非谓语动词完整ppt课件.ppt

非谓语非谓语精选非谓语动词动名词动名词 v-ing分词分词现在分词现在分词 v-ing过去分词过去分词 p.p动词不定式动词不定式 to do精选非谓的不同形式非谓的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”精选1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主语）（作主语）（作宾语）（作宾语）（作表语）（作表语）（作定语）（作定语）动名词动名词精选+精选+注意注意精选+精选+精选+精选+精选动词不定式动词不定式1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itisgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）常用常用it作形式主语作形式主语精选句型句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）Eg.It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.(1)作主语作主语 精选Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.句型句型2：It+谓语谓语+todo句型句型3：Its+n.+todoIttakesusanhour_gettherebybus.Itsourduty_helpthepoor.精选1.常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose(2)作宾语作宾语 2.见动名词用法见动名词用法精选want expect wishallow advise ask cause force begencourageinvite order warn remindpermit promiserequest persuade(3)作宾补作宾补 精选分词分词1.Makelessnoise，theresasleepingchild.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.2.作后置定语作后置定语3.作表语作表语1.作前置定语作前置定语精选现分和过分作现分和过分作定语定语的区别：的区别：boilingwater正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiledwater开水（表完成）developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家adisappointinglook一个令人失望的表情adisappointedlook一个失望的表情注：修饰人人人人的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（复印资料）精选Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作补语作补语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作状语作状语精选Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.分词作分词作状语状语：精选Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.精选Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.精选They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.and they were Singing and laughing精选To serve the people well,I study hard.In order to serve the people well精选将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：短语作状语：1.Because she was moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.精选2.When he found the door locked,he went home.精选He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time复印资料练习精选不定式和分词作不定式和分词作补语补语的区别：的区别：1.“吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listento1感觉：feel精选+精选+sb./sth.do让做done让被做+sb./sth.do让做bedone让被做+sb./sth.todo让做doing让做done让被做+精选+sb./sth.+do让做doing让持续做done让被做精选2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、withsb.todo留下某人去做某事sb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做sth.undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettled+精选sb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做某事sb./sthdone让某人/某物被(表示被动且完成/表示状态)+Eg:Keeptheengineendnrunning.Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.精选sb./sth.doing发现某人/某物正在做.sb./sthdone发现某人/某物已经(表示完成/状态)sb./sth.(tobe)发现某人/某物+Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.sb.doing撞见某人正在做.+Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.精选sb./sth.doing表示主动且进行/表示特征sth.beingdone表示被动且进行sth.done表示被动且完成/表示状态sth.todo表示将来+Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.精选五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格+动名词动名词在句中作主语在句中作主语:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rosesgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格人称代词宾格/名词名词+动名词动名词在句中作宾语在句中作宾语:Imsureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.IdontmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.精选独立主格结构独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格独立主格独立主格独立主格结构（结构（结构（结构（IndependentGenitiveIndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，前一部份是前一部份是前一部份是前一部份是名词名词名词名词或者或者或者或者代词代词代词代词，后一部分是，后一部分是，后一部分是，后一部分是非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词(不定式、不定式、不定式、不定式、动名词和分词动名词和分词动名词和分词动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语状语状语状语，多用于书面，多用于书面，多用于书面，多用于书面语。语。语。语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasNobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.closed.精选1 1独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：（1 1）名词）名词）名词）名词/代词代词代词代词+-ing+-ing分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirThemoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.journey.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2 2）名词）名词）名词）名词/代词代词代词代词+-ed+-ed分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.精选（3 3）名词）名词）名词）名词/代词代词代词代词+形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4 4）名词）名词）名词）名词/代词代词代词代词+不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepoliceThemoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.wentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetoHerearethefirsttwovolumes,eoutnextmonth.精选（5 5）名词）名词）名词）名词/代词代词代词代词+副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6 6）名词）名词）名词）名词/代词代词代词代词+介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinnerEverybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.精选2 2with+with+复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，withwith后的宾语相后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，withwith原有的含意往往不翻译出来。原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1 1）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+名词名词名词名词ThebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyThebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.weapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofHewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.bleedingflesh.精选（2 2）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+介词介词介词介词TheteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhisTheteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.hand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicalFamilydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.treatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3 3）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+副词副词副词副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Hewentoutwithhishaton.ThesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithThesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.herlightson.精选4 4）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+形容词形容词形容词形容词Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5 5）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+-ing+-ing分词分词分词分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardtheWiththeoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.mountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.精选（6 6）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+-ed+-ed分词分词分词分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7 7）with+with+名词名词名词名词/代词代词代词代词+不定式不定式不定式不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytoTheyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.domostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestoThiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.beovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,weWithfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.arrivedhere.精选3.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。精选Thanksalot!精选不定式、动名词用作主语不定式、动名词用作主语1 1。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语（1 1）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实（2 2）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益无益无益无益（3 3）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险1.To see is to believe1.To see is to believe2.To do morning exercises today 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.is not good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous3.To smoke here is dangerous（1 1）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。（2 2）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。（3 3）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeing is believing.1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for healthday is good for health3.Smoking is not a good habit3.Smoking is not a good habit不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作精选A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughty etc.Its Its kind ofkind of you to think so much of us.you to think so much of us.Its Its unwise ofunwise of him to leave home at once.him to leave home at once.It s It s wrong of wrong of him to speak bad behind others.him to speak bad behind others.Its Its wrong ofwrong of the south to break away from the Union.the south to break away from the Union.精选动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语用用用用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）广说不做没用）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的）学好英语是值得做的4.Its worthwhile 4.Its worthwhile learning English well.English well.2.2.用用用用it it作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与no use,no good,useless,worthwhileno use,no good,useless,worthwhile连用连用连用连用1.Its no use talking too much without doing 1.Its no use talking too much without doing anythinganything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk3.Its no good smoking too much3.Its no good smoking too much 1.Its no use _(sit)here waiting.2.There is no _(say)what will happen next.3.Is it any good _(tell)him the truth?4.It is great fun _(play)golf.精选小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则一、对称原则二、特殊表达二、特殊表达三、固定句型三、固定句型四、习惯用法四、习惯用法主语和表语对称主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作的动作It takes sb some time to do sthIts no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +Its no use/no good/useless/worthwhile +doing doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to Its important/necessary/hard for sb to do sthdo sth精选（3）做表语：主语）做表语：主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态可构成将来时态,表表“准备准备/打算打算/计划计划/需要需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.精选不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。ShecoulddonothingbutcryWhatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo(4)作定语作定语不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.精选不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。ShecoulddonothingbutcryWhatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo(4)作定语作定语不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.精选1).目的状语目的状语:可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末,前面可加前面可加inorder/soas/soasto表强调表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enoughto/tooto/onlyto结构中。结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语原因状语:主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+todo表表感情的感情的adj.有有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.Imverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome精选动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。精选WhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.ImsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolongAftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.精选怎样区分动名词和现在分词怎样区分动名词和现在分词Myjobisteaching.换位法换位法HerjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheofficeTheplayisexciting.ExcitingistheplayThestoryhetolduswasveryinterestingInterestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作表语作表语作定语作定语动名词作定语表示性质或用途。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachineamachineforwashing精选四.动名词的时态和语态1.完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如作之前发生。例如I regret not having taken your advice.He didint mention having met you before2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Shedidntmindbeingcalledahousewife精选