语法复习三---形容词与副词学生版.doc

六：形容词与副词
填空：
1. People are today, and they live than they did in the past.
2. But people don’t take as exercise as they used to.
3. people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes
4. We eat and we live
5. Mum, do you think that life is oday than in the past?
6. Some people think life in the past was and than today.
7. And they sometimes work .
8. Do people work as as they did fifty years ago?
9. I went on foot or by bike.
10. My daughter is really .
11. But some of the shows are too for me.
12. We are training than usual.
13. This year we want to do .
14. This year we are training .
15. We hope to play so that we have fans to watch the matches.
16. We are playing as a team now.
17. They cheer us on
18. It gets dark
19.It’s getting and
20 Its streets are much and too.
21. It’s a city than Hong Kong.
22. It’s than many other buildings in Shenzhen.
23. Some day it will become as as Hong Kong.
24. That’s than the population of many other cities in China.
25. Shenzhen is in population than Beijing.
形容词的用法
形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。如：tidy, rich, cheap, early 等。在句中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。
形容词的位置： 1、作定语，常置于被修饰词的前面 He is a good actor.
2. 作表语，置于连系动词后面
The baby is still asleep. Will you please make less noise? 宝宝还在睡觉，你小声点好吗？
3. 作宾语补足语，置于宾语后面
Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备了吗？
有关形容词的规律：alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表语形容词作定语需后置。
Who is the greatest man alive?谁是当今最伟大的人物？
The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.还在熟睡的婴儿可能马上就会醒来
英语单词中something, anything, nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代词后面。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。
Is there anything interesting in the film? 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？
There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。
away，long，wide，high，deep，old等词附有数量词语说明时需后置。
The road is about 50 metres wide.这条路大约50米宽。
The river is 30 metres deep.这条河30米深。
形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置。
He is a man full of energy.他是一个充满活力的人。
The music pleasant to listen to interests me.这动听的音乐使我感兴趣。
用and或or连接的两个意义相反的形容词作定语需后置。
She has a family, happy and rich.他有一个幸福美满的家庭。
A country, big or small, should be equal.国不论大小应该平等。
形容词作表语位于连系动词之后。
The weather here is very pleasant.这里的天气很宜人。
Your mother looks very well.你妈妈看起来很健康。
形容词作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。
The news made her mother very angry.这消息使她妈很生气。
I found the story very interesting.我觉得这个故事很有趣。
形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可房子句首、句中或句尾。
Tired and hungry, he returned home. 他又累又饿地回到家里。
He went home, full of fear. 他满心恐惧地回到家里。
多个形容词修饰名词的大体顺序是：
限定 描绘 大(小) 长 (短) 高 (低)
形状 年龄 新 (旧) 老 (少) 颜色 国籍 出处 材料 作用
类别等 +名词--------------下面顺口溜有助于你记忆：品大新形色国料
a big round black new wooden French table一张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子。
a famous German medical school一所德国著名的医学院
some green eating apples 一些绿色食用的苹果
a beautiful little young British policemen这些年轻高大的英国警察
a pretty purple silk dress
the boy’s little nice red toy
副词的用法：
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、 全句或名词词组及句子的词。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon, already，yet, here, there, up, down, above, below, inside, outside, where, very, much, so, too, quite, enough, easily, quietly, also, too, only等。在句中用作状语、表语、定语、宾补等成分。
---副词作用及规律：1、副词修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。
Our school is very beautiful.我们的学校非常美丽。
It was rather hot that day.
He studies much harder now. 他现在学习更努力了。
2、enough作为副词总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词后。
I don’t know him well enough. 我不够了解他。
The book is easy enough for kids. 这本书对孩子来说够容易了。
enough作为形容词时可位于名词前或者名词后。
We haven’t enough food for you.= We haven’t food enough for you.我们没有足够的事物分给你们。
3、频度副词、程度副词可放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实意动词之前。
He always goes to school on foot. 他总是步行上学。
She has never been to Beijing. 她从没有去过北京。
He can hardly say a word. 他几乎一言不发。
4、时间副词和地点副词一般位于句尾。如两种副词同时出现，则地点副词放在时间副词之前，也可将时间副词放在句首。
They stayed at home last night.昨晚他们在家。Last night (时间副词) they stayed at home (地点副词).
They’ll come back soon. 他们不久将会回来。
5、方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的动词后或在介词+宾语后。 He carefully does his work.他认真地做他的工作。
He does his work carefully. Please listen carefully. 请认真地听讲。
Please listen to me carefully. 请认真地听我讲。
6、副词作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词后
The people here are very friendly.这里的人都很友好。
They live on the floor below. 他们住在下一层楼。
7、副词作表语表示位置，位于系动词后。
The light is still on .电灯还在亮着。
Her office is just above. 他的办公室就在上面。
8、副词作宾语补足语位于宾语后。
I’m pleased to see you back.看到你回来我很高兴。
We saw her off two days ago.两天前我们为她送行。
形容词比较级与最高级构成： 一、规则变化：
构成
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词尾加-er, -est
tall
long
taller
longer
tallest
longest
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r,-st
fine
late
finer
later
finest
latest
重读闭音节词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加-er, -est
big
thin
bigger
thinner
biggest
thinnest
 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”再加-er, -est
easy
friendly
easier  
friendlier
easiest
friendliest
多音节和部分双音节，在原级前加more, most
interesting
more interesting
most interesting
不规则变化：
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
little
less
least
many/much
more
most
far
farther/further
farthest/ furthest
old
older/ elder
oldest/ eldest

1. 规则变化：
1) 单音节的词在词尾直接加-er/-est，例如： near → nearer/ nearest hard → harder/ hardest
2) 部分双音节和多音节的词在词前加more/most，例如：
carefully → more/ most carefully warmly → more/ most warmly
2. 常用不规则变化为：
原级
比较级
最高级
well
better
best
badly
worse
worst
much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/ further
farthest/ furthest

Ⅰ. 常用的比较级句型：
1. 比较级+than，表示“比……更……”Health is more important than wealth.健康比财富更重要。
He got up earlier than I did this morning.今天早上他起得比我早。
2. 比较级+ and + 比较级，表示“越来越……”The story gets more and more exciting.故事变得越来越激动人心。Our lives are getting better and better.我们的生活越来越好。
3. The + 比较级， the+比较级，表示“越……越……”
The more time you spend on it, the greater progress you will make.你在这上面花的时间越多，你的进步就会越大。 The more he talked, the more excited he grew. 他越说越激动。
II同级比较一般采用as… as…句型，否定句可以用not so/as…as…表示。例如：
He is as tall as his father.他和他父亲一样高。
She is as busy as before.她和过去一样忙。
I get up not so early as you.我不如你起得早。

III常用的最高级表达： 1. the + 最高级 + of/ in…
Jim is the tallest of the three.吉姆是三个人中最高的。
He is the most diligent student in his class.他是班上最勤奋的学生。
2. 选择疑问句
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill?汤姆、杰克和比尔，谁个子最高？
3. the + 最高级 + 定语从句
It is the most interesting book I have ever read. 这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。

比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或副词之前。常见的比较级修饰语有much, still, a lot, even, far等。例如： He worked much harder than then.那时他工作要努力得多。
常见的最高级修饰语有almost, by far, far, much等。例如：
This is by far the most expensive bag in the shop.这是目前这家商店里最贵的包。
练习题：
用词的适当形式填空：
1. People are _______ (wealthy) today, and they live _______ (long) than they did in the past.
2. But people don’t take ______ much exercise _______ they used to.
3. More people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes ________ (little).
4. We eat _______ (well) and we live _______ (long).
5. Mum, do you think that life is _______ (good) today than in the past?
6. Some people think life in the past was _______ (simple) and _______ (healthy) than today.
7. And they _________ work ______ (hard).
8. Do people work _______ hard _______ they did fifty years ago?
9. I went _________ on foot or sometimes by bike.
10. My daughter is _______ (real) lucky.
11. But some of the shows are too _______ (noise) for me.
12. David writes a 　　　　(week) letter to his parents.
13. 　　　　 (final), Peter achieved his dream of becoming a pilot.
14. Do you mind keeping the door 　　　　 (open), Jack?
15. The more I practice, the 　　　　 (well) I play the piano.
16. Henry’s 　　　　 sister is five years 　　　　 than him. (old)
17. Our parents often ask us to
be 　　　　(politely) to the old.
18. Mo Yan is one of 　　　　 (success) Chinese writers.
19. Although Mr. Green is nearly 80 years old, he’s still 　　　　(active).
20. We should get into the good habit of using our time 　　　　(wise).
21. Bob never does his homework as 　　　　(careful) as Mary. He always makes lots of mistakes.
22. This bus takes the __________ (long) time because it is the _____________ (slow).
23. The new train travels the ____________ (fast) of all the trains in the world.
24. The ____________ (cheap) way to get there is by coach.
25. — Which city has ____________ (large) population. Shanghai, Hong Kong or Qingdao?
— Shanghai, of course.
26. The clothes in this shop are the _________ (cheap) in the city.
27. He works _______________ (quick) in our office.
28. This bus takes the ______ (long) time because it is the ______(slow).
29. The new train travels the ______ (fast) of all the trains in the world.
30. The ________ (cheap) way to get there is by coach.
31. I am in a hurry. What is the ______ (fast) way to get there?
32. The fastest way to travel is by plane, but usually it is also the _____________ (expensive).
33. Which is __________________ (dangerous) way, by taxi, by train or by plane?
34. I think plane travel is _________ (fast) way.
35. My home is very comfortable, but I hope it will be __________________ (comfortable) in the future.
36. I think he speaks English ________ (well) in our class.
37. The ____________ (carefully) you drive a car, the __________ (safe) you will be.
38. We are training _________ (hard) than usual.
39. This year we want to do _______ (well).
40. This year we are training _____________ (careful).
41. We hope to play _______ (well) so that we have more fans to watch the matches.
42. We are playing _______ (well) as a team now.
43. They cheer us on ________ (loud).
44. It gets dark ________ (early).
45.We trained ______(hard) this year than last year.
46.The team played _______ (well) on Saturday than on Tuesday.
47. They practised _____________ (carefully) this week than last week.
48. Playing football is ____________ (exciting) than watching it.
49. Playing tennis is _____________ (expensive) than swimming.
50.They are working _____ (hard) to learn English.
51. This bike was ______ (cheap), so we decided to buy it.
52.The teacher speaks _______ (slow) and ________ (careful).
53. Mary is going to get up ______ (early) because she needs to catch the first bus.
54. Running is very ____ (easy). You can do it anywhere.
55. I do not like to be ____ (late).
56. I am afraid our team is doing very ______(bad).
57. I think English is ____________ (difficult) than Chinese.
58. Don’t speak English too fast. Please speak it ___________ (slow).
59. My brother always gets up _________ (early) than me every day. But I have breakfast ____________ (quick) than him.
60. Simon speaks French _______ (bad). But he can sing songs in French very _______ (good).
61. This term, Daming listens to the teacher _________ (careful) and studies much ________ (hard) than last term.
62. It’s getting ______(big) and ______ (busy).
63. Its streets are much ______ (wide) and ______ (clean) too.
64. It’s a _____ (new) city ____Hong Kong.
65. It’s _____(tall) ____ many other buildings in Shenzhen.
66. Some day it will become _____ _____ (busy) as Hong Kong.
67. That’s ______ (large)_____ the population of many other cities in China.
68. Shenzhen is _____ (large) in population _____ Beijing.
69 Her hair is ______ (long) than mine.
70 Who is ______ (short), Tom or Jack?
71 Lily is _______(quiet) than her sister.
72 Tina, please come to school a little _______ (early) next time.
73 It becomes ______ and _______(hot) when summer comes.
74. I wanted to choose a sport to keep fit. First I tried swimming. I joined the swimming club, but the lessons were (1) ______________ (expensive) than I thought. So I stopped swimming and tried running. The running club is (2) ____________ (popular) than the swimming club. We ran (3) ________ (slowly) in the park. Soon, I felt that running was (4) ________ (boring)! I decided to try something (5) ___________________ (exciting). I went walking in the mountains. Once we got lost in the mountains, and I hurt my leg (6) ________ (badly). It is a bit (7) __________________________ (dangerous) to walk in the mountains, but I like the sport all the time.
75．In my home town there are two cinemas, the Grand Cinema and the Palace Cinema. The Grand Cinema (1) _______ (old) and (2) _______ (small) than the Palace Cinema. It is also (3) ________ (warm) in the Grand Cinema. The Palace Cinema is usually (4) _______ (busy) than the Grand Cinema and the tickets are (5) ________ (cheap) too.
单项选择。
1. — You look _______ today.
— Yes. I stayed up late last night to watch a talk show.
A. easy B. warm C. tired D. smart
2. Fishing with Dad was so _______ for little Sam that he almost fell asleep.
A. excited B. exciting C. bored D. boring
3. — Is the child any better today?
— I think so. His temperature seems now.
A. high B. normal C. low D. special
4. My old neighbour Charles felt 　　　 after his children moved out.
A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily
5. The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around, _______ in winter. Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists. A. especially B. generally C. probably
6. She always does very well in the English exams. But she can _______ understand English radio programs.
A. always B. hardly C. already D. easily
7. We arrived at the station too early and had _______ to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
8. I met Lucy in the primary school and we have been close friends _______.
A. as usual B. again and again C. sooner or later D. ever since
9. This movie wasn’t _______. He fell asleep half way through it.
A. interesting enough B. enough interesting
C. interested enough D. enough interested
10. Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works _______ than her.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
11. — Many boy students think math is English. — I agree. I’m weak in English.
A. much difficult than B. so difficult as
C. less difficult than D. more difficult than
12. My grandpa told a good story, but I told a _______ one.
A. good B. better C. best D. worse
13. — What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei?
— Wonderful. I think it’s 　　　 than the other films about youth in recent years.
A. the best B. the worst C. much better D. much worse
14. Lanzhou is the only capital city that the Yellow River, the second _______ river in China, passes through. A. long B. longest C. longer