过去分词作定语.doc

过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:
1、 前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、 后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
诊断题
1. The players__________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected
2. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ____________ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
3. I’m calling to enquire about the position ___________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
4. We received an invitation to the party___________ in our club last Friday.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
过去分词作定语用法小结：
1. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示该动作已经完成。
boiled water 烧开过的水 （ 白开水）
fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子
2. 及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系，而且表示已完成。
“Things lost never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
我不禁自言自语道：“覆水难收啊！”（被动，完成，表状态）
3. 过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：
Is this the book recommended by our teacher?
The meeting held last week is very important.
He is a man loved by all.
I hate to see letters written in pencil.

反馈题
1. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to him a rule never______________.
A. broken B. being broken C. to be broken D. having broken
2. So far nobody has claimed the money ______________ in the library.
A. having discovered B. to be discovered C. being discovered D. discovered
3. Of the 2,000 stock investors ____________last month, 90% was found ___________ in financial knowledge.
A. surveyed; lacking B. having been surveyed; lacking
C. surveyed; lacked D. to have been surveyed; lacked
4. An explosion blew the roof off an unstable reactor north of Tokyo, ________ fears of a disaster at a nuclear plant ___________ in the massive earthquake that hit Japan.
A. to raise; to be damaged B. raising; damaging
C. raising; damaged D. raised; being damaged
Keys : 1----4 CCAB
1----4 ADAC
诊断性测试解析：
1. 被修饰词the players 与 select 之间是被动关系，因此应用过去分词selected作定语。
2. 被修饰词the maps 与 borrow 之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词borrowed作定语。
3. 被修饰词the position 与 advertise之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词advertised作定语。
4. 被修饰词the party 与 hold 之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词held作定语。
反馈题解析：
1. 被修饰词a rule 与 break 之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词broken作定语。
2. 被修饰词the money 与 discover 之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词discovered作定语。
3. 第一空被修饰词investors 与 survey 之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词surveyed作定语；第二空lacking 为形容词作主语补足语。
4. 第一空用动词-ing表示顺其自然的结果；第二空被修饰词plant与damage之间是被动关系，而且表示已完成，因此应用过去分词damaged作定语。