自主学习卡8Bunit2语法.doc

自主学习卡
8B Unit 2 Grammar 陈敏
一 重点单词和词组
1，Have been to +地点, Have gone to +地点, Have been in
1.have been to来过，去过，到过某地，（人已经回来了）
l 显著标志：ever ,never ,twice ,three times ,before.
2.have gone to去或到某地了（人还没有回来）
l 显著标志：类似以下的句子时，要用have gone to
He will come back next week
He isn’t here/there/at home
l 注意一般用 have gone to 的大都是第三人称
3.注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to 这四个地点副词是
here ,there , home ,abroad

用 have been to----have gone to填空
1) Where’s Jim?---- he has _____to Guiling.
2) She has_____ to the park, she will be back in two hours.
3) I have _____to the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos on it .
4) Tom has_____ to Jim’s home, but he hasn’t come back.
5) They have_____ to the forest alone and returned safely.
6) The Whites have_____ to the U.S.A,They won’t come back.
7) We have____ to the bookshop and bought many books.
8) She has _____to her homeland; she is coming to my home next week.
9) I have______ to Hong Kong twice.
10) We have_____to the Mount Tai, we all enjoyed ourselves.
11) I have never ______to the beach in Sonya.
12) He missed his mother very much, so he has already_____to his home.
2，for +一段时间
since +句子
since +一段时间+ ago
since +时间点
例如 he has been dead for three years
he has been dead since three years ago
He has studied English since 2003
He has studied English since he was ten years old
二 重要句型
1，他们去过南山
2，桑迪从没去过北京
3，她不在家，她去了书店。
4，我有几天没看到吴老师了。
5，自从2002年我就一直待在这里

瞬间动词的用法特征
1.瞬间动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？
2.瞬间动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为瞬间动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？
(1)将句中瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：
1 come/arrive-----be here
2 go/leave-------be away (from)
3 come back------ be back
4 open-----be open
5 close-----be closed
6 begin------be on
7 finish------be over
8 become------be
9 die------be dead
10 join-----be /be in
11 get up----be up
12 marry------be married
13 lose------ be lost
14 fall asleep-----be asleep
15 put on ------be in /were
16 borrow-----keep
17 buy-----have
18 catch a cold------have a cold