unit7知识点总结(打印版).doc

新版新目标八年级下unit7What’s the highest mountain in the world.(谈论地理和自然，复习形容词和副词的比较等级、)知识点总结 望理教学资源尽情分享-------书山有路乐为径，学海无涯趣作舟
形容词和副词的比较等级复习
一、形容词和副词的原级就是原形.
1. very / so / too / quite +原级（副词修饰形容词，副词）
She is very beautiful. He works quite hard.
2.A+be +as +原级 +as+ B.
3.A+be not+as/so+原级 +as+B.
Lucy is _________Lily. lucy和lily一样高。
Tom isn’t _______________Jim. Lucy没有lily高。
二. 形容词和副词的比较级
（一）主要用于两者比较。表示较……或更……一些的意思。
常用far, even，much，a lot, a bit, a little等修饰。
（三）形容词和副词的比较级的用法：
1.主语+谓语动词+adj./adv. +比较级+ than+ 对比成分
即：A +（be;实义动词）+比较级+than +B
2.比较级+and+比较级 或 more and more+原级
3. the +比较级，the+比较级
4.比较级+than any (other)+单数名词
表示同一事物在某一范围内进行比较
5. the + 比较级+ of the two…是两者中更…的一
6. Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B ?
比较A、B两事物, 问其中“哪一个较……”
1. His computer is cheaper than I. （×）
2. Mary is very younger than her brother. （×）
3. Shanghai is bigger than any city in China. （×）
4. Tom is taller of the two brothers. （×）
[烦恼一] 同类事物才能比较
[烦恼二] 错用修饰语。修饰比较级只能用much / even / far / a little.不能用very / so / too / quite来修饰。
[烦恼三] 同一事物不能比较。同一事物在某一范围内进行比较，常用结构比较级+than any (other)+单数名词
[烦恼四] 表示“…是两者中更…的一个”时, 用
“the + 比较级+ of the two”结构。the 不可缺。
使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点：
1) than后面接代词时, 一般要用主格形式， 但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。 如：My brother is taller than I / me.
2) 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。如：He is much more serious than Sam.
3) 上下文明确的情况下,形容词比较级可单独，使用不用连词than 。如：
My sister is tall, but my aunt is taller.
4) .“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……” 。多音节比较级用“more and more＋形容词原级”如：It’s getting worse and worse.
The group became more and more popular.
5). “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？”比较A、B两事物, 问其中哪一个较……时用此句型。如：
Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?
Who is more active, Mary or Kate?
Which one is more popular among students, going to concerts or going to movies?
三．形容词和副词的最高级
一）主要用于三者或三者以上进 行比较表示：某人或某物在某范围内最……的意思。
（二）结构：
1. 主语+be/行为动词+the 最高级+in(of/among)…
1) in表示环境范围，of /among 表示对象范围
2) 形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不加the
3) 副词最高级前the也可以省掉。
1）He is the tallest in his class.
2) He is the tallest of (all)the /the three boys
3) He studies the hardest among them /of all the students.
2. Which / Who is + the 最高级，A, B or C…？
比较A、B、C三事物, 问其中哪一个最……
1) Who is the tallest, Lucy，Mary or Kate?
2) Which one is the most popular among students, going to concerts ， going to movies or playing computer games?
3. one of +the +最高级+名词复数
4. the +序数词+最高级+名词
5.“比较级+than any other+单数名词”结构表示最高级概念
6.最高级前的修饰语也可以是first, second, third……
Huanghe is the second longest river in China.
注意以下表达式的含义：the same…as(和……一样)， had better(最好)，less than(不到)，more or less(或多或少)，rather than(而不是)，the more…the more/less(越……就越……) sooner or later(迟早)
最后：一定要判断来用形容词的比较等级，还是副词的比较等级。副词主要用来修饰行为动词的，经常跟在行为动词之后修饰。而形容词主要在系动词之后，名词之前修饰。（难点）
Tom does his homework more carefully than Lily.
Tom is more careful than Lily.
重点短语
1. the highest mountain in the world (Qomolangma)世界上最高的山
2. the biggest desert in the world (the Sahara)世界上最大的沙漠
3. the longest river in the world (the Nile)世界上最长的河
4. the deepest of all the salt lakes (the Caspian Sea)所有咸水湖中最深的
5. the biggest population in the world世界上最大的人口数量
6. be higher than any other mountain比其他任何山更高
7. the biggest country in Asia亚洲最大的国家
8. the second longest river in the world世界第二长河
9. one of the oldest countries in the world 世界上最古老的国家之一
10. one of the world’s most dangerous sports 最危险的运动之一
11. one of the most popular places最受欢迎的地方之一
one of +the/my…+形容词的最高级+名词的复数形式(高频考点)
12. the same size as…和…一样大
13. mountain climbing爬山
14. feel free to do sth随便干某事 feel free to ask me anything
15. the ancient emperors古代的皇帝
16. as you can see,..正如你所看见的,…
17. as far as I know,…就我所知,….
18. man-made objects人造物体
19. freezing weather conditions冰冻的天气条件
20. take in air呼吸空气
21. the first people to reach the top第一个到达顶上的人
the first/ last one to do sth 第一或最后一个干什么的（考点）
22. risk their lives冒着他们的生命危险
23. challenge themselves挑战自我
24. in the face of difficulties面对困难
25. the forces of nature自然力
26. achieve our dreams实现梦想
27. at birth在出生的时候=when sb was born
28. live up to…活到…
29. at the Chengdu Research Base在成都大熊猫研究基地
30. die from illnesses死于疾病=die because of illnesses/an accident（外因）
die of sad / happiness / cancer (癌症)…（内因而死）
31. in the remaining forests在剩下的森林里
32. another 200 or so还有大约200左右
33. endangered animals濒危动物（考点）
34. the importance of saving these animals拯救这些动物的重要性
35. only live for a short time because of illnesses由于疾病仅活很短的时间
36. make more homes for the pandas为大熊猫建造更多的家园
(指人的出生地)
37. catch whales for meat, fat and oil为肉,脂肪和油而捕鲸
38. jump high out of the water高高地跃出水面
39. rules on whale protection保护鲸的制度
40. water pollution水污染
41. stop putting rubbish into the sea停止往大海里丢垃圾
42. whale parts sold被卖的鲸鱼器官
43. have to be protected不得不被保护
44. protect … from…保护…免于…的伤害
必背句子
1.This makes it the longest wall in the world.这让它成了世界上最长的墙
2.The main reason was to protect their part of the country.主要原因是为了保卫他们部分的国土.
3.As far as I know, there are no man-make objects as big as this.就我所知,世界上没有和这个一样大的人造工程.
4.The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.喜马拉雅横卧在中国的东南部.
5.Of all the mountains, Qomolangma reses the highest.所有的山之中,珠穆郞玛耸立得最高.
6.Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard.厚厚的去覆盖着山顶, 雪也可能下得很猛.
7.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.(as = when)当你接近山顶的时候,呼吸也非常的困难.
8.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.登山都的精神向我们表明, 我们应该永不放弃努力实现我们的梦想.
9.No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.世界上没有海洋和太平洋一样大.
10.This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.这头大象的重量比这头熊猫重许多倍.
11.Lin Wei and the other panda keepers are preparing the milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast.林伟和其他的熊猫饲养员正在为熊猫准备牛奶早餐.
The babies are already awake and hungry.熊猫宝宝已经醒了,也很饿.
12.When the babies see the keepers, they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall over!当宝宝们看到饲养员的时候, 他们就兴奋地跑过来,有些还因看不清而撞上他们的伙伴,并且摔倒了.
13.I take care of them like they’re my own babies.我照料他们就象他们是我自己的宝宝一样.
14.I wash, feed and play with them every day.我每天都洗他们,喂他们并且和他们一起玩.
15.Pandas do not have many babies, maybe only one every two years.熊猫不能生很多宝宝, 也许每两年才一只.
16.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.成年熊猫每天花大约12小时吃10千克竹子.
17.The Chinese government is also planting more bamboo trees so there will be more forests for pandas to live in.中国政府也正在种植更多的竹子以便于熊猫有更多的竹林可以生活.(in不能丢掉)
18.We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas than now.我们都希望, 未来比现在有更多的熊猫.

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