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(每日一练)(精选试题附答案)高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters重难点归纳
单选题
1、He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:他买了一幢新楼,它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句,先行词是building,_____top is different from those of the others around是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作top的定语,指楼的顶部,用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
2、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis, and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery ________your pet needs a facelift.
A.in caseB.even thoughC.as ifD.ever since
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:商店出售宠物裤和比基尼,如果你的宠物需要整容,医生会给它做整容手术。A. in case假如,如果;B. even though虽然,即使;C. as if犹如,好似;D. ever since从那时起。根据句意,“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件,应用in case引导条件状语从句。故选A项。
3、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
4、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
5、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
6、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
7、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
8、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
9、The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知, writer为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose。故选C项。
10、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building.
A.capturing; dominate; poweredB.capturing; convert; powered
C.captured; dominate; poweringD.captured; convert; powering
答案:D
考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:利用从太阳捕获的大量热量,电池板将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知,第一空作宾补,表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系,所以应填其过去分词形式captured;第二空填谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,convert...into...为固定搭配,表示“将......转换为......”,符合语境,dominate“统治,支配”,不合语境;第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语,表示“提供动力”,修饰名词energy,表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。故选D项。
11、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
12、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
13、The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A.which; whereB.when; when
C.which; whenD.when; that
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是year,指物,从句中的spent 缺少宾语,应用关系代词which/that引导;第二空引导表语从句,从句需要时间状语,应用when引导。综上,故选C。
小提示:
14、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
15、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
16、The only thing________can be done is to stop them from going there.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:唯一能做的就是阻止他们去那里。分析句子结构,________can be done是一个定语从句,修饰先行词The only thing,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,当先行词被the only修饰时,用that不用which,故选A。
17、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
18、Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A.depletingB.enrichingC.conservingD.supplying
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们采取措施,停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗; B. enriching丰富; C. conserving保存; D. supplying提供。根据句意可知,应是停止“消耗”自然资源,故选A。
19、For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A.suffering, reading, it hardB.suffering from, reading, it hard
C.suffering from, to read, hardD.suffering, to read, hard
答案:B
考查非谓语动词,代词it,形容词和短语。句意:对于许多老年人,尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说,视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读,而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知,“_____health issues”作定语,修饰those,suffer from“患……病”,suffer“遭受”,由health issue“健康问题”可知,用suffer from,与主语those是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语;“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法,作宾语用动名词reading,不定式一般置后;空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”,用形式宾语it,接形容词hard作宾语补足语,综上,故选B。
20、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
21、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
22、The villagers, ________had been washed away by the flood, received the government's aid.
A.all their propertiesB.all of their properties
C.all whose propertiesD.all of whose properties
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词whose。不定代词all修饰名词时需要使用介词of,意为“所有的……”。故选D。
23、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A.privilegeB.libertyC.insightD.emergency
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解,所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权;B. liberty自由;C. insight洞察力,见解;D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知,此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
24、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.itsB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purposes的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
25、This is the best hotel in the city ________ I know.
A.itB.whereC.thatD.which
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:这是我所知道的这个城市最好的旅馆。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是hotel,指物,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句,又因先行词被最高级best修饰,所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选C。
26、We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A. who谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语); B. whom谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语); C. whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D. that那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词whose作先行词teachers的定语。故选C项。
27、The girl ______ injured in the accident came back safe and sound.
A.who we supposedB.whom we supposed she was
C.who we supposed wasD.whom we suppose
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我们认为在事故中受伤的那个女孩安全归来了。分析句子结构可知,本句为定语从句,we supposed为插入语,句中先行词为The girl,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导,且与injure之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
28、【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A.whichB.who
C.asD.that
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
29、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
30、I have bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dress被the same修饰,且在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词as引导。故选A。
小提示:
完成句子
31、一句多译
没有必要担心,我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
1 .There is no need to worry. We can ________.
2 .There is no need to worry. We can________.
答案: supply you with whatever you need supply whatever you need to you
考查动词,宾语从句。表示“给……提供……”,可使用动词固定搭配supply sth. to sb.或supply sb. with sth.。表示“任何你需要的东西”使用whatever引导宾语从句 whatever you need。故填①supply you with whatever you needs;②upply whatever you need to you.
32、随时都有急诊服务,并提供医疗咨询。
The emergency services were ____________ with medical advice.
答案:on hand
考查固定短语。根据句意可知此处需要表达“随时,在手边”,是固定短语on hand。故填on hand。
33、在紧急情况下,我们应该保持镇静,这点至关重要。
We should ______________ in case of emergency, which matters much.
答案:calm ourselves down
考查固定短语。固定短语:calm down 冷静下来;根据汉语提示,本句主语为we,宾语也是说我们,所以宾语用ourselves,据此可知,空白处填calm ourselves down,故填calm ourselves down。
34、这位老妇人在儿子去世后遭受了巨大的痛苦。
The old lady________ ________ ________after her son died.
答案: suffered great pain
考查时态、形容词和名词。结合从句谓语died可知,本句时态用一般过去时,表示“遭受”可用动词suffer,且用动词的过去式形式suffered;表示“巨大的”可用形容词great作定语;表示“痛苦”可用名词pain作宾语。故答案为①suffered②great③pain。
35、每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。(一句多译)
(1)Staying up late every day is certain to ___________.(affect)
(2)Staying up late every day is certain to ____________.(effect)
答案: affect your health greatly have a great effect on your health
1 .考查非谓语动词,名词和副词。根据中英文提示可知,缺少“对你的健康造成很大的影响”,be certain to do sth.“一定会”是固定短语,to是不定式符号,接动词原形,affect“影响”是动词,your health“你的健康”,greatly “极大地;非常”,修饰动词作状语,故填affect your health greatly。
2 .考查动词短语和名词。根据中英文提示可知,缺少“对你的健康造成很多的影响”,be certain to do sth.“一定会”是固定短语,to是不定式符号,接动词原形,have a great effect on“对……有极大影响”是固定短语,形容词great修饰名词effect作定语,your health “你的健康”作介词宾语,故填have a great effect on your health。
36、狗把骨头埋在花园里。
The dog had __________________ in the garden.
答案:buried its bone
考查时态。根据汉语提示可知,“埋在”译为“bury”在句子中作谓语动词。跟句子主语the dog是主动关系,与空格前的had构成过去完成时,所以谓语结构为had buried。“骨头”译为“bone”,又根据句意可知,此处指“它的骨头”,故在bone前加上形容词性物主代词its。故填buried its bone。
37、我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很多噪声。
I live next door to a couple ________.
答案:whose children often make a lot of noise
考查定语从句和时态。此处为whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词 a couple 在从句中作定语;从句主语为复数名词children,表示“经常弄出很多噪音”应用often make a lot of noise。为一般现在时。故填whose children often make a lot of noise。
38、去年他饱受饥寒交迫之苦。
He________ ________ ________ ________ ________cold and hunger last year.
答案: suffered a great deal from
考查短语。表示“受……之苦”短语为suffer from;“饱受”表示程度,用a great deal修饰。根据last year可知,此事是去年发生,用一般过去时。故填suffered a great deal from。
39、在一位路人的帮助下,她设法走到了警察局求助。
______________a passerby, she managed to walk to the police station for help. (aid n.)
答案:With the aid of
考查with独立主格结构。分析句子成分可知,“在一位路人的帮助下”作方式状语,应采用with的复合结构。“帮助”译为:aid。故填With the aid of。
40、The heavy rain completely __________________.
大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
答案:ruined our holiday
考查时态。“毁坏”应用ruin,“我们的假期”应用our holiday,作ruin的宾语。结合句意表示发生在过去的事情,要使用一般过去时,故填ruined our holiday。
语法填空
41、He is regarded as a superhero _______ everyone should learn from. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who##whom##that
考查定语从句。句意:他被认为是每个人都应该学习的超级英雄。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词superhero,引导词在从句中作宾语,指代人。故填who/whom/that。
42、In such dry weather, the flowers will be watered if they are____________(survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to survive
考查非谓语动词。句意:在如此干燥的天气里,花要想存活就得浇水。分析句子结构可知,空格处在if引导的条件状语从句中作表语,故动词survive“幸存,活下来”要用非谓语动词的形式。结合句意,此处表示“将要存活下来”,故用不定式形式表将来。故填to survive。
43、When you recite, you read aloud a poem or piece of literature ________ you have learned. (用适当的词填空)
答案:which##that
考查定语从句。句意:当你背诵时,你大声朗读你所学的一首诗或一篇文学作品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是a poem or piece of literature,指物,在从句中作learn的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
44、Our government has taken ________ (effect) measures to ban drunken driving. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:effective
考查形容词。句意:我国政府已采取有效措施禁止酒后驾驶。空后的measures是名词形式,所以设空处应填形容词作定语修饰measures。根据句意,故填effective。
45、It is hard to imagine the pain and _______________(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:sufferings
考查名词。句意:很难想象这些可怜的人在冬天经历的痛苦和苦难。作宾语,表示“苦难”应用复数名词sufferings。故填sufferings。
46、The boy and the dog ________ are in the picture are very lovely. (按要求补全句子)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:照片里的男孩和狗都很可爱。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The boy and the dog,先行词在从句中作主语,且既有人又有物,只能用that引导。故填that。
47、On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates _________ make them appear happy and friendly. (用适当的词填空)
答案:which##that
考查定语从句。句意:在社交媒体网站上,人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐友好的积极消息。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是positive updates,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用which或that引导。故填which/that。
48、What differed from the previous case was that the suspect________(destroy)the database and the corresponding data. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had destroyed
考查过去完成时。句意:与前一案件不同的是,嫌疑犯已经销毁了数据库和相应的数据。分析句子可知,空处为表语从句的谓语,结合句意可知,destory的动作在主句动作was之前已经完成了,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时,the suspect与destory之间为主动关系,所以应用过去完成时的主动语态。故填had destoryed。
49、Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which
考查定语从句。句意:两位作者也在2014年发表的一项研究显示,每天仅跑步5到10分钟就可以降低各种原因导致心脏病和早期死亡的风险。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为a study,指物,且定语从句缺少主语。故填关系代词that/ which。
50、People ________ oppose cloning also reject the use of animals as research tools. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##who
考查定语从句。句意:反对克隆的人也拒绝使用动物作为研究工具。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是people,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that或who。
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