高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词冀教版.doc

高三英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词冀教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：非谓语动词教学过程非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。一、动词不定式1. 常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done 完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing2. 语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。例如：（1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.（2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.（3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next?（4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didnt notice them come in. 注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.（5）定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如： He is the man to depend on/to believe in.（6）状语：in order to A. 目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。Im glad to see you.B. 原因状语： 注：这种“be形容词不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here. C. 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。在“tooto”结构中表“太结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意， 如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. 在“形容词/副词enough不定式”结构中表“足以能”，如：He is strong enough to do the work.3. 复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）注：当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，不用for, 而用of, 如：It is kind of you to help me.（相当于You are kind to help me.）这类形容词有good, nice, kind, wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不礼貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. Its right/wrong for him to do the work. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 4. 疑问词不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don t know when and where to go.（宾语）5. 动词不定式的否定式（not to do sth.），语法功能同不定式肯定式。6. 不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。例如： They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时） She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后） It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制） The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.（2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.（3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例如： She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.7. 不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式的被动式， 例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be built there is very long.二. 分词1. 分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done, 完成被动式having been done2. 语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。3. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：（1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台运行的机器，a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车注：关于心理状态动词的ing形式表主动意，ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的专题。 （2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家4. 现在分词的基本用法：（1）一般主动式用法：A. 作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(The child who is sleeping is)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(The girl who is writing a letter can)The factory making TV sets is very large.(The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)B. 作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.C. 作宾补：用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. Dont keep the students doing homework all day. 注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如：I heard them singing in the room when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing) have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者havelet, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：Ill have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。Ill have him working in my company.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。Dont have the machine working all day.不要让机器整天工作。D. 作状语：时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.原因状语：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.（2）完成主动式用法： 这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能作定语用。例如： Having finished her homework, she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.（3）一般被动式用法： 表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。 例如：The car being repaired is mine.(The car which is being repaired is mine.) （4）完成被动式用法： 表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。 例如：Having been praised a second time, I decided to make still greater progress.【模拟试题】1. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. To give B. Having givenC. Given D. Giving2. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. to be writtenB. writtenC. being writtenD. having written3. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. to play B. play C. to be playing D. playing4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. To lose B. Lost C. Having lostD. Losing5. When passing me he pretended _ me. A. to see B. not having seenC. to have not seen D. not to have seen6. The children insisted _ there on foot. A. they goingB. they would goC. on their going D. going7. He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young. A. taking B. being takenC. takenD. having taken8. _ the railway station, we had a break, only _ the train had left. A. Arriving at; to find B. Coming to; discovering that C. On arriving at; finding outD. Hurrying to; to have found out 9. With the boy _ the way, we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led10. _ these pictures, I couldnt those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seen11. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET) A. to have sailedB. to sailC. sailing D. sail12. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. (NMET) A. movedB. moving C. moves D. to move13. _ is known to all, China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing14. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _into buying something they dont really need. A. persuade B. persuading C. being persuadedD. be persuaded15. There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. (NMET) A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed16. Please excuse my _ in without _ . A. come; permitted B. coming; permitted C. comimg; being permitted D. to come; being permitted17. _ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then. A. Holding; being held B. Held; holding C. Having held; held D. Held; to be held18. Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day? Yes, and I heard this song _ in English. A. sing; singing B. sung; sung C. sung; singing D. singing; sung19. The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday. A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussed C. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing20. With the cooking _ , I went on _ some sewing. A. done; to do B. being done; doing C. to be done; doing D. to have done; doing21. It is no use _ your past mistakes. A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted22. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her, only _ her five children. A. left; to leaveB. leaving; leaving C. leaving; left D. left; leaving23. I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem _ . A. to work B. to work out C. to be worked out D. to work it out24. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. (NMET) A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you25. Climbing mountains was _ , so we all felt _ . A. tiring; tiredB. tired; tiringC. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired26. I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room. A. seatingB. seat C. seated D. seated themselves27. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking28. It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow. A. to solveB. to be solvedC. solved D. solving29. _ maps properly, you need a special pen. A. DrawnB. Drawing C. To draw D. Be drawing30. There is a river _ around our school. A. to run B. run C. running D. to be running31. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to takeB. take C. taking D. to be taken32. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set. _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing33. With the kind-hearted boy-me with my work, Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work. A. to help; help you out B. helping; helping you C. helped; to help you out D. to help; to help you34. Greatly moved by her words, _. A. tears came to his eyes B. he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears. 35. I hope they wont touch the dog. Ive warned them _ . A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do36. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET) A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone37. When _ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing. A. been asked B. asked C. asking D. to be asked38. The man kept silent in the room unless _ . A. spoken to B. spoke to C. spoken D. to speak39. He was often listened _ in the next room. A. sing B. sung C. to sing D. to to sing40. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET) A. ride; rideB. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ . A. not toB. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 42. What troubles them is _ enough experience A. that they have to B. they have not C. their not having D. not their having43. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not know44. Bamboo is used _ houses in some places . A. to build B. to building C. to be builtD. being built45. Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET) A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing46. The day we looked forward to _ . A. come B. coming C. has come D. have come47. Whom would you rather _ the work? A. to have to doB. to have doC. have to do D. have do 48. Do you think it any good _ with him again? A. to talkB. talking C. to talkingD. having talked49. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _. A. accepting fully B. being fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted50. The government forbids _ such bad books. A. publishedB. to publishC. publish D. publishing【试题答案】15 C B D B D610 C B A A A 1115 C B C C B 1620 C A D C A 2125 A D B C A 2630 C C B C C 3135 C A D B B3640 B B A D C4145 A C A A A 4650 C D A B D