高二上学期期末复习.doc

必修 5
Unit 1 Getting along with others
【诵读·积累】
(2010·江西高考)英语中“please” “thank you” “sorry”等礼貌用语具有增进友谊、改善关系、化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被称为“magic words”。请以“Magic Power of Polite Words”为题写一篇100个词左右的英语作文。体裁不限(叙述文、议论文、说明文……)。
Magic Power of Polite Words
More and more people are attaching great importance to relationship in career success. Being polite is the first and most important step to develop good relationship among friends. Polite words can be easy but very powerful in your daily life.
Always say please and thank you, which will make your friends feel more comfortable and more willing to offer help when necessary. Always show your gratitude to other people’s kindness through the words you speak. The more support you win from other people, the faster you will move towards your goal.
Although the importance of being polite may be easily ignored, we should form good habits and behave in good manners. First, learn to be friendly to your parents at home. Then at school, listen respectfully when your teachers instruct you. Follow and accept their advice to improve yourselves. Express your gratitude in time and you will make further progress. Remember, being polite costs nothing but it’s worth millions of dollars.
【尝试运用】
词汇翻译 认为……有重要性attach importance to
建立良好的关系 develop a good relationship
接受某人的建议 accept/adopt one’s advice
表达某人的感激 express one’s gratitude
一句多译
越来越多的人重视人际关系在事业成功方面的重要性。
①A good relationship is considered more important in career success.
②The importance of a relationship in career success is highly stressed.
你得到他人的相助越多，你就成功得越快。
③The more support you win from others, the sooner you will achieve your goal.
④Win more support from others and you will achieve your goal sooner.

重点盘点：
Ⅰ. 单词盘点
核心速记
1. betray (vt. ) 出卖，背叛
2. pretend (vi. & vt. ) 假装；装扮，扮作
3. swear (vt. &vi. ) 发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话
4. focus (vi. &vt. ) 集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦； (n. )焦点; 重点
5. remark (n. & vi. ) 评论，谈论
6. awkward (adj. ) 人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的
7. quarrel (n. &vi. ) 争吵，争执
8. sensitive (adj. ) 易生气的；敏感的；体贴的
9. blame (vt. ) 责备， 指责 (n. ) (坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责
10. identity (n. ) 身份
11. absurd (adj. ) 荒唐的，怪诞的
12. overcome (vt. ) 克服，解决
13. acquaintance (n. ) 泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识
14. attitude (n. ) 态度，看法
15. committed(adj. ) 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
联想串记
16. cheerful (adj. ) 愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的→cheer (n. )欢呼，愉快 (v. ) (使)高兴；(为)加油
17. admit (vt. & vi. )承认；允许进入，接纳→_ admission (n. )承认；录取，允许进入
18. forgive (vt. ) 原谅，宽恕→forgiveness (n. )原谅，宽恕
19. manner (n. ) 方式；态度，举止→manners (n. ) 礼貌
20. guilty (adj. ) 内疚的；有罪的→guilt (n. ) 过失；内疚
21. argue (vi. ) 争吵，争论→argument (n. ) 论证，论据；争吵
22. apologize (vi. ) 道歉→apology (n. )道歉
23. amusement (n. ) 娱乐，消遣→amuse (vt. ) 娱乐，消遣，使发笑；使愉快
24. cautious (adj. ) 小心的，谨慎的→cautiously (adv. ) 小心地，谨慎地→caution (n. ) 小心，谨慎；警告
25. respond (vi. ) 做出反应，回应→response (n. ) 响应；反应；回答
26. security (n. ) 平安，安全；安全措施→secure (adj. ) 安全的；有把握的，稳当的
27. mercy (n. ) 宽恕；仁慈→merciful (adj. ) 仁慈的，宽容的

Ⅱ. 短语
1. 假装做某事 pretend to do sth
2. 想要做某事 feel like doing sth
3. 信守诺言，守信用 keep one’s word
4. 暗中监视，窥探 spy on
5. 决心做某事 be determined to do sth.
6. (与……)步调一致，(与……)同步 keep pace with
7. 以这种方式 in this manner
8. 评论，发表议论 make a remark
9. 向某人道歉 apologize to sb.
10. 情不自禁地做某事 can’t help doing sth.
11. 不能忍受做某事 cannot stand doing sth.
12. 不停地做某事 keep on doing sth.
13. 事先 in advance
14. 预先静静地，默默地，无声地 in silence
15. (用电话)接通；通过；完成(任务，工作) get through
16. 以……为基础 be based on
17. 对……谨慎/小心的 be cautious about
18. 不管，不顾 regardless of
19. 最后成为；最终处于 end up
20. 依靠，依赖；信任 rely on
21. 总之，最后 in conclusion

Ⅲ. 句型透视
1. “must have done”表示肯定的推测
I ______________(一定是听起来) very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
2. so. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句
I _______________(如此难过以至于) I felt like crying.
3. 否定转移用法 ________________(我认为我不能)ever truly forgive her.
4. “so/neither/nor +助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面的情况也适用于后者
Football is very important to me, but _________________(我们的友谊也很重要).
5. 状语从句的省略
___________(当被问到时), they usually hesitate before responding, ‘My best friend? . . . ’
6. 含有if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气
However, _________________________(如果我终止了我们的友谊), we would have both learnt nothing.
(KEYS: 1. must have sounded; 2. was so upset that; 3. I don’t think I can; 4. so is our friendship
5. When asked 6. if I had ended our friendship)

即时练习：
1. 选用框中词汇完成句子
pretend, identity, forgive, keep pace with, end up
(1)The boy, who had broken the window with a stone, stood in front of the old lady, _______ that he was innocent.
(2)The police are trying to confirm the _______ of the dead in the air crash.
(3)As a newcomer, he had great difficulty ________________the other team players.
(4)Hopefully Jane will understand and _______ you, if she really loves you.
(5)If you don’t know what you want, you might ______ getting something you don’t want.
(KEYS：pretending identity keeping pace with forgive end up)
2. 选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子
(1)你昨天肯定是误解了你的父亲。
(2)他觉得生活如此艰难以至于他想要放弃自己的梦想。
(3)生活是一个过程，我们为平衡生活所做的努力也是一个过程。
(4)这座中心图书馆在完成后将在10月份对公众开放。
(5)如果你早点住院治疗的话，你就不会受那么多苦了。
(KEY: You must have misunderstood your father yesterday.
He felt life so hard that he felt like giving up his dream.
Life is a process and so is our effort to balance our life.
When completed, the central library is going to be open to the public in October.
If you had been in hospital for treatment earlier, you wouldn’t have suffered so much.)

语言点总结
1. pretend vi. & vt. 假装; 装扮，扮作
pretend to do/to be doing/to have done sth. 假装要做/正在做/做过某事
pretend that. . . 假装……
①The boy pretended not to notice the money on the floor. 男孩假装没有注意到地板上的钱。
②She pretended to be reading something while she was doing nothing at all.
她假装在读什么东西，然而她什么也没有做。
③The father pretended that he had learnt about the truth. (句型转换) 父亲假装已经了解了真相。
=The father _________ __ _____ ______ _____ the truth. (pretended to have learnt about)

2. admit vt. &vi. 承认；允许进入，接纳； 供认
admit (doing) sth. 承认(做过)某事
admit (to sb. ) that-clause (向某人)承认……
admit sb. to/into. . . 接收，允许某人进入(某一组织，机构)
①None of them is willing to admit their foolishness. 他们中没有一个人愿意承认他们的愚蠢。
②She is said to have been admitted to the Beijing University. 据说她已经被北京大学录取了。
③She was admitted to the hospital with a soaring temperature. 她因高烧被接收入院。
④我不得不承认我已经从他身上学到了太多的东西。(一句多译)
I have to ______ ____ I have learnt too much from him.
=I have to ______ ______ ______ too much from him. (admit that /admit having learnt)
【想一想】admit常常接动词的-ing形式作宾语，你还知道哪些单词有类似的用法？
常接v. -ing形式作宾语的动词包括：imagine, consider, delay, mind, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep等。

3. forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕
①Have you forgiven him his rudeness? 你原谅他的粗鲁了吗？
②I can’t forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died.
母亲临终前我未去看她，为这事我不能原谅自己。
【归纳】forgive sb. /sb. sth. 原谅某人/某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

4. focus vi. & vt. 集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦
n. 焦点；重点
①We should focus on what we are doing in class at present.
我们应该集中注意力于我们目前课堂上所在做的事情。
②With so many people focusing their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
有那么多人在盯着自己，他感到很紧张。
③Whatever he says, he will be the focus of attention. 不管他说什么，都会成为关注的焦点。
【归纳】 focus on/upon 集中于，以……为重点，把注意力集中于
focus one’s eyes/attention/mind on sth. 把某人的视线/注意力/思想集中于某事/物
the focus of attention 关注的焦点

5. manner n. 方式，方法； 态度，举止 n. [pl. ] 礼貌； 规矩； 风俗
in a. . . manner 以……方式
in a manner 在某种意义上；在某种程度上
in this manner 以这种方式，如此
①It is acceptable to manage all the possible conflicts in a friendly manner.
以友好的方式处理所有可能的冲突是可以接受的。
②Constant advertisements about the products have promoted the sales of them in a manner.
有关这些产品的连续不断的广告从某种意义上来说促进了其销售。
③You should educate your kids to mind their manner. (改错)
答案：manner→manners。manner表示“礼貌，规矩，习俗”时为复数用法，故要用manners。

6. remark n. & vi. 评论，谈； vt. 注意到；觉察到
①Unfortunately, none of them made a remark on/about the recent sighting of the rare animal.
不幸的是，他们中没有人对最近看到这一稀有动物的事作出评论。
②They are willing to remark on/upon the cause of the car accident.
他们愿意就这次车辆事故发表一下评论。
【归纳】 make a remark on/about 对……作出评论
remark on/upon 评论，议论，谈论

7. argue vi. 争吵，争论
①The children are arguing with their parents about/over where to spend their holiday.
孩子们正在与父母争论到哪里度假的问题。
②Do you argue for or against the economic reform? 你是赞成还是反对经济改革？
③We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice, but in vain.
我们想尽各种办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。
④Some experts argue that more strict measures should be taken to make the road safer.
一些专家认为要采取更严格的措施来使道路更安全。
【归纳】 argue that-clause 主张/认为……
argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事

8. apologize vi. 道歉
①You have to apologize to your friend for your being rude to him. 你要为你的粗鲁而向朋友道歉。
②Why didn’t you make an apology to him for not keeping your word?
你为什么不因为没有信守诺言而向他道歉呢？
③He offered us an apology for keeping us waiting so long.
让我们等了这么长时间，他向我们道歉。
④You owe him an apology for what you said. 你应为你所说的话向他道歉。
【归纳】
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉
accept/refuse one’s apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
make an apology to sb./ offer sb. an apology 向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
9. blame vt. 责备，指责； 把……归咎于
n. (坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责
be to blame for sth. 应为某事承担责任, 该为某
事受责备
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
①Which driver __ __ ______ ___ the traffic accident? 哪个司机应对这起交通事故承担责任？
②You have no reason to blame him for leaving without saying goodbye. 你没有理由责备他不辞而别。
③How can you blame the fire on such an innocent old lady? 你怎么能把火灾归咎于一个无辜的老太太呢？
【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
blame
指对做错事的人、不良行为等的责备，常译为“责备，责怪，归咎于”；be to blame for sth. 表示“某人因为某事该受到责备”，要用主动形式表示被动意义
scold
表示因为愤怒而大声地责备，多指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈、雇主对雇员以粗暴或激烈的言辞对对方进行数落。常用结构：scold sb. for (doing) sth.
④I was late for class again and was afraid that the teacher would _____ me for it. However, the teacher seemed to be considerate. He just smiled at me and said that it was the bad traffic that was to ______ for my being late.
（scold blame）

10. acquaintance n. 泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识，熟悉
①Do you have any acquaintance with the pop music named Gangnam Style?
你对名叫《江南Style》的流行音乐有所了解吗？
②Even on first acquaintance it was clear that he was not the right type.
甚至初次见面就看出他显然不是“对路子的人”。
③We are expecting to make the acquaintance of the famous writer—Mo Yan.
我们期待着结识这位著名的作家——莫言。
【归纳】have acquaintance with 认识, 了解, 熟悉
on first acquaintance 初次相见
nodding acquaintance 点头之交；泛泛之交
make one’s acquaintance/ make the acquaintance of sb. 和某人相识，认识某人

11. respond vi. 做出反应，回应
(1)respond to 对……做出反应；答复
(2)response n. 反应，响应，回复
make a response 作出响应，作出回复
in response to 对……做出反应
①More than 5, 000 people responded to the advertisement. 超过5，000人对这个广告做出了回应。
②(2012·北京高考)Their responses to risk turn out to be different. 他们对冒险的回应结果是不同的。
③So far they haven’t made a response to the result of the accident.
到目前他们还没有对事故的结果做出回应。
④The company is developing a new product __ ________ __ customers’ demand. (in response to)
这家公司正在开发一种新产品来应对顾客的要求。

12. keep pace with (与……)步调一致，(与……)同步
①To keep pace with the fast changing world, we have to get our knowledge and skills updated.
为了与正在迅速变化的世界保持同步，我们要更新我们的知识和技能。
②(2011·北京高考)I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the ability to keep pace with the others on the team. 我没有好的平衡感，也没有与队里其他人保持步调一致的能力。
【拓展】keep away from 远离，使避开
keep back 忍住(眼泪)，扣下，隐瞒
keep on 继续，穿着不脱
keep off 让开，不接近
keep up 保持(不低落)，继续
keep up with 跟上，不落在后面

13. get through (用电话)接通；通过(考试，议案等)；完成；到达
①The tunnel is wide enough for three boats to get through at the same time. ( 通过)
②Can my message get through to your inbox? ( 到达)
③I have tried several times, but I failed to get through to the manager. ( 接通电话 )
④The three of us will leave as soon as we get through the work. ( 完成)
【拓展】get across 使被理解，解释清楚
get about/around 走动；传播开来
get away from 避免，摆脱；逃离
get away with 侥幸成功，逃脱惩罚
get down to 开始认真做……
get over 克服; 从(疾病、震惊中)恢复过来
get on/along with 与……相处；在……方面进展

14. end up 最后成为；最终处于
end up + adj. /v. -ing 最后，最终……
end up as sth. /sb. 最终成为或变为……
end up with 以……结束(后接表示具体事物的名词)
end up in 以……结束
①If he goes on driving like that, he’ll end up dead. 如果他继续照那样开车, 早晚得死于非命。
②You could end up running this company if you play your cards right.
你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。
③If you continue to steal you’ll ____ ___ __ ______. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。(end up in prison)

15. rely on 依靠，依赖； 信任
①Whatever you want to get, you have to rely on your own efforts.
不管你想要得到什么东西，你都要依靠自己的努力。
②You can never rely on a disabled woman to do all the housework for you.
你不能指望一个残疾的妇女替你做所有的家务。
③You may rely on it that he will come to your wedding as promised.
你可以相信他会按承诺的那样来参加你的婚礼。
【归纳】 rely on sb. /sth. 依靠某人/某物
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/信任某人做某事
rely on it that . . .相信……
【想一想】在rely on it that. . . 结构中，it为形式宾语，代替后面that引导的真正的宾语从句。在英语中还有哪些动词和动词短语习惯上不直接加宾语从句而用it作形式宾语？
【参考答案】 it代替从句作形式宾语时的几种特殊结构：
(1)动词＋it＋when/if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。
We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. 要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。
(2)动词 it 介词短语 that从句。常见于bring it to one’s attention; owe it to sb. ; take it