美国文化解读要点.doc

Unit 5Chapter 13 The Constitution and the Federal SystemNew Words1. enact vt. to make a proposal in law Congress refused to enact the bill2. enforce vt. to make people obey a rule or lawGovernments make laws and the police enforce them.Parking restrictions will be strictly enforced.3. veto n./vt. (vetoed, vetoing, vetoes) 否决权，否决vt. if someone in authority vetoes something, they refuse to allow it to happen, especially something that other people or organizations have agreed (=disapprove of)veto legislation/a measure/a proposal etcPresident Bush vetoed the bill on July 6.to refuse to accept a particular plan or suggestionJenny wanted to invite all her friends, but I quickly vetoed that idea .n. Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have a veto over any proposal. 联合国安全理事会常任理事国对一切提案均有否决权.Japan used her veto to block the resolution. 日本使用了否决权反对该项决议.4. override vt. (overrode overridden) disregard or set aside (sbs opinions, etc) 不顾, 不理会（某人意见等）: override sbs views, decisions, wishes, etc 无视某人的看法 决定 愿望等 * They overrode my protest and continued with the meeting. 他们不顾我的抗议仍继续开会. be more important than (sth) 比（某事物）更重要: Considerations of safety override all other concerns. 对安全的考虑压倒一切.overriding adj usu attrib 通常作定语 more important than any other considerations 首要的: It is of overriding importance to finish the project this week. 最重要的是本星期要完成这一项目.5. consular adj. 领事的6. resignation n. 辞职 resign vt. 7. void adj. 无效的8. amendment n. U and C a small change, improvement, or addition that is made to a law or document, or the process of doing thisconstitutional amendmentsamendment toan amendment to the resolution9. convention n. 代表大会，习俗，惯例，协定10. prosecutor n. 检察官11. impeachment n. 弹劾12. stray vi. 偏离My mind kept straying from the discussion (to other things). 我在讨论时总是走神（去想别的事情）. * Dont stray (away) from the point. 不要离题13. repeal vt. /n. withdraw (a law, etc) officially; revoke 废止（法规等）; 撤消; 取消14. repulsive a. extremely unpleasant, in a way that almost makes you feel sick = revolting, disgusting The sight of him is repulsive to me. 我一看见他就十分反感.15. controversy n. 争议，争论 controversial a. 有争议的16. discriminate vi./vt. vi. to treat a person or group differently from another in an unfair waydiscriminate againstUnder federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against minorities and women.discriminate on the grounds/basis of sthIt was found that the company still discriminated on the basis of race in promotions. vi./vt. to recognize a difference between things= differentiate discriminate betweenNewborn babies can discriminate between a mans and a womans voice.discriminate sth from sth17. provision n. a condition in an agreement or lawThe agreement includes a provision for each side to check the other sides weapons.under the provisions of sthUnder the provisions of the Act, employers must supply safety equipment.18. jurisdiction n. 司法权, 管辖权, 审判权19. subdivision n. 分支，分部Useful Expressions:立法部门 行政部门 司法部门立法委员立法机关，议会参议院(上议院) 参议员众议院(下议院) 众议员/国会议员选区议案最高法院违反宪法条款制约与平衡经受考验涉嫌妨碍司法公正水门事件三权分立隐瞒消息宪法程序保持航向权利法案在中心，核心政教分离州议会联邦政府法院 预审法院上诉法院最高法院经历诸多危机与批评