Unit_1_教师用书.doc

UNIT 1 READINGPassage ANOTES1. Anna Greenspan (the author)Anna Greenspan works as a Shanghai-based independence scholar in the areas of digital culture and globalization. She has published a book entitled “India and the IT Revolution: Networks of Global Culture” (Palgrave:2005) as well as a number of articles on the rise of India and China.An associate research scholar with the Globalization Institute at McMaster University in Canada, Ms. Greenspan is currently teaching a course on Western political thought to members of the Shanghai government.She is also a mother living in Shanghai who will soon have to confront questions about cross-cultural learning directly in the education of her young son.Ms. Greenspan has a PhD in philosophy from the University of Warwick, United kingdom. 2. Howard GardnerHoward Earl Gardner (born July 11, 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania) is an American psychologist who is based at Harvard University. He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences. Multiple intelligence is an idea that maintains there exist many different types of intelligences ascribed to human beings. In response to the question of whether or not measures of intelligence are scientific, Gardner suggests that each individual manifests varying levels of different intelligences, and thus each person has a unique cognitive profile. The theory was first laid out in Gardners 1983 book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and has been further refined in subsequent years. In 1999 Gardner lists eight intelligences as linguistic, logic-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal and intrapersonal.3. conformistConformist is a person who suspends his self-determined actions or opinions in favor of obedience to the mandates or conventions of ones peer-group, or deference to the imposed norms of a supervening authority. One manifestation of conformism emerges in the practice of going along and getting along with people who appear to be more powerful. Conformism holds that individuals and small groups do best by blending in with their surroundings and by doing nothing eccentric or out-of-the-ordinary in any way.4. “The tall nail gets hammered down”It is a Japanese adage, which means an individual who stands out in a crowd would face harmful consequences. (枪打出头鸟)5. group-thinkGroup-think is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. Individual creativity, uniqueness, and independent thinking are lost in the pursuit of group cohesiveness, as are the advantages of reasonable balance in choice and thought that might normally be obtained by making decisions as a group. During group-think, members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking. A variety of motives for this may exist such as a desire to avoid being seen as foolish, or a desire to avoid embarrassing or angering other members of the group. Group-think may cause groups to make hasty, irrational decisions, where individual doubts are set aside, for fear of upsetting the groups balance. The term is frequently used pejoratively, with hindsight.团体迷思（亦作团体盲思），指团体在决策过程中，由于成员倾向让自己的观点与团体一致，因而令整个团体缺乏不同的思考角度，不能进行客观分析。一些值得争议的观点、有创意的想法或客观的意见不会有人提出、或者是遭到忽视及隔离。团体迷思可能导致团体作出不合理、甚至是很仓促的决定。部份成员即使并不赞同团体的最终决定，但在团体迷思的影响下，也会顺从团体。一般认为团体迷思这个概念由美国心理学家艾尔芬詹尼斯（Irving Janis）首先提出。但William Safire于2004年8月8日纽约时报杂志撰文指出，团体迷思一词实为 William H. Whyte 于1952年在财富杂志中首先提出。6. home-schooledHomeschooling or homeschool (also called home education or home learning) is the education of children at home, typically by parents but sometimes by tutors, rather than in a formal setting of public or private school. Although prior to the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education occurred within the family or community, homeschooling in the modern sense is an alternative in developed countries to formal education.Homeschooling is a legal option in many places for parents to provide their children with a learning environment as an alternative to publicly-provided schools. Parents cite numerous reasons as motivations to home school, including better academic test results, poor public school environment, improved character/morality development, and objections to what is taught locally in public school. It is also an alternative for families living in isolated rural locations or living temporarily abroad.Number and percentage of homeschooled students, by reason for homeschooling: 1999, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)Reason for homeschoolingNumber ofhomeschooled studentsPercents.e.Can give child better education at home415,00048.93.79Religious reason327,00038.44.44Poor learning environment at school218,00025.63.44Family reasons143,00016.82.79To develop character/morality128,00015.13.39Object to what school teaches103,00012.12.11School does not challenge child98,00011.62.39Other problems with available schools76,0009.02.40Child has special needs/disability69,0008.21.89Transportation/convenience23,0002.71.48Child not old enough to enter school15,0001.81.13Parents career12,0001.50.80Could not get into desired school12,0001.50.997. globalizationGlobalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways such as:l Industrial - emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries. l Financial - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers. As these worldwide structures grew more quickly than any transnational regulatory regime, the instability of the global financial infrastructure dramatically increased, as evidenced by the financial crises of late 2008.l Economic - realization of a global common market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital. The interconnectedness of these markets, however meant that an economic collapse in any one given country could not be contained.l Political - Some use globalization to mean the creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization. Politically, the United States has enjoyed a position of power among the world powers, in part because of its strong and wealthy economy. l Informational - increase in information flows between geographically remote locations. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fibre optic communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephone and Internet. l Language - The most popular language is English.l Competition - Survival in the new global business market calls for improved productivity and increased competition. Due to the market becoming worldwide, companies in various industries have to upgrade their products and use technology skillfully in order to face increased competition. l Ecological - the advent of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, over-fishing of the ocean, and the spread of invasive species. Since many factories are built in developing countries with less environmental regulation, globalism and free trade may increase pollution. On the other hand, economic development historically required a dirty industrial stage, and it is argued that developing countries should not, via regulation, be prohibited from increasing their standard of living. l Cultural - growth of cross-cultural contacts; advent of new categories of consciousness and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to increase ones standard of living and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new technology and practices, and participate in a world culture. Some bemoan the resulting consumerism and loss of languages. Some consider such imported culture a danger, since it may supplant the local culture, causing reduction in diversity or even assimilation. Others consider multiculturalism to promote peace and understanding between peoples. Passage BNOTES1. Crouching Tiger, Hidden DragonCrouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a Chinese-language film in the martial-arts style. A China-Hong Kong-Taiwan-United States co-production, the movie was directed by Ang Lee and featured an international cast of ethnic Chinese actors, including Chow Yun-Fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi and Chang Chen. The movie has won over 40 awards and has become the highest-grossing foreign language film in American history. 2. Jet LiLi Lianjie, better known for his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese martial artist, actor, wushu champion and an international star who is currently residing in Singapore. 3. Zen Buddhism禅宗，属汉传佛教宗派之一，传说始于菩提达摩，盛于六祖惠能，中晚唐之后成为汉传佛教的主流，也是汉传佛教最主要的象征之一。因早期不立文字，又称“佛心宗”。4. WBWarner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. (also known as Warner Bros. Pictures, or simply Warner Bros. the shortened form of the former official, sometimes still used, formal corporate name: Warner Brothers) is a producer of film and television entertainment.5. fajitaA fajita (pronounced /fhit/) (Spanish pronunciation:faxita) is a generic term used in Tex-Mex cuisine referring to grilled meat served on a flour or corn tortilla. Though originally only skirt steak popular meats today also include chicken, pork, shrimp and all cuts of beef. In restaurants, the meat is often cooked with onions and bell peppers. Popular condiments are shredded lettuce, sour cream, guacamole, salsa, pico de gallo, cheese, and tomato.墨西哥烤肉，有时音译为“法西塔”、“法士达”、“法吉它”等；是美国的墨西哥风味(tex-mex)菜肴，烤肉就着墨西哥薄饼(tortilla)食用。最初产生时只用烤牛肉，后来渐渐包括了鸡肉、猪肉和海鲜。法士达一般是将肉类与洋葱和青椒一起烤制。常见的调料有酸奶油(sour cream)、鳄梨酱(guacamole)、萨尔萨辣酱(salsa sauce)等。6. Iron ChefIron Chef (料理鉄人，lit. Ironmen of Cooking) is a Japanese television cooking show produced by FujiTV. The series, which premiered on October 10, 1993, was a stylized cooking competition featuring accomplished guest chefs challenging one of the shows resident Iron Chefs in a timed cooking battle built around a specific theme ingredient. The series ended on September 24, 1999, although occasional specials were produced until 2002. The series aired over 300 episodes.7. Orientalism Orientalism refers to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers, designers and artists. The 20th century scholar Edward Said in his controversial book Orientalism uses the term to describe a Western tradition, both academic and artistic, of hostile and deprecatory views of the East, shaped by the attitudes of European imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries. When used in this sense, Orientalism implies essentializing and prejudiced outsider interpretations of Eastern cultures and peoples.8. AsiaphiliaAsiaphilia is a slang term which refers to attraction for people of Asian descent by those of non-Asian descent. It can also be called “Yellow Fever”. Men with a preference for Asian women have been referred to as Asiaphiles9. BETBlack Entertainment Television (commonly referred to by its acronym B.E.T.) is an American cable network based in Atlanta, Georgia, and targets young African-American audiences in the United States. Robert L. Johnson founded the network in 1980. Most programming of the network comprises mainstream rap and R&B music videos and urban-oriented movies and series.10. GQGQ (originally Gentlemens Quarterly) is a monthly mens magazine focusing upon fashion, style, and culture for men, through articles on food, movies, fitness, sex, music, travel, sports, technology, and books.Comprehension1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T SPEAKINGBrainstormingChinese Students Ways of LearningMimicry模仿 gentle guidance mastery of technical skills concentrated discipline respectful conformity extra homeworkAmerican Students Ways of Learningcreativity self-reliance imagination space problem-solving skills free experimentation original expression Globalizationmandarin Asian-style math outsourcing trends American-style preschools combination of western and eastern education balance between technical competence and creative thought Eastern InfluencesZen Buddhism karaoke feng shui wasabi Asian films Chinese calligraphy chai tai chi sashimi Chinese take-out place yoga Kung fu acupuncture karate martial arts yin and yang AsianizationOrientalism marriage of East and West East-West assimilation melding Asian-American cultural blend混合 Asiaphilia TasksII. Here is how an American or Canadian would usually respond to the statements. 1. Women greeting men or other women; men greeting women. 2. 3. Not usually appropriate. 4. Not common in large cities, but often common in small towns. 5. North Americans often arrive a little late. 6. Its polite to call first and ask if its ok. 7. If theres plenty of food. 8. This is sometimes ok in small towns. 9. But friends often take turns paying for the whole check when they go out together regularly. 10. 11. But ok among friends. 12. 13. 14. 15. High school students call their teachers by Mr. xx or Ms xx. 16. 17. Parents dont usually interfere with childrens decisions. 18. 19. 20. Young people usually live on their own after they get married Presentational Skills 1) The presentation has a clear structure.2) The presenter speaks clearly.3) The content is relevant.4) The PPT slides used are informative and support the message.5) The presenter appears confident and positive.6) The different parts of the presentation are linked together. 7) The speaker maintains eye contact with members of the audience.8) The presentation has a clear structure.9) The presenter speaks at an appropriate speed.ORG DELORGVISBODORGBODORGDEL TRANSLATIONI.AWestern teachers working at Chinese preschools express shock at the levels of strictness imposed, and the ways in which the most difficult children are chastised. 对于校纪实施的严格程度和对最难管教学生的处罚方式，在中国幼儿园工作的西方教师表示震惊。1 英语记述，习惯主观感受在前，客观事实在后，而汉语相反，译时不妨调整语序。2 preschool在美国一般为“3-5岁儿童”开设，按年龄段看与国内幼儿园大致相当，而国内开设的“学前班”类似美国的kindergarten，针对5-6岁儿童，为进入小学一年级做好准备，所以preschool译为“学前班”或“学前学校”皆不妥。3 difficult children指“children difficult to teac