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英语国际音标表及发音规则[1]
英语国际音标表及发音规则[1]
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英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音
/ɑ:/
/ɔ:/
/ ɜ:/
/i:/
/U:/
短元音
/ ʌ/
/ɒ/
/ə/
/ɪ/
/ʊ/
/e/
/æ/
/eɪ/
/aɪ/
/ɔɪ/
双元音
/ɪə/
/eə/
/ʊə/
/əʊ/
/aʊ/
辅音(28个)
轻辅音
/p/
/ t/
/ k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
轻辅音
/ʃ/
/ h/
/ts/
/tʃ/
/tr/
浊辅音
/ʒ/
/ r/
/dz/
/dʒ/
/dr/
鼻音
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
半元音
/ j/
/ w/
边音
/ ǀ/
20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g]
[N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A]
[F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu]
[au][ts][dz]
48个国际音标表
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]
短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]
3个鼻音
[m][n][N]
3个似拼音
[h][r][l]
2个半元音
[w][j]
英语单词发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [_:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在—nd —ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
四、—r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
arar在[w]音后面 [_:] car farm dark sharpener
[C:] warm quarter towards
oror在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short
[E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry
—r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
are [錏] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [C:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [錏] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all
[C:l] always also salt almost
[_:] half calm
au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[錏] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
—sion —tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
—ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[_:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词
b bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
—dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr— [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc— [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF] watch
th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾—the —ther中 [鑍 thin thirty method
[T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr— [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] Answer two
wh—wh—在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y— [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 0-01
2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh—ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如:长元音 pa—per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo—tor far-ther
短元音 sev—en stud-y moth—er ver—y mod-le weath-er 0—02
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 0—03
4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se—cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex—cuse。 0-04
5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup 0—05
6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节.
例如:丩stu—dent 碈hi—na 磗ec-ond 碼u-tumn in-磀eed
含有a— be- de- re— in— ex— 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:
a丩bout be磃ore ex碿use re磒air for—磄et-ful in—磛en—tor 0-06
7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:丩el-e—phant con-grat—u-磍a—tion
词尾有-ic或—tion,—sion的词,在—ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如:scien丩tific im磒ression 磏ation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 1—01
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 1—03
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1—05
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06
o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe home no 1—07
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 1-11
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a [] China another woman breakfast 2-01
[i] orange comrade village cabbage 2—02
e [] hundred student open moment 2—03
[i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04
i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05
[ai] exercise satellite 2-06
o [] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07
[u] also zero photo 2—08
u [] autumn difficult 2—09
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 2—12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a在[w]音后面
[]
want what watch wash quality
3—01
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[_:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
3—02
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
3-03
o在-st -ld前
[ou]
most postcard old cold
3-04
o在m n v th前
[]
come monkey love mother
3-05
四、—r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ar
ar在[w]音后面 [_:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01
[:] warm quarter towards 4—02
or
or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short 4-03
[:] word worker worse 4—04
er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成—r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry
4—06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday
五、—re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
are [錧 care dare hare 5—01
ere [i] here mere 5—02
ire [ai] fire hire wire 5—03
ore [:] more score before 5—04
ure [ju] pure cure 5—05
完整的—re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary 5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按—re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.
例如:parent zero inspiring story during
5—07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:orange very American paragraph forest spirit 5—08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play 6-01
air [錧 air hair chair pair repair 6—02
al
al在f m前
[:] small ball talk wall all 6—03
[:l] always also salt almost 6—04
[_:] half calm 6—05
au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6—06
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6—07
[e] heavy bread sweater weather 6—08
[ei] break great 6-09
ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6—10
[錧 bear pear wear swear 6—11
[:] earth learn early 6-12
ee [i:] jeep week green three 6—13
eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6—15
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper 6-16
[u:] flew brew jewelry 6—17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize 6-18
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19
oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20
oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6—21
oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6—22
[u] book look cook foot good 6—23
ou/ow [au] flower house count down 6-24
[u] know row throw though 6-25
[] young country enough 6-26
[u:] group you soup through 6-27
our [:] course your four 6-28
[au] our hour ours 6-29
[:] journey 6-30
ui
ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6—31
[u:] juice fruit suit 6—32
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
b [b] bike bus bag 9—01
[/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02
c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9—03
[s] face decide cinema 9—04
ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05
[k] school headache chemistry 9-06
[] machine Chicago
9-07
—ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9—08
d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09
—dge [] bridge fridge 9—10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9—11
f [f] five four breakfast 9-12
g
g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13
[] orange large German 9-14
—gh
gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15
[] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9—16
gu— —gue [] guess league dialogue guitar 9—17
[w] language anguish penguin 9—18
h [h] hot head house hand 9-19
[/] hour honest honor 9-20
j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21
k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22
kn- [n] knife know knock 9—23
l [l] life milk school tall 9—24
m [m] monkey come tomato 9—25
-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26
n
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9—27
[?] uncle thank hungry 9—28
—ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9—30
ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31
—q/—que [k] Iraq cheque 9—32
qu— [kw] quality quite quarter 9—33
r [r] red rubber ruler 9—34
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35
[z] music husband 9-36
sc— [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37
[s] muscle science 9-38
sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40
[] patient nation 9-41
tch
[] watch catch match 9-42
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[鑍 thin thirty method 9-43
[餧 the these with than 9—44
[餧 clothe father weather 9-45
tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46
v [v] very voice love leave 9-47
w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48
[/] answer two 9-49
wh—
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9—50
[h] who whose whole 9-51
x
在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52
[gz] example exist exact 9-53
wr— [r] write wrong wrist 9—54
y— [j] yes yard yellow young 9—55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56英语26个字母发音法(26个字母及其音标)
A B C D E F G
[e] [bi] [si] [di] [i] [Gf] [dIi]
H I J K L M N
[etN] [a0] [dIe] [ke] [Gl] [Gm] [Gn]
O P Q R S T U
[o] [pi] [kju] [Ar] [Gs] [ti] [ju]
V W X Y Z
[vi] ['dKblju] [Gks] [wa0] [zi]
英语学习:48个国际音标表
用对称法排序
20个辅音
3个鼻音
2个半元音
3个似拼音
20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g]
[N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A]
[F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu]
[au][ts][dz]
48个国际音标表
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]
短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]
3个鼻音
[m][n][N]
3个似拼音
[h][r][l]
2个半元音
[w][j]
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