless

7、 3-ly意为:有品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly 4-like意为:像的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5-y;-ish意为:像一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6-some意为:像一样的;引起的;有品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:tro

8、ublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7-able(ible)意为:能的;可以的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8-ed意为:有的(having,etc)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9-al意为:有属性的,类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical 10-ar

9、y(ory)意为:属于的,与相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory 11-ous意为:富含的;有品质的;像的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12-ic(ical)意为:类的;属于的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13-ive意为:有

10、属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ly意为:以方式(in a.manner;etc) 例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely 2-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s) 3-wise意为:1)按照方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就而言(as far as .is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise 有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting

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