高考英语应试常见错误分析.doc

10 北 京 四 中高考英语应试常见错误分析 代词错误改正技能一、 人称代词人称代词有人称（第一、第二和第三人称）、数（单数和复数）和格（主格和宾格）的变化。作主语和表语时，一般用主格；而作宾语时，一般用宾格。1、 在使用人称代词时，要避免单复数的误用。2、 在使用人称代词时，要避免主格和宾格的误用。例题1.Every doctor must know both medical theory and technque so that A B he can apply it in helping his patients. C D 解析：C错。这里的代词是指代theory and technque的，应用复数形式：them。2. The only students who were asked to attend the meeting were A B CBob, Peter, Bill and me. D解析：D错。此处的代词指代的是前面的who，而who在定语 从句中充当的是主语，因此，这里的代词应用主格形式：I 。二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性别物主代词用作定语；而名词性物主代词可用作主语、表语和宾语。1、在使用物主代词时，要避免形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的误用。2、在使用物主代词时，其单复数和人称须与所指代的名词一致。例题Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if we expect A B Cto pass the examination. D解析：A错。此处的代词是指代前面的some of us，显然，它们在人称上并不一致。故而应改为：our。三、 反身代词表示“某人自己”的代词称作反身代词。它在句中可作宾语、同位语和状语。但不能作主语。在使用反身代词时，同样要注意其单复数和人称须与所指代的名词一致。例题After she had bought himself a new car, she sold her bicycle. A B C D解析：B错。此处的代词与其指代的she不一致, 故而应改为： herself。四、 不定代词常用的不定代词有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each,every, one, all, both, either, neither, other, another, others,及由some, any, no, every构成的复合词。不定代词的用法较复杂，应把意义相近而用法不同的词进行对比。1 Some和any的用法区别。Some 一般用于肯定句，但是在表示请求或邀请时，或是在期待对方的肯定回答时，也可用Some ；但any常用于问句和否定句中。2 No和none用法区别。No通常用作定语来修饰可数名词或不可数名词；而none则作代词来代替可数名词或不可数名词作主语或宾语。3 Many和 much的用法区别。Many用来修饰或代替可数名词，而much则用来修饰或代替不可数名词。4 few, a few, little, a little用法区别。few, a few用来修饰或代替可数名词，few表示“没有几个”，而a few则表示“有几个（但并不多）；little, a little则用来修饰或代替不可数名词，little表示“很少”，而a little则表示“有一点”。5 Each和every的用法区别。Each指人或事物的个别情况，相当于“每个”的意思，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语；every则强调共同性，相当于“每个都”的意思，通常作定语来修饰one, body, thing等词。6 One的用法。One可作主语、宾语、定语，其所有格是ones,反身代词是oneself, One常用来代替上文中出现过的名词，以避免重复，其复数形式是ones。同时，还要注意one和 it的区别：one用来代替同一名称的另一个东西；而it用来代替同一名称的同一个东西。7 the other和 another的用法区别。the other常指两个中的另 一个；而another则指三个及其以上中的另一个。 例题1、I did not choose any of the three offerings, because I found A B either of them satisfactory. C D解析：C错。either 强调两个中的任一个，而句中的数量是三个，从句意来看，应改为：none。 2. If a beggar asks you for some money, will you give him some? A B C D 解析：D错。some 一般用于肯定句, 而any常用于问句, 因此应改为：any。五、 指示代词指示代词有：this, that, these, those, it, such, same 等。This和these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物，也常用来指后面要提到的事情，有启下的作用。That和 these则常用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物，也可用来代替前面出现过的名词，以免重复。例题These televisions are quite popular in Europe, but those ones are not. A B C D 解析：C错。Those本身就已是指示代词，其后的ones纯属多余，应该把它去掉。六、相互代词 英语中的相互代词有两个：each other和one another，按书面英语的要求，我们一般这样来区别其用法：each other指两者之间的相互关系；而one another指二者以上之间的相互关系。例题If Betty and Lily compete together in another chess tournament it will be A B C difficult to predict the winner. D解析: A错。从句意可看出，这是两个人之间的竞争，而together表示的是“一起、共同”做某事，并不表示相互关系，故改为：each other。七、代词改错综合训练解题指导 1、检查句中人称代词的主格和宾格是否误用。 2、检查句中名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词之间有无误用的情况。 3、检查句中指示代词的使用是否恰当。 4、检查句中不定代词的使用是否恰当。 5、检查句中前后代词是否一致。1、 检查句中作主语的代词与谓语的数是否一致 介词错误改正技能一、介词概述介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特别是一些常用介词的搭配能力特别强，可以用来表示各种不同的意思。因此这就成了中国学生学习英语的一大头疼的问题。下面就介绍一些常用介词的意义，并把教学大纲中的相关搭配归纳其后。 1、about 关于、有关、大约、周围 quarrel about, talk about, think about, worry about, etc. 2. across 横过、穿过、在对面 come across, etc. 3. after 在之后、按照、追求 after class, day after day, look after, after school, after a while, etc. 4at 在时刻、在岁时、按速度/价格、在（地点）、在（状 态）中、因为/由于、朝着 at the age of, arrive at a place, at the beginning of, at breakfast, at first, be good at, at home, knock at, at last, at least, laugh at, look at, at noon, at night, at once, at present, at school, at the same time, work hard at, at work, etc. 5. as 作为、如同 be considered as, as a matter of fact, as a result, such as, as well as, as usual, as well, etc. 6. by 在旁边、靠、通过、按、以、到为止、经过、沿着 by air/plane/sea/ship/land/train/bike/bus/car, by day, by mistake, one by one, pass by, learn/know sth. by heart, by the side of, side by side, by the way,etc.7. down 沿着 往下 put sth. down, take down, write down, etc.8. for 为、对于、因为/由于、去、往、作为、至于、就而言、赞成、支持 ask for sth. , call for, care for, for ever, for example, be fit for, look for, go for a walk, be late for, take a message for, pay for sth. make room for, be/get ready for, send for, wait for, etc.9. from 自、从起、离、用 制成、由于 be away from, come from, far from, fromon, fromto, hear from, be made from, separatefrom, stop sb. from doing sth. , from time to time, etc.10.in 在里、在（状态）中、在（时间）以后、在方面、用 in all, arrive in a place, take sb. in ones arms, be born in, in danger, fill in, do well in, in the end, in English, in fact, in front of, hand in, in a hurry, join in, let in, be made in, in the middle of, in a minute, in need of, in order, in order that, in order to, take part in, in public, in space, in time, in surprise, keep in touch with sb. , in trouble, in a short while, in a word, once in a while, in other words, etc.11.of 的 be afraid of, because of, a bit of, hear of, instead of, a place of interest, out of breath, take care of, of course, a good/great deal of, first of all, be fond of, make fun of, a kind of, all kinds of, a lot of, lots of, be made of out of, a piece of, take the place of, plenty of, be proud of, scores of, tens of thousands of, think of, make use of, out of work, be full of,etc.12. on 在上、在时候、关于、论及、处于情况中 carry on, on foot, get on, go on with ones work, have sth. on, on holiday keep on doing sth. , on the left/right, put on, on the radio, on show, on time, on top of, try on, turn on, on ones way to, on the way,etc.13. with 和一起、对、用、具有、带有、在身边、因为、由于 agree with sb., be angry with sb., be busy with sth., catch up with, be covered with, deal with, make friends with, get along/on with, go on with ones work, help sb. with sth., have nothing to do with, make sentences with, be strict with, keep in touch with, be wrong with, have a word with sb., etc.14. to 到、向、往、给、于、为了、在 之前、到程度、位于 pay attention to, go to bed/school/college, belong to, go to the cinema, face to face, help oneself to, say hello to, listen to, point to, go to sleep, sentence sb. to death, stick to, turn to, be used to(习惯于)，write to, on the way to, on ones way to, etc.15. up 向上、 在上 give up, join up, look up, make up ones mind, pick up, put up, ring up, send up, set up, wake up, etc.例题1. My marks in English and mathematics were higher than or equal in theirs. A B C D解析：D错。be equal to是一个固定搭配。因此应改为：to。2. While in vacation, Joan became ill and had to stay in hospital for ten days. A B C D解析：A错。表示“在度假时”，应用on vacation。on。3When Rose returned by abroad, she told me all about her trip. A B C D解析：B错。表示“由国外归来” 应用 return from abroad。因此应改为：from。 三、当用动词不定式作定语修饰名词时，要注意动词后面的介词不能省略。 例题 Since we have lived in this small house for nearly twenty years, my A B parents decide to find a big house to live. C D 解析：D错。to live与它的逻辑宾语a big house之间构不成动宾关系，只有在动词live后面加上介词in后，它们才能构成动宾关系。 在线测试单项选择1. Do you want tea or coffee? _. I really dont mind. (NMET200春招，6) A. BothB. None C. EitherD. Neither2. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _$15. (NMET2000, 16) A. anotherB. other C. moreD. each3. Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have _ ? (NMET2000, 23) A. itB. that C. oneD. this4. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000, 17) A. whoB. which C. thisD. what5. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? (2001春招，18) A. whereB. what C. howD. which6. The train leaves at 6:00pm. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 pm at the latest. (NMET97, 11) A. untilB. after C. byD. around7. For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree _. (97上海，14) A. in sightB. on earth C. at a distanceD. in place8. I wanted two seats _ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. (98上海，17) A. of B. about C. to D. for9. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1, 200. This means it has risen _ 20 percent. (99上海，11) A. byB. at C. toD. with10. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET2000, 18) A. AsB. For C. WithD. Through答案 。either意为两者中任何一个，依据题干“I really dont mind”，故答喝茶、喝咖啡两者任何一个都可。 。pay another $ 15=pay $15 more意为“再付15美元”。 。此题考查代词的用法。本题用代词one替代上文的a little break. 。此题考查非限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法，只有which能够引起非限定性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子。 。题干中已明确交待了某一本书或是另外一本书，只是没有确定哪一个而已。而且，题干中的or也起了提示作用，表选择。 。从原题句意“火车在下午点离开，”可知，、项不符原句。项是干扰项。后半句意思为“最晚在下午5:40到达车站”，因此，只能选。意思是“到5:40pm为止。” 。in sight是“在视野之内”是惯用法。 。这题是考查考生对介词用法的掌握。该题意为“我想要两个座位看星期五的电影Madame Curie. ”。for在此意为“对于”，“适合于”。例如：I have no ear for music. 。如果表示增加了或减少了多少，用介词by。如果表示增加或减少（reduce）到多少，用介词to。 10。此题考查介词间语义区别，只有合题意。完型填空98上海 College and university graduations in the United States are arriving earlier and earlier each year as the average length of school year gets shorter. The school years has fallen by nearly six weeks, from 191 days in 1964 to 156 days in 1994, according to the National Association of Scholars. 11 , most American kindergarten, elementary (初等的) and high school students are 12 to spend 180 days a year in their schools. The length of the average class period also has 13 , from more than 57 minutes to less then 54, the Association reports. “The 14 has to that students are simply 15 less,” said the director of the Association. “If you count the actual 16 of contact hours, youll find they are 17 four years in college getting an education that would have taken about 18 years in 1964.” The universities argue (认为) that they are simply teaching more 19 . “The traditional idea that learning 20 in the classroom and through reading and writing 21 based on seat time is out of date, ” said a spokesman for the American Council on Education. 22 than attending lectures, students now chat with their professors on their computers or use other type of 23 technology, allowing for a shorter school year, he said. “It is very 24 that, in many schools, they are going to spend less time 25 than they used to.”11. A. By comparisonB. In particularC. Strangely enoughD As a result12. A. intendedB. requiredC. requestedD. inquired13. A. fallenB. declinedC. oppressedD. lowered14. A. reasonB. causeC. conclusionD. condition15. A. playingB. learningC. workingD. paying16. A. numberB. timesC. needD. arrangement17. A. spendingB. givenC. livingD. asked18. A. fiveB. twoC. threeD. six19. A. quicklyB. thoroughlyC. wiselyD. efficiently20. A. cameB. took placeC. startedD. appeared21. A. questionsB. booksC. assignmentsD. texts22. A. RatherB. MoreC. LessD. Easier23. A. knowledgeB. informationC. messageD. intelligence24. A. possiblyB. probablyC. lovelyD. likely25. A. at homeB. in the laboratoryC. in the classroomD. on computer答案 11。这是一个固定短语。意思是“比较起来，较之”。 12。短语require sb to do sth，意思是“命令、要求某人做某事”，这一短语经常用被动态，而短语request sb to do sth是“请求某人做某事”。 13。这句话的意思是“平均课时的长度减少了。”fall为不及物动词，而lower为及物动词，应该用被动式。 14。此处意思是结论。 15。根据上文得知由于课时缩短，所以得出结论：“学生学得少”。 16。根据句意，引处为数量。 17。表示“度过时间”，应该选择spend。 18。根据上下文意思得知，在1964年，课时，学期同1994年比较，前者要长，通过对比应该选。 19。根据文章大意，这种教学很有效果。 20。这里take place的意思是“进行”之意。而答案应该用被动式。 21。此处意思是“作业”。 22。rather than是固定短语，意思是“不用，而不是”。 23。此处意思是“学生们不用上课，可以通过电脑或者使用别的信息知识与教者交谈。” 24。此处根据语法结构要求，必用形容词，而句意要求考生应用此选项。25。阅读理解NMET 2000E Excused from recycling (回收利用) because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute (垃圾道)？You wont be for long. Maimis Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too. In Shantzis Hi-Rise Recycling System, a chute leads to a pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated. The system, which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use, enables glass, plastic, paper, metal, and other rubbish to go into separate boxes. The system is controlled from a board fixed next to the chute door. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials (as well as for unrecyclables). At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. Sorting (分类) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting. Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive, so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted. Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective.67. The purpose in writing this text is _. A. to encourage people to recycle their rubbish B. to introduce a recycling system for high rises C. to describe the use of computer technology in recycling D. to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises68. When he says “You wont be for long ”the writer means that _. A. youll soon be living in a cleaner building B. rubbish chutes will become out of date before long C. you wont wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish D. it wont be long before youll have to recycle your rubbish69. Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to _. A. Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to _. B. check if the container is full C. press the correct button D. break up the rubbish70. The biggest advantage of this new system